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Article

The natives are restless, but not often and mostly when disturbed

Daniel Simberloff

Corresponding Author

Daniel Simberloff

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1610 USA

E-mail: dsimberloff@utk.eduSearch for more papers by this author
Lara Souza

Lara Souza

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1610 USA

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Martín A. Nuñez

Martín A. Nuñez

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1610 USA

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M. Noelia Barrios-Garcia

M. Noelia Barrios-Garcia

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1610 USA

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Windy Bunn

Windy Bunn

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1610 USA

Grand Canyon National Park, P.O. Box 129, Grand Canyon, Arizona 86023 USA

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First published: 01 March 2012

Corresponding Editor: D. R. Strong.

Abstract

The argument that the threat posed by introduced species is overblown is often buttressed by the observation that native species sometimes also become invasive. An examination of the literature on plant invasions in the United States shows that six times more nonnative species have been termed invasive than native species, and that a member of the naturalized nonnative pool is 40 times more likely than a native species to be perceived as invasive. In the great majority of instances in which a native plant species is seen as invasive, the invasion is associated with an anthropogenic disturbance, especially changed fire or hydrological regime, livestock grazing, and changes wrought by an introduced species. These results suggest that natives are significantly less likely than nonnatives to be problematic for local ecosystems.

Volume93, Issue3

March 2012

Pages 598-607