Gellan gum based gastroretentive tablets for bioavailability enhancement of cilnidipine in human volunteers

Cited by (23)

• Review articleOpen access

  Biomedical applications of functional hydrogels: Innovative developments, relevant clinical trials and advanced products

  Zöller K., …, Bernkop-Schnürch A.

  Biomaterials • Volume 312 • 2025 • Article 122718

  Citation Excerpt:

  Furthermore, Karemore et al. developed a gastroretentive tablet for cilnidipine delivery containing gellan gum and HPMC as gelling agents and sodium bicarbonate for gas generation. The tablet displayed a drug release up to 12 h remaining buoyant in the stomach and enhanced cilnidipine bioavailability compared to conventional tablets in human volunteers [151]. However, the current approaches for gastroretentive drug delivery including floating systems but also expanding systems containing rapidly swelling polymers have to be seen critically.

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  Functional hydrogels are used for numerous biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, wound dressings, lubricants, contact lenses and advanced drug delivery systems. Most of them are based on synthetic or natural polymers forming a three-dimensional network that contains aqueous media. Among synthetic polymers, poly(meth)acrylates, polyethyleneglycols, poly(vinylalcohols), poly(vinylpyrrolidones), PLGA and poly(urethanes) are of high relevance, whereas natural polymers are mainly polysaccharides such as hyaluronic acid, alginate or chitosan and proteins such as albumin, collagen or elastin. In contrast to most synthetic polymers, natural polymers are biodegradable. Both synthetic and natural polymers are often chemically modified in order to improve or induce favorable properties and functions like high mechanical strength, stiffness, elasticity, high porosity, adhesive properties, in situ gelling properties, high water binding capacity or drug release controlling properties. Within this review we provide an overview about the broad spectrum of biomedical applications of functional hydrogels, summarize innovative approaches, discuss the concept of relevant functional hydrogels that are in clinical trials and highlight advanced products as examples for successful developments.
• Review article

  Texture analysis – A versatile tool for pharmaceutical evaluation of solid oral dosage forms

  Bogdan C., …, Iurian S.

  International Journal of Pharmaceutics • Volume 638 • 2023 • Article 122916

  Citation Excerpt:

  The adhesive behavior and implicitly the texture profile changes depend on factors such as the composition of the sample (type and ratio of polymer) (Accili et al., 2004; Alam et al., 2015; Gennari et al., 2019; Karemore and Bali, 2021; Pekoz et al., 2015; Prodduturi et al., 2005; Sankar and Jain, 2013; Sharma et al., 2015; Tamburic and Craig, 1997; Thirawong et al., 2007) preparation method (Ikeuchi-Takahashi et al., 2013), type and ratio of API (Abdel-Haq et al., 2021; Repka et al., 2006; Schmidt et al., 2022; Szekalska et al., 2015). For an in-depth assessment of these influences, parameters derived from TA (adhesion force and work of adhesion) have been integrated as responses in Design of Experiments (Gurpreetarora et al., 2012; Karemore and Bali, 2021; Kraisit et al., 2017; Owens et al., 2005; Pund et al., 2011; Sharma et al., 2015; Singh and Rana, 2013). In the study conducted by Kraisit et al., the mucoadhesive properties of the films (work of adhesion and detachment force) were included as responses in a mixture design, and the effect of polymers and their interaction were analyzed to develop HPMC/polycarbophil films with higher mucoadhesion. (

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  In the past few decades, texture analysis (TA) has gained importance as a valuable method for the characterization of solid oral dosage forms. As a result, an increasing number of scientific publications describe the textural methods that evaluate the extremely diverse category of solid pharmaceutical products. Within the current work, the use of texture analysis in the characterization of solid oral dosage forms is summarised with a focus on the evaluation of intermediate and finished oral pharmaceutical products. Several texture methods are reviewed regarding the applications in mechanical characterization, and mucoadhesion testing, but also in estimating the disintegration time and in vivo specific features of oral dosage forms. As there are no pharmacopoeial standards for pharmaceutical products tested through texture analysis, and there are important differences between reported results due to different experimental conditions, the choice of testing protocol and parameters is challenging. Thereby, this work aims to guide the research scientists and quality assurance professionals involved in different stages of drug development into the selection of optimal texture methodologies depending on the product characteristics and quality control needs.
• Review article

  Advances in fermentative production, purification, characterization and applications of gellan gum

  Dev M.J., …, Singhal R.S.

  Bioresource Technology • Volume 359 • 2022 • Article 127498
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  Multiple microbial exopolysaccharides have been reported in recent decade with their structural and functional features. Gellan gum (GG) is among these emerging biopolymers with versatile properties. Low production yield, high downstream cost, and abundant market demand have made GG a high cost material. Hence, an understanding on the various possibilities to develop cost-effective gellan gum bioprocess is desirable. This review focuses on details of upstream and downstream process of GG from an industrial perspective. It emphasizes on GG producing Sphingomonas spp., updates on biosynthesis, strain and media engineering, kinetic modeling, bioreactor design and scale-up considerations. Details of the downstream operations with possible modifications to make it cost-effective and environmentally sustainable have been discussed. The updated regulatory criteria for GG as a food ingredient and analytical tools required to validate the same have been briefly discussed. Derivatives of GG and their applications in various industrial segments have also been highlighted.
• Review articleOpen access

  Gastroretentive technologies in tandem with controlled-release strategies: A potent answer to oral drug bioavailability and patient compliance implications

  Vrettos N.-N., …, Zhu Z.

  Pharmaceutics • Volume 13 • 2021 • Article 1591
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  There have been many efforts to improve oral drug bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. A variety of controlled-release oral delivery systems have been developed to meet these needs. Gastroretentive drug delivery technologies have the potential to achieve retention of the dosage form in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that can be sufficient to ensure complete solubilisation of the drugs in the stomach fluids, followed by subsequent absorption in the stomach or proximal small intestine. This can be beneficial for drugs that have an “absorption window” or are absorbed to a different extent in various segments of the GIT. Therefore, gastroretentive technologies in tandem with controlled-release strategies could enhance both the therapeutic efficacy of many drugs and improve patient compliance through a reduction in dosing frequency. The paper reviews different gastroretentive drug delivery technologies and controlled-release strategies that can be combined and summarises examples of formulations currently in clinical development and commercially available gastroretentive controlled-release products. The different parameters that need to be considered and monitored during formulation development for these pharmaceutical applications are highlighted.
• Natural Gums in Drug-Loaded Micro- and Nanogels

  Froelich A., …, Osmałek T.

  Pharmaceutics • Volume 15 • 2023 • Article 759
• Exploiting Polymeric Films as a Multipurpose Drug Delivery System: a Review

  Riccio B.V.F., …, Chorilli M.

  AAPS PharmSciTech • Volume 23 • 2022 • Article 269