Coastal defence (or defense) and coastal fortification are measures taken to provide protection against military attack at or near a coastline (or other shoreline), for example, fortifications and coastal artillery.
Regelbau S449 is a Bunker for Measuring post for medium and heavy coastal battery.
Würzburg radar was the primary ground-based gun laying radar for the Wehrmacht’s Luftwaffe and Heer (German Army) during World War II. Initial development took place before the war and the apparatus entered service in 1940. Eventually over 4,000 Würzburgs of various models were produced. It took its name from the city of Würzburg. At the beginning of the war, the Germans required two Battery Observation Posts to calculate the range of a target at sea. The distance between these two was known and the target’s range could therefore easily be calculated by simple trigonometry using bearings from each post. For this purpose, the German Navy built on Observation Post at Bulbjerg, 15 km. east of the big gun battery in Hanstholm. The only drawback to the system was visibility, requiring the target to be observed and assistance in bad weather or at night. For this, a Würtzburg Riese radar was set up in 1944. At the same time, a bunker (S449) was built on the top of Bulbjerg for the observations. Simultaneously, in the autumn of 1942, the German army began to build a defensive stronghold on the main road 2 km. southeast of Bulbjerg. At this point there was a natural bottleneck in the terrain through which all east/west traffic had to pass. In the stronghold, more than 25 bunkers were built to defend against infantry and tanks. The entire area was equipped with anti-tank trenches and barbed wire barriers that optimized the fire from the individual positions. Today, it is still possible to see the many bunkers and excavations and there is an exhibition in the crew bunker on the top of Bulbjerg.
The Regelbau M270 Bunker is a relatively large gun embrasure with ammunition storage rooms and a basement chamber for collection of used shells.
Plan the base of our bunker of the M270 naval artillery for seul canon. Protected shooting position 120 °. The Regelbau 270 is a relatively frequency standardized construction in the Atlantic Wall battery positions. This bunker Type was designed by the Heere for ‘The army’. This bunker Type is part of the Regelbau program in the second world war. 360 camera using insta360 ONE R Twin Edition transforms on the fly from a 360 cam to a 4K 60fps wide-angle shooter. You’ll always have the right tool to capture the action
this Hospital Bunker have after 75 years it still has Glow Paint on the wall, so you can see in the dark if there is a power outage power failure.
this bunker is from second world war of type Regelbau 639, it’s a Large dressing station (Medical) also known as big Hospital Bunker, it’s German standard design for Sanitary Bunkers. luminous painting still glows in the dark – after so many years a somewhat eerie sight.
this bunker is a Regelbau Type L480 this is a Radar Bunker for FuMG Wassermann S Radar, The Wassermann S was mounted on a L 480 bunker.
Regelbau L480 with Wassermann FuMG 402 type radar. The Wassermann radar is a German radar from the Second World War. It is a long-range version of a Freya radar equipped with a large vertical antenna which could direct the beam very precisely up to 300 km. This radar, which emitted in a wavelength around 2.4 meters, entered into service in 1942 and around 150 were built The standard for this type of the blockhouse construction has become known as L480. The radar antenna consisted of a 40 meters tall steel cylinder with mounted antennae. This type of radar carried the name Wassermann S for Schwer (heavy). This enabled the management of approaching airplanes in the airspace within a range of 300 kilometers The Wasserman radar was an early-warning radar built by Germany during World War II. The radar was a development of FuMG 80 Freya and was operated during World War II for long range detection. It was developed under the direction of Theodor Schultes, beginning in 1942. Wasserman was based on largely unchanged Freya electronics, but used an entirely new antenna array in order to improve range, height-finding and bearing precision. Seven different versions were developed. The two most important versions are: The radio measurement equipment FuMG.41 Wassermann L (German: Leicht = light) was a constellation of four Freya antennas on top of each other, mounted on a 40-metre-high (130 ft) rotatable steel lattice mast. A later version was the FuMG.42 Wassermann S (German: Schwer = heavy). For this eight Freya antenna arrays were mounted on a 60-metre-high (200 ft) pipe mast in two columns, each four antennae high. The combination of the antennae in this way resulted in a concentration of the radiated energy to a smaller beam, thus resulting in a higher radiated power in the main direction (Effective Radiated Power = ERP), without increasing the transmitter power. The result was a