辅音列表[编辑]
外观
此条目需要更新。 (2013年3月22日) |
以下内容是辅音列表
按发音部位排列
[编辑]唇音
[编辑]双唇音
[编辑]- 双唇搭嘴音 (bilabial click) [ʘ]
- 双唇挤喉音 (bilabial ejective) [pʼ]
- 双唇鼻音 (bilabial nasal) [m]
- 双唇颤音 (bilabial trill) [ʙ]
- 双唇近音 (bilabial approximant) [β̞]
- 浊双唇擦音 (voiced bilabial fricative) [β]
- 浊双唇内破音 (voiced bilabial implosive) [ɓ]
- 浊双唇塞音 (voiced bilabial plosive) [b]
- 清双唇擦音 (voiceless bilabial fricative) [ɸ]
- 清双唇塞音 (voiceless bilabial plosive) [p]
唇齿音
[编辑]- 唇齿近音 (labiodental approximant) [ʋ]
- 唇齿鼻音 (labiodental nasal) [ɱ] (symphony)
- 浊唇齿擦音 (voiced labiodental fricative) [v]
- 清唇齿擦音 (voiceless labiodental fricative) [f]
- 唇齿闪音 (labiodental flap) [ⱱ]
舌尖音
[编辑]齿音
[编辑]- 齿搭嘴音 (dental click) [ǀ]
- 齿挤喉音 (dental ejective) [t̪ʼ]
- 齿鼻音 (dental nasal) [n̪]
- 浊齿擦音 (voiced dental fricative) [ð] (this)
- 浊齿内破音 (voiced dental implosive) [ɗ̪]
- 浊齿塞音 (voiced dental plosive) [d̪]
- 清齿擦音 (voiceless dental fricative) [θ] (thing)
- 清齿塞音 (voiceless dental plosive) [t̪]
卷舌音
[编辑]- 卷舌近音 (retroflex approximant) [ɻ]
- 卷舌闪音 (retroflex flap) [ɽ]
- 卷舌边音 (retroflex lateral approximant) [ɭ]
- 卷舌鼻音 (retroflex nasal) [ɳ]
- 浊卷舌擦音 (voiced retroflex fricative) [ʐ]
- 浊卷舌塞音 (voiced retroflex plosive) [ɖ]
- 清卷舌擦音 (voiceless retroflex fricative) [ʂ]
- 清卷舌塞音 (voiceless retroflex plosive) [ʈ]
齿龈音
[编辑]- 齿龈近音 (alveolar approximant) [ɹ]
- 齿龈挤喉音 (alveolar ejective) [tʼ]
- 齿龈挤喉擦音 (alveolar ejective fricative) [sʼ]
- 齿龈闪音 (alveolar flap) [ɾ]
- 齿龈边音 (alveolar lateral approximant) [l]
- 齿龈边闪音 (alveolar lateral flap) [ɺ]
- 齿龈鼻音 (alveolar nasal) [n]
- 齿龈颤音 (alveolar trill) [r]
- 边搭嘴音 (lateral alveolar click) [ǁ]
- 软腭化齿龈边音 (velarized alveolar lateral approximant) [ɫ]
- 浊齿龈擦音 (voiced alveolar fricative) [z]
- 浊齿龈内破音 (voiced alveolar implosive) [ɗ]
- 浊齿龈边擦音 (voiced alveolar lateral fricative) [ɮ]
- 浊齿龈塞音 (voiced alveolar plosive) [d]
- 清齿龈擦音 (voiceless alveolar fricative) [s]
- 清齿龈边擦音 (voiceless alveolar lateral fricative) [ɬ]
- 清齿龈塞音 (voiceless alveolar plosive) [t]
- 齿龈搭嘴音 (postalveolar click) [ǃ]
齿龈后音
[编辑]- 浊龈后塞擦音 (voiced postalveolar affricate) [dʒ]
- 浊龈后擦音 (voiced postalveolar fricative) [ʒ]
- 清龈后塞擦音 (voiceless postalveolar affricate) [tʃ]
- 清龈后擦音 (voiceless postalveolar fricative) [ʃ]
龈腭音
[编辑]- 浊龈腭擦音 (voiced alveolo-palatal fricative) [ʑ]
- 清龈腭擦音 (voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative) [ɕ]
- 浊龈腭塞擦音 voiced alveolo-palatal affricate [dʑ]
- 清龈腭塞擦音 voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate [t̠͡ɕ]
舌面音
[编辑]硬腭音
[编辑]- 硬腭近音 (palatal approximant) [j] (yes)
- 硬腭搭嘴音 (palatal click) [ǂ]
