Nitroplasts suggest the creation of artificial nitrogen-fixing eukaryotes
Affiliations & Notes
1Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
2Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
3National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
Article Info
Publication History:
Published online June 14, 2024
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.06.002 External LinkAlso available on ScienceDirect External Link
Copyright: © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
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Figures (1)
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Metric data currently unavailableFigure 1 Schematic representation of nitrogen fixation processes in the chemical industry and in biological organisms.
(A) Industrial nitrogen fixation primarily uses the Haber–Bosch process, which requires massive energy and extreme reaction conditions and generates a huge environmental burden. (B) Biological nitrogen fixation, previously known to be specifically present in prokaryotes, generates ammonia through nitrogenase biocatalysis under mild conditions and is environmentally friendly. (C) Developing artificial nitrogen-fixing eukaryotes, particularly in food-producing crops and yeasts, is a long-standing goal. However, several challenges, such as maintaining optimal reaction conditions and ensuring metabolic balance, need to be addressed to achieve this objective. (D) The nitrogen-fixing machinery in the natural eukaryotic nitrogen-fixing algae Braarudosphaera bigelowii. Understanding the mechanism to ensure nitrogen fixation in the nitroplast organelle – including the organization of the cell architecture, oxygen level maintenance, and interactive metabolic dependency – would aid the solution of the existing challenges and construction of the desired artificial nitrogen-fixing eukaryotes. Image created with BioRender.