longer range. With the L-version the horizontal opening angle of the antenna array remained the same, but the vertical opening angle was reduced (so flatter radiation pattern). Because the horizontal opening angle was not changed, the bearing measuring performance was not changed. With the S-version also the horizontal opening angle was reduced, with a better bearing resolution as a result. Freya was an early warning radar deployed by Germany during World War II; it was named after the Norse Goddess Freyja. During the war, over a thousand stations were built. A naval version operating on a slightly different wavelength was also developed as the Seetakt. First tests of what would become the “Freya” were conducted in early 1937, with initial delivery of an operational radar to the Kriegsmarine in 1938 by the GEMA company. Freya supported an early version of Identification friend or foe (IFF). Aircraft equipped with the FuG 25a “Erstling” IFF system could be successfully queried across ranges of over 100 km. The “AN” version gained a switchable phasing line for the antenna. Switching in the phasing line led to a phase displacement of the antenna’s radiation pattern and with that, a squinting to the left or right. This enabled the system in effect to switch from the rather broad “scanning for maxima” to narrow lobe switching. In that mode, a skilled operator could achieve an angular resolution of 0.1°. The Freya radar was more advanced than its British counterpart, Chain Home. Freya operated on a 1.2 m (3.9 ft) wavelength (250 MHz) while Chain Home used 12 m. This allowed Freya to use a much smaller antenna system, one that was easier to rotate, move and position. It also offered higher resolution, allowing it to detect smaller targets. Because of its complex design, only eight Freya stations were operational when the war started, resulting in large gaps between the covered areas. The British Chain Home radar, although less advanced and more prone to errors, was simpler, which meant that the complete Chain Home network was in place in time for the Battle of Britain.
Atlantikwall Regelbau M184 – Bunker With Emplacement for 15 cm SK C/28 in Drh LC/34 Naval Turret From battlecruiser “Gneisenau” in World War 2 used as coast-defense guns after the war in HAWK Battery Stevns Fort, Denmark.
Artillery position m184 bunker, fitted with an armored double turret (2 x 150mm) from the cannibalized battlecruiser “Gneisenau”. At operation Cerberus in 1942, The Gneisenau along with Scarnhorst and Printz Eugen, broke through the English Channel from Brest in France to German Harbours. In this operation, the Gneisenau was damaged by a mine. It was to be repaired in Kiel, but against all rules, it was not emptied for ammunition before docking. During this docking the ship was hit by an air attack, and a bomb exploded in the 280 mm front triple revolving gun turret A. The explosion destroyed the entire front of the ship and 112 men were killed. In 1943 Hitler ordered (Führerbefehl) that all heavy ships, from light cruisers and onwards, should be demolished. He was not satisfied with their efforts. Because of this “Führerbefehl, the artillery were removed from the heavy units and used as the armament on the Atlantic Wall. neisenau itself was sunk as a block- ship in the harbour of Gotenhaven (Gdynia) It was scrapped by the Poles after the war. The two turrets from the Stevns Fort were originally placed on the north part of the western Danish island Fanoe as The Graadyb Battery. (Batteri Graadyb). In 1952 the turrets were moved from Fanoe to their current position on the Stevns Fort. The 15 cm SK C/28 was a German medium-caliber naval gun used during the Second World War. It served as the secondary armament for the Bismarck class and Scharnhorst-class battleships, Deutschland-class cruisers and the Graf Zeppelin-class aircraft carriers. A number of surplus weapons were used as coast-defense guns and eight were adapted to use Army carriages and used as heavy field guns as the 15 cm Schiffskanone C/28 in Mörserlafette. Turret is Originally the guns were placed as secondary armament on the WW2 German pocket battleship Gneisenau of the Gneisenau/Scarnhorst class. History of the Naval Turret Surplus naval mountings were used to reinforce German coast defenses from Norway to the French Atlantic coast. These included guns from incomplete or disarmed ships like the aircraft carrier Graf Zeppelin or the battleship Gneisenau. For example, three or four of the Graf Zeppelin’s Dopp MPL C/36 mounts equipped both batteries of Naval Artillery Battalion (Marine-Artillerie-Abteilung) 517 at Cap Romanov near Petsamo, Finland while two of the Gneisenau’s Drh. LC/34 mounts were emplaced on the west coast of Denmark at Esbjerg where they equipped Batterie Gneisenau of Naval Artillery Battalion 518. All told, a total of 111 SK C/28 guns were employed on coast defense duties in a variety of mounts, 12 in Denmark. Surviving guns in Denmark were used throughout the Cold War by both countries.
