Hong Kong has fallen to its lowest-ever position on the World Happiness Report, falling down the index for the fifth consecutive year.

The study was released on Thursday to coincide with the UN’s International Day of Happiness.

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A “Happy Hong Kong” promotion. File photo: Tom Grundy/HKFP.

The city dropped from 86th last year to 88th, sitting between Albania and Armenia. China ranked 68th, Taiwan 27th and Singapore 34th. Macau was not surveyed.

Finland, Denmark and Iceland occupied the top spots, whilst residents of Lebanon, Sierra Leone and Afghanistan were found to be the most unhappy.

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The World Happiness Report is a partnership between its editorial board and pollster Gallup, the Oxford Wellbeing Research Centre, and the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network.

Based on a Gallup World Poll, the survey asked around 1,000 people in each country to evaluate their current life as a whole using the image of a ladder, with the best possible life ranked as a 10 and the worst possible as zero. It used weights to construct population-representative national averages, with the final rankings based on the average of three years of samples.

Over 100,000 people in 140 countries and territories participated.

The Happy Hong Kong campaign
The Happy Hong Kong campaign. Photo: Kyle Lam/HKFP.

The report also cross-referenced the results along the lines of six key variables: GDP per capita, healthy life expectancy, having someone to count on, freedom to make life choices, generosity, and freedom from corruption.

See also: ‘Happy Hong Kong’ campaign to kick off with HK$30 movie tickets and food fair

“Taken together, these six variables explain more than three-quarters of the variation in national life evaluation scores across countries and years, using data from 2005 onwards,” the report said.

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Corrections:

Correction 1:30pm, 16/4/25: The countries with the least happy residents, according to the index, are Lebanon, Sierra Leone and Afghanistan, not Congo, Iran and Côte d’Ivoire, as earlier mentioned. We regret the error.

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Tom founded Hong Kong Free Press in 2015 as the city's first crowdfunded newspaper. He has a BA in Communications and New Media from Leeds University and an MA in Journalism from the University of Hong Kong. He previously founded an NGO advocating for domestic worker rights, and has contributed to the BBC, Deutsche Welle, Al-Jazeera and others.

Tom leads HKFP – raising funds, managing the team and navigating risk – whilst regularly speaking on press freedom, ethics and media funding at industry events, schools and conferences around the world.