- 硬腭挤喉音 (palatal ejective) [cʼ]
- 硬腭边音 (palatal lateral approximant) [ʎ]
- 硬腭鼻音 (palatal nasal) [ɲ]
- 浊硬腭擦音 (voiced palatal fricative) [ʝ]
- 浊硬腭内破音 (voiced palatal implosive) [ʄ]
- 浊硬腭塞音 (voiced palatal plosive) [ɟ]
- 清硬腭擦音 (voiceless palatal fricative) [ç]
- 清硬腭塞音 (voiceless palatal plosive) [c]
唇硬腭音
[编辑]- 唇硬腭近音 (labial-palatal approximant) [ɥ]
软腭音
[编辑]- 软腭近音 (velar approximant) [ɰ]
- 软腭挤喉音 (velar ejective) [kʼ]
- 软腭边音 (velar lateral approximant) [ʟ]
- 软腭鼻音 (velar nasal) [ŋ] (ring)
- 浊软腭擦音 (voiced velar fricative) [ɣ]
- 浊软腭内破音 (voiced velar implosive) [ɠ]
- 浊软腭塞音 (voiced velar plosive) [g]
- 清硬腭软腭擦音 (voiceless palatal-velar fricative) [ɧ] (名字有争议)
- 清软腭擦音 (voiceless velar fricative) [x]
- 清软腭塞音 (voiceless velar plosive) [k]
唇软腭音
[编辑]- 浊圆唇软腭近音 (Voiced labial-velar approximant) [w]
- 清圆唇软腭近音 (Voiceless labiovelar approximant) (前称为清圆唇软腭擦音;voiceless labiovelar fricative) [ʍ] (which)
小舌音
[编辑]- 小舌挤喉音 (uvular ejective) [qʼ]
- 小舌鼻音 (uvular nasal) [ɴ]
- 小舌颤音 (uvular trill) [ʀ]
- 浊小舌擦音 (voiced uvular fricative) [ʁ]
- 浊小舌内破音 (voiced uvular implosive) [ʛ]
- 浊小舌塞音 (voiced uvular plosive) [ɢ]
- 清小舌擦音 (voiceless uvular fricative) [χ]
- 清小舌塞音 (voiceless uvular plosive) [q]
舌根音
[编辑]咽音
[编辑]会厌音
[编辑]- 会厌塞音 (epiglottal plosive) [ʡ]
- 浊会厌擦音 (voiced epiglottal fricative) [ʢ]
- 清会厌擦音 (voiceless epiglottal fricative) [ʜ]
喉音
[编辑]- 浊喉擦音 (voiced glottal fricative) [ɦ]
- 清喉擦音 (voiceless glottal fricative) [h]
- 清喉塞音 (voiceless glottal plosive) [ʔ]
按发音方法排列
[编辑]鼻音
[编辑]- 齿龈鼻音 (alveolar nasal) [n]
- 双唇鼻音 (bilabial nasal) [m]
- 齿鼻音 (dental nasal) [n̪]
- 唇齿鼻音 (labiodental nasal) [ɱ]
- 硬腭鼻音 (palatal nasal) [ɲ]
- 卷舌鼻音 (retroflex nasal) [ɳ]
- 小舌鼻音 (uvular nasal) [ɴ]
- 软腭鼻音 (velar nasal) [ŋ]
塞音(爆破音)
[编辑]- 会厌塞音 (epiglottal plosive) [ʡ]
- 浊齿龈塞音 (voiced alveolar plosive) [d]
- 浊双唇塞音 (voiced bilabial plosive) [b]
- 浊齿塞音 (voiced dental plosive) [d̪]
- 浊硬腭塞音 (voiced palatal plosive) [ɟ]
- 浊卷舌塞音 (voiced retroflex plosive) [ɖ]
- 浊小舌塞音 (voiced uvular plosive) [ɢ]
- 浊软腭塞音 (voiced velar plosive) [g]
- 清齿龈塞音 (voiceless alveolar plosive) [t]
- 清双唇塞音 (voiceless bilabial plosive) [p]
- 清齿塞音 (voiceless dental plosive) [t̪]
- 清声门塞音 (voiceless glottal plosive) [ʔ]
- 清硬腭塞音 (voiceless palatal plosive) [c]
- 清卷舌塞音 (voiceless retroflex plosive) [ʈ]
- 清小舌塞音 (voiceless uvular plosive) [q]
- 清软腭塞音 (voiceless velar plosive) [k]
擦音
[编辑]- 齿龈挤喉擦音 (alveolar ejective fricative) [sʼ]
- 浊齿龈擦音 (voiced alveolar fricative) [z]
- 浊齿龈边擦音 (voiced alveolar lateral fricative) [ɮ]
- 浊龈腭擦音 (voiced alveolo-palatal fricative) [ʑ]