Regelbau 639, grosser Sanitätsunterstand, a field hospital bunker. Many of them were on the Atlantic wall in France, denmark.
this bunker is from second world war of type Regelbau 639, it’s a Large dressing station ( Medical Bunker ) also known as big Hospital Bunker, it’s German standard design for Sanitary Bunkers.
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha – Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control “Bertha” in English. The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors. A night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night. During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful. Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha – Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control “Bertha” in English. The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors. The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night. During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful. Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
Atlantikwall Regelbau 666 bunker Type is Infantry observation post (Beobachtungsstände) with small turret from the second world war, the iron turret have be removed, blasted the turret off. Using DJI Mavic Mini Drone – DJIMini This bunker Type was designed by the Luftwaffe for ‘German Air Force’. how is a Regelbau Before and during World War II, the Wehrmacht built several standardised bunkers and weapon positions in Germany and German-occupied countries. These buildings were called Regelbau, i.e. standardised buildings. The Regelbau (German for “standard design”) were a series of standardised bunker designs built in large numbers by the Germans in the Siegfried Line (German: Westwall) and the Atlantic Wall as part of their defensive fortifications prior to and during the Second World War. Following the occupation of German territories west of the Rhine, fortress engineers began the construction of the Siegfried Line in 1936. In doing so they were able to benefit from their earlier experience of bunker construction. In compliance with the Versailles Treaty, they had already built the Wetterau-Main-Tauber position and Neckar-Enz position before 1936. When, in 1936, construction started on the Siegfried Line itself, they were able at the outset to utilize designs from the two earlier fortifications. From these existing plans, fortress pioneers rapidly developed improved bunkers that were built from 1937. This building phase was named the Engineer Construction Programme and was characterized by bunkers built to B1 standard thicknesses (see above). Since the thickness of these structures was soon considered to be too weak and because there was a large number Regelbau designs (and hence confusion), new types were developed and implemented from 1938. These new designs were achieved largely by simplifying and reducing the number of Regelbau types. This new building phase was called the Limes Programme. Development of Regelbau designs from 1936 to 1940 The fortress engineers were no longer in charge of construction; instead Organization Todt (OT) took over, promising Hitler it would deliver the number of structures he wanted. Plans for the Limes Programme did not envisage the inclusion of the cities of Aachen and Saarbrücken and they therefore ended up in front of the planned line of fortifications. That changed in 1939 with the Aachen-Saar Programme. From 1939, yet more new Regelbau bunkers were designed for the construction programme that saw increases in the construction thicknesses. From then on, only bunkers that met the in “B new” and “A” standards were to be built. With the outbreak of the Second World War on 1 September 1939, priorities for the construction of the Siegfried Line changed. The renewed shortage of raw materials led to the development of a new series of Regelbau designs, the so-called wartime standard designs or Kriegsregelbauten. After the “lavish” Regelbauten of the Aachen-Saar Programme, the final construction phase was dominated by massive financial constraints. For example, observation cupolas and flank firing positions were no longer provided and the rooms were smaller. Expansion of construction projects from 1941 to 1944 In 1940 work was ordered on a number of construction projects in Western Europe. Amongst the first were the Dover Strait guns begun in July 1940 and included Todt Battery. Building began in February 1941 on the Saint-Nazaire