Medically Reviewed by Michael Dansinger, MD on October 03, 2024
Stretch Marks
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Stretch Marks

These sunken, wavy lines can show up on your belly, arms, or other places. They may start darker than your skin tone – pink, red, purple, or brown – and turn glossy and lighter than the skin around them. 

Cosmetic procedures and creams can help, but the marks may return or not go away completely. Hydrating, getting plenty of exercise, avoiding caffeine, and eating foods rich in protein, zinc, and vitamins A, C, and D may help prevent them.

Skin Tags
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Skin Tags

These benign growths hang from strands of tissue typically around skin folds. They may be pink, red, brown, black, or the color of your skin. 

Skin tags can be a sign of untreated diabetes. Getting diabetes under control might prevent more skin tags. You may also be able to prevent them if you avoid clothes and jewelry that rub your skin. Your dermatologist can remove the ones you already have.

Acanthosis Nigricans
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Acanthosis Nigricans

Also linked to high blood sugar, these dark and velvety patches crop up around folds and creases in your skin. 

They may cause a bad smell and pain, which antibiotics can relieve. But it may be hard to get rid of the look of them. Topical medication, such as cream, ointment, or gel, might lighten up the dark patches. Laser treatment could reduce skin thickness. Prescription retinoids in cream or pill form may further clear up your skin.

Plantar Hyperkeratosis
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Plantar Hyperkeratosis

Too much pressure caused by extra weight can lead to dry, hardened skin on the bottoms of your feet – especially on your heels and balls of your feet. The condition can come with painful corns, calluses, and warts. 

Your doctor may prescribe medicines you apply to the skin and take by mouth. You might also need in-office procedures on your feet. Comfortable shoes that relieve pressure can help you prevent these skin changes.

Keratosis Pilaris
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Keratosis Pilaris

These tiny, dry bumps can show up on your upper arms, thighs, cheeks, or butt. They might clear up on their own. 

To help, take short baths or showers with warm water (rather than hot). Moisturize often. Avoid harsh soaps. Scrub off dead skin gently with a loofah. Apply medicated creams containing uric, lactic, alpha hydroxy, or lactic acid. Use a humidifier and wear loose clothing. 

If needed, your doctor can prescribe a cream.

Intertrigo
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Intertrigo

This red, itchy rash may form anywhere skin rubs together, like under breasts, in armpits, and in belly folds. It can lead to bacterial or yeast infections. 

You can prevent intertrigo by keeping your skin cool, dry, and clean. Dry off completely after you shower. Wear loose, breathable clothing. 

If your intertrigo doesn’t get better or shows signs of infection, like a bad smell or pus, see a health care provider.

Skin Infections
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Skin Infections

Obesity is a risk factor for many bacterial and fungal infections. Staph infections can cause painful, pus-filled sores and leave scars that make your skin look cratered like an orange peel. Cellulitis can cause painful, hot, red, swollen skin. Onychomycosis is a toenail fungus. These infections require prescription medication.

Hidradenitis Suppurativa
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Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Often called acne inversa, it can cause blackheads, painful lumps, and sores that leak blood and pus. Untreated, it can limit your movement and lead to infection, skin cancer, chronic pain, depression, and social isolation. Treatment might include a few different medicines, several medical procedures, and ongoing follow-up to monitor your condition and adjust the care plan.

Psoriasis
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Psoriasis

Inflammation from obesity can trigger this skin condition. In this autoimmune disease, your immune system mistakenly attacks your body and causes itchy, flaky, irritated patches of skin.  Treatment includes medicines you apply to your skin, swallow, or inject. You might get laser therapy, too. You’ll start with the mildest treatment and work up until symptoms are under control.

Hyperandrogenism
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Hyperandrogenism

This typically refers to a female body making too much of a group of hormones called androgens. Male and female bodies both make androgens, but males make more. Fatty tissue can overproduce these hormones in people with obesity, and it can lead to acne and body hair patterns that are more common in males. Medications, including hormonal birth control, can rebalance the hormones and treat the acne and body hair.

Varicose Veins
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Varicose Veins

Excess weight can put added pressure on veins in your legs and cause them to bulge and become larger. The veins look purple, blue, and bumpy. For some people, it’s just a cosmetic problem. But for others, varicose veins can cause pain. Treatment includes regular physical activity, keeping your legs elevated, and wearing compression socks. If needed, surgery can remove or fix the bulging veins.