- 浊双唇擦音 (voiced bilabial fricative) [β]
- 浊齿擦音 (voiced dental fricative) [ð]
- 浊会厌擦音 (voiced epiglottal fricative) [ʢ]
- 浊喉擦音 (voiced glottal fricative) [ɦ]
- 浊唇齿擦音 (voiced labiodental fricative) [v]
- 浊硬腭擦音 (voiced palatal fricative) [ʝ]
- 浊咽擦音 (voiced pharyngeal fricative) [ʕ]
- 浊龈后擦音 (voiced postalveolar fricative) [ʒ]
- 浊卷舌擦音 (voiced retroflex fricative) [ʐ]
- 浊小舌擦音 (voiced uvular fricative) [ʁ]
- 浊软腭擦音 (voiced velar fricative) [ɣ]
- 清齿龈擦音 (voiceless alveolar fricative) [s]
- 清齿龈边擦音 (voiceless alveolar lateral fricative) [ɬ]
- 清龈腭擦音 (voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative) [ɕ]
- 清双唇擦音 (voiceless bilabial fricative) [ɸ]
- 清齿擦音 (voiceless dental fricative) [θ]
- 清会厌擦音 (voiceless epiglottal fricative) [ʜ]
- 清喉擦音 (voiceless glottal fricative) [h]
- 清唇齿擦音 (voiceless labiodental fricative) [f]
- 清硬腭擦音 (voiceless palatal fricative) [ç]
- 清硬腭软腭擦音 (voiceless palatal-velar fricative) [ɧ] (名字有争议)
- 清咽擦音 (voiceless pharyngeal fricative) [ħ]
- 清龈后擦音 (voiceless postalveolar fricative) [ʃ]
- 清卷舌擦音 (voiceless retroflex fricative) [ʂ]
- 清小舌擦音 (voiceless uvular fricative) [χ]
- 清软腭擦音 (voiceless velar fricative) [x]
塞擦音
[编辑]近音(无擦通音)
[编辑]- 齿龈近音 (alveolar approximant) [ɹ]
- 齿龈边音 (alveolar lateral approximant) [l]
- 双唇近音 (bilabial approximant) [β̞]
- 圆唇硬腭近音 (labial-palatal approximant) [ɥ]
- 浊唇软腭近音 (voiceless labial-velar approximant) [w]
- 清唇软腭近音 (voiceless labial-velar fricative) [ʍ]
- 唇齿近音 (labiodental approximant) [ʋ]
- 硬腭近音 (palatal approximant) [j]
- 硬腭边音 (palatal lateral approximant) [ʎ]
- 卷舌近音 (retroflex approximant) [ɻ]
- 卷舌边音 (retroflex lateral approximant) [ɭ]
- 软腭近音 (velar approximant) [ɰ]
- 软腭边音 (velar lateral approximant) [ʟ]
- 软腭化齿龈边音 (velarized alveolar lateral approximant) [ɫ]
闪音(弹音)
[编辑]- 齿龈闪音 (alveolar flap) [ɾ]
- 齿龈边闪音 (alveolar lateral flap) [ɺ]
- 卷舌闪音 (retroflex flap) [ɽ]
- 唇齿闪音 (labiodental flap) [ⱱ]
颤音(滚音)
[编辑]挤喉音
[编辑]- 齿龈挤喉擦音 (alveolar ejective fricative) [sʼ]
- 齿龈挤喉音 (alveolar ejective) [tʼ]
- 双唇挤喉音 (bilabial ejective) [pʼ]
- 齿挤喉音 (dental ejective) [t̪ʼ]
- 硬腭挤喉音 (palatal ejective) [cʼ]
- 小舌挤喉音 (uvular ejective) [qʼ]
- 软腭挤喉音 (velar ejective) [kʼ]
内破音
[编辑]- 浊齿龈内破音 (voiced alveolar implosive) [ɗ]
- 浊双唇内破音 (voiced bilabial implosive) [ɓ]
- 浊齿内破音 (voiced dental implosive) [ɗ̪]
- 浊硬腭内破音 (voiced palatal implosive) [ʄ]
- 浊小舌内破音 (voiced uvular implosive) [ʛ]
- 浊软腭内破音 (voiced velar implosive) [ɠ]
搭嘴音
[编辑]- 双唇搭嘴音 (bilabial click) [ʘ]
- 齿搭嘴音 (dental click) [ǀ]
- 边搭嘴音 (lateral alveolar click) [ǁ]
- 硬腭搭嘴音 (palatal click) [ǂ]
- 齿龈搭嘴音 (postalveolar click) [ǃ]