submarine base Following the first effective commando raid in March 1941 Operation Claymore and with the planning of Operation Barbarossa, Hitler decided in June 1941 to strengthen the west against possible attacks. The Channel Islands were chosen to become major fortifications, followed in 1942 with the order to build the Atlantic Wall. A mass of equipment was needed, cement, sand, gravel and steel to construct the concrete fortifications, weapons and armour plate for defence and hundreds of thousands of workers. To offset shortages, equipment from French and other occupied armies were incorporated in the defences, casemates designed for non-german artillery, anti tank and machine guns and the use of turrets from obsolete tanks in tobrukstand pill boxes (tobruk pits). The labour came from an expansion of the Organisation Todt, who contracted with building construction companies from Germany and occupied countries to undertake the work. The OT provided them with equipment, supervisors and labour. Labour comprised skilled volunteers, engineers, designers and supervisors, who were paid and treated well, second came volunteer workers, often skilled technicians, such as carpenters, plumbers, electricians and metal workers, again these workers were paid, took holidays and were well treated. Next came unskilled forced labour, paid very little and treated quite harshly, lastly came effective slave labour, paid so little, badly fed and treated very harshly. #Atlantikwall#Regelbau#Bunker
Atlantikwall Regelbau 666 bunker Type is Infantry observation post (Beobachtungsstände) with small turret from the second world war, the iron turret have be removed, blasted the turret off. Using DJI Mavic Mini Drone – DJIMini This bunker Type was designed by the Luftwaffe for ‘German Air Force’. how is a Regelbau Before and during World War II, the Wehrmacht built several standardised bunkers and weapon positions in Germany and German-occupied countries. These buildings were called Regelbau, i.e. standardised buildings. The Regelbau (German for “standard design”) were a series of standardised bunker designs built in large numbers by the Germans in the Siegfried Line (German: Westwall) and the Atlantic Wall as part of their defensive fortifications prior to and during the Second World War. Following the occupation of German territories west of the Rhine, fortress engineers began the construction of the Siegfried Line in 1936. In doing so they were able to benefit from their earlier experience of bunker construction. In compliance with the Versailles Treaty, they had already built the Wetterau-Main-Tauber position and Neckar-Enz position before 1936. When, in 1936, construction started on the Siegfried Line itself, they were able at the outset to utilize designs from the two earlier fortifications. From these existing plans, fortress pioneers rapidly developed improved bunkers that were built from 1937. This building phase was named the Engineer Construction Programme and was characterized by bunkers built to B1 standard thicknesses (see above). Since the thickness of these structures was soon considered to be too weak and because there was a large number Regelbau designs (and hence confusion), new types were developed and implemented from 1938. These new designs were achieved largely by simplifying and reducing the number of Regelbau types. This new building phase was called the Limes Programme. Development of Regelbau designs from 1936 to 1940 The fortress engineers were no longer in charge of construction; instead Organization Todt (OT) took over, promising Hitler it would deliver the number of structures he wanted. Plans for the Limes Programme did not envisage the inclusion of the cities of Aachen and Saarbrücken and they therefore ended up in front of the planned line of fortifications. That changed in 1939 with the Aachen-Saar Programme. From 1939, yet more new Regelbau bunkers were designed for the construction programme that saw increases in the construction thicknesses. From then on, only bunkers that met the in “B new” and “A” standards were to be built. With the outbreak of the Second World War on 1 September 1939, priorities for the construction of the Siegfried Line changed. The renewed shortage of raw materials led to the development of a new series of Regelbau designs, the so-called wartime standard designs or Kriegsregelbauten. After the “lavish” Regelbauten of the Aachen-Saar