Chronic Venous Insufficiency
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Chronic Venous Insufficiency

The extra pressure on leg veins keeps them from pumping enough blood back to your heart. Besides varicose veins, this can cause other symptoms that are visible on your skin like leg ulcers and extreme leg swelling. Your doctor will recommend some new habits, including regular movement and leg elevation. You might also need surgery.

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Medically Reviewed by Poonam Sachdev on July 07, 2024
Which Doctors Treat Obesity?
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Which Doctors Treat Obesity?

Obesity is a common health condition that affects more than 100 million adults and almost 15 million children in the United States. Some doctors specialize in obesity treatment and can work with you to come up with a plan that meets your goals and needs. Your treatment may include a primary care doctor, obesity specialist, bariatrician, and bariatric surgeon.

Start With a Primary Care Provider
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Start With a Primary Care Provider

Your primary care doctor should be your first stop if you have concerns about your weight. They can help you figure out whether you have obesity or pre-obesity. Your doctor will measure your body mass index (BMI) and may even create a treatment plan for you. But not every health care provider has had training in obesity. In that case, they may refer you to a specialist.

What Is an Obesity Specialist?
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What Is an Obesity Specialist?

Obesity specialists are doctors who use a broad approach to create a personalized treatment plan for you. That may include obesity medicine, nutrition education, changes in habits or behavior, exercise plans, and other therapies that don’t require major surgery. They may also take a team approach by working with your primary doctor, a dietitian, or a therapist to help you manage your weight.

What Is a Bariatrician?
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What Is a Bariatrician?

Bariatricians are specialized doctors who treat obesity along with obesity-related health conditions, such as heart disease, stroke, arthritis, and diabetes. They aim to help you manage your weight without surgery. They will create a personalized plan for you that may include counseling to help you change your habits, an exercise routine, nutrition education, and possibly medication.

What Is a Bariatric Surgeon?
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What Is a Bariatric Surgeon?

Bariatric surgeons are the doctors who specialize in weight loss operations. Some of the weight loss surgeries they perform include gastric bypass, gastric sleeve, laparoscopic band, and duodenal switch. One of these options may be right for you if diet and exercise haven’t resulted in weight loss, or you have additional health issues because of your weight.

Treatment Starts With Nutrition and Diet
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Treatment Starts With Nutrition and Diet

An obesity specialist may suggest that you swap unhealthy choices for lean proteins, vegetables, fruits, and water. They can also recommend that you talk with a registered dietitian, certified nutrition specialist, or a certified clinical nutritionist to learn more about nutrition and how to prepare foods that fit your needs and goals. You may try multiple diets to find the one that brings you the best results. 

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Exercise

Physical activity is important for weight management. Your treatment team will tell you to start slow and not rush into high-intensity workouts. They can help you set exercise goals, including what exercises to do and how long to do them. Exercises may include cardio and strength training, which help boost your metabolism, build muscle mass, and help burn fat. 

Behavior Changes
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Behavior Changes

Specialists will help you identify the root cause of your obesity and then examine your habits to help you break unhealthy patterns. You may also work on building a healthy relationship with food, helping you think of it as nutrition instead of a reward or way to deal with emotions. You can learn about mindful eating – fully focusing on your food as you cook and eat it while taking away distractions around you. 

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Weight Loss Medication

If you haven’t lost weight after diet and exercise, your doctor may prescribe weight loss medication. Medications may be an option if your BMI is more than 30, or if it’s over 27 and you have health issues related to your obesity, such as diabetes or high blood pressure. Your obesity specialist will help you choose a medication that best fits you with the fewest side effects.

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Weight Loss Surgery

Weight loss surgery changes your digestive system to help you lose weight. It’s usually done if diet and exercise haven’t worked or you have other health problems. Some surgeries limit the amount of food you eat. Others reduce the amount of fat and calories your body can absorb. Some operations do both. Major surgery does have risks. And you have to make changes to your diet and get exercise to make sure the surgery’s effects last for the long term.

This content was created using several editorial tools, including AI, as part of the process. Human editors reviewed this content before publication.