tempus

Learned borrowing from Latin tempus.

• IPA^(key): /ˈtempus/, [ˈt̪e̞mpus̠]
• Rhymes: -empus
• Syllabification^(key): tem‧pus
• Hyphenation^(key): tem‧pus

tempus (dated)

1. (linguistics) tense

• aikamuoto

• “tempus”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023

From Proto-Italic *tempos; thence, two ultimate origins have been proposed:

• From Proto-Indo-European *tempos (“stretch”), from the extension *temp- of the root *ten- (“to stretch, string”), with meaning development "what is stretched, stretching" → "stretch (of time)" → "time, occasion".^[1]
• From Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (“to cut”), thus "a section (of time)", this root also giving Latin temnō, tondeō, Ancient Greek τέμνω (témnō). templum is a possible cognate that has also been assigned to both roots.^[2]

Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek τὰ καίρῐᾰ (tà kaírĭă, “the vital or fatal place (on the body)”), from καιρός (kairós, “time, opportunity, etc.”), and is less frequent in singular form. Compare Old English þunwang (“temple of the head”), Middle High German tinne, tinge (“forehead, temples”).

As seen from the adverb temperī, the noun would originally have declined like genus.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈtɛm.pʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈtɛm.pus]

tempus n (genitive temporis); third declension

1. (literally):
   1. a time (a portion or period of time) quotations ▼

      ad/in tempus ― temporarily; for a time

      tempus diurnum ― daytime

      • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Vergilius, Georgicon III.284:

        sed fvgit intereā fvgit inreparābile tempvs

        But it flees, meanwhile, it flees... irretrievable time.

      • c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 5.220:

        Cur anni tempora morbos adportant?

        Why do the seasons of the year bring maladies?

      1. (especially) an interval, period (the time intervening between two events) quotations ▼
         • 397 CE – 401 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, Confessiones 4:

           per īdem tempus annōrum novem, ab ūndēvīcēnsimō annō aetātis meae ūsque ad duodētrīcēnsimum, sēdūcēbāmur et sēdūcēbāmus

           During this period of nine years, from my nineteenth year to my twenty-eighth, I went astray and led others astray.

   2. (in general) time quotations ▼
      • c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca Minor, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium 1.1.3:

        Omnia, Lūcīlī, aliēna sunt; tempus tantum nostrum est [...].

        All things, Lucilius, are otherwise; time alone is ours.

   3. (in particular) the kairos, right time, due season, due time, proper time, appointed time, opportune time, opportunity

      in tempore ― at the appropriate time; in due season

      ad tempus venīre ― to come at the right time

      ante tempus ― too soon (literally, “before the right time”)

3. (anatomy):
   1. (in the plural) the temples (sides of the head)
   2. (poetic, transferred sense) (in general) the face, visage; the head
4. (other transferred senses):
   1. the state of the times, position, state, condition; (in the plural) the times, circumstances (the time or age in its moral aspects) quotations ▼

      prō tempore ― according to the circumstances

      • 63 BCE, Cicero, In Catilinam orationes 1.2:

        Ō tempora, ō mōrēs! Senātus haec intellegit, cōnsul videt; hic tamen vīvit. Vīvit?

        Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives!

   2. (poetry, rhetoric) time; measure, quantity
   3. (grammar) a tense (property of a verb that indicates the point in time at which an action or state of being occurs)
   4. (Medieval Latin, rare) the weather

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem), with locative.

Locative used in the sense "in time".

From tempora (plural):

• “tempus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “tempus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "tempus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “tempus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co. 64 phrases

tempus m

1. accusative plural of temps

From Latin tempus (“time”). Doublet of tempo.

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɛmpʉs/

tempus n (definite singular tempuset, indefinite plural tempus, definite plural tempusa)

1. (linguistics, grammar) tense

• “tempus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

From Latin tempus

• IPA^(key): /ˈtempus/

tempus m (plural tempos)

1. (countable and uncountable) time
2. (uncountable) weather

tempus n

1. (grammar) tense; a grammatical category that provides information about at which point in time a mentioned event takes place. coordinate terms ▲

   Coordinate terms: aspekt, modus