For the Summer Games, athletes representing Lithuania first competed at the Games of the VIII Olympiad Paris 1924, taking part in the sport or discipline of road cycling and football. At the Games of the XXV Olympiad Barcelona 1992, Romas Ubartas became the first athlete representing Lithuania to win an Olympic medal of any colour, capturing gold in the men’s athletics discus throw event. For the Winter Games, one athlete representing Lithuania first competed at the II Olympic Winter Games St. Moritz 1928, taking part in the discipline of speed skating. No athlete representing Lithuania has yet won an Olympic Winter Games medal of any colour.

At Beijing 2022, Lithuania competed in Alpine skiing, biathlon, cross-country skiing and figure skating. The NOC's highest result at the Games was achieved in biathlon by the men's 4 x 7. 5km relay team, which finished 14th. Vytautas Strolia, who was a member of that relay team, also posted the highest finish in an individual event in Beijing for Lithuania, ending the men's 20km individual in 21st place. In figure skating, Paulina Ramanauskaite and Deividas Kizala finished the ice dance event in last place out of 23 couples, which was Lithuania's lowest ever result in ice dance at a Winter Games. The NOC's youngest athletes in Beijing were women's cross-country skiers Ieva Dainyte, age 16, and Egle Savickaite, age 17. The two teenagers competed together in the women's team sprint classic, where they were eliminated after being lapped.

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