BIOL
1 of 2
2 hours 45 minutes*
UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER
STEM CELLS
HH:MM – HH:MM DD/202 3
(2 hours 45 minutes (+15 minutes submission window))
Answer TWO questions only. Answer each question in a separate document.
Each answer should be a MAXIMUM of 3 pages of text PLUS an additional page for figures. If you
want to include figure(s) in your answers:
You can draw the figure manually; photograph or scan it; and include the electronic image in
a separate page at the end of your answer.
You can draw a figure electronically using software (e. Biorender) and include it in your
answer in a separate page at the end of your answer.
You should not include a figure published in a paper, book or website. Such figures will not be
marked.
Please indicate on your answer which question you have attempted.
FORMATTING INSTRUCTIONS:
Complete as a word-processed document using 1 line spacing, Arial font (10 pt) and
margins of 2 cm on all sides of an A4 page.
If included, Figures should be inserted into a separate page after the text.
* DASS-registered candidates will have extra time.
Information on late submissions and penalties:
Answers submitted over 60 minutes late will receive a mark of zero.
Answers submitted up to 60 minutes late will be subject to a 30 mark penalty (TBC).
A 20 mark penalty per page (or part thereof) will be applied to answers that exceed the page
limit.
A 20 mark penalty will be applied to answers that are not formatted as described above.
© The University of Manchester, 202 2
BIOL
2 of 2
Answer TWO questions only. Answer each question in a separate document.
1. You have access to patients with a dominant genetic condition that affects the
nervous system as well as other tissues. Discuss how you would investigate this
condition using stem cells? Explain the reason for the methods you have chosen.
2. Compare and contrast characteristics of embryonic stem cells with adult stem
cells. Your answer should include derivation, potency, heterogeneity, and clinical
applications in your answer.
3. Several examples of cell-mediated gene therapy have conclusively shown long
lasting efficacy and safety. Discuss why such therapies for certain genetic
diseases are effective but the majority are not and what solutions may be
available.
4. Discuss how defining cancer stem cells, understanding their resistance to
treatments and knowing about their regulation will improve cancer therapy.
5. Discuss, using examples from invertebrate models, how cell-cell contact,
diffusible growth factors from the stem cell niche, and systemic factors regulate
stem cells in vivo.
END OF EXAMINATION
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