Programme, the final construction phase was dominated by massive financial constraints. For example, observation cupolas and flank firing positions were no longer provided and the rooms were smaller. Expansion of construction projects from 1941 to 1944 In 1940 work was ordered on a number of construction projects in Western Europe. Amongst the first were the Dover Strait guns begun in July 1940 and included Todt Battery. Building began in February 1941 on the Saint-Nazaire submarine base Following the first effective commando raid in March 1941 Operation Claymore and with the planning of Operation Barbarossa, Hitler decided in June 1941 to strengthen the west against possible attacks. The Channel Islands were chosen to become major fortifications, followed in 1942 with the order to build the Atlantic Wall. A mass of equipment was needed, cement, sand, gravel and steel to construct the concrete fortifications, weapons and armour plate for defence and hundreds of thousands of workers. To offset shortages, equipment from French and other occupied armies were incorporated in the defences, casemates designed for non-german artillery, anti tank and machine guns and the use of turrets from obsolete tanks in tobrukstand pill boxes (tobruk pits). The labour came from an expansion of the Organisation Todt, who contracted with building construction companies from Germany and occupied countries to undertake the work. The OT provided them with equipment, supervisors and labour. Labour comprised skilled volunteers, engineers, designers and supervisors, who were paid and treated well, second came volunteer workers, often skilled technicians, such as carpenters, plumbers, electricians and metal workers, again these workers were paid, took holidays and were well treated. Next came unskilled forced labour, paid very little and treated quite harshly, lastly came effective slave labour, paid so little, badly fed and treated very harshly. #Atlantikwall#Regelbau#Bunker
Atlantikwall Regelbau S174 is a Heavy Ammunition depot Bunker for 38/40,6cm battery also known as Ammunition Bunker (Unterstände für Munition). This bunker Type was designed by the Kriegsmarine for ‘German Navy’. This bunker Type is part of the Regelbau program in the second world war. how is a Regelbau Before and during World War II, the Wehrmacht built several standardised bunkers and weapon positions in Germany and German-occupied countries. These buildings were called Regelbau, i.e. standardised buildings. The Regelbau (German for “standard design”) were a series of standardised bunker designs built in large numbers by the Germans in the Siegfried Line (German: Westwall) and the Atlantic Wall as part of their defensive fortifications prior to and during the Second World War. Following the occupation of German territories west of the Rhine, fortress engineers began the construction of the Siegfried Line in 1936. In doing so they were able to benefit from their earlier experience of bunker construction. In compliance with the Versailles Treaty, they had already built the Wetterau-Main-Tauber position and Neckar-Enz position before 1936. When, in 1936, construction started on the Siegfried Line itself, they were able at the outset to utilize designs from the two earlier fortifications. From these existing plans, fortress pioneers rapidly developed improved bunkers that were built from 1937. This building phase was named the Engineer Construction Programme and was characterized by bunkers built to B1 standard thicknesses (see above). Since the thickness of these structures was soon considered to be too weak and because there was a large number Regelbau designs (and hence confusion), new types were developed and implemented from 1938. These new designs were achieved largely by simplifying and reducing the number of Regelbau types. This new building phase was called the Limes Programme. Development of Regelbau designs from 1936 to 1940 The fortress engineers were no longer in charge of construction; instead Organization Todt (OT) took over, promising Hitler it would deliver the number of structures he wanted. Plans for the Limes Programme did not envisage the inclusion of the cities of Aachen and Saarbrücken and they therefore ended up in front of the planned line of fortifications. That changed in 1939 with the Aachen-Saar Programme. From 1939, yet more new Regelbau bunkers were designed for the construction programme that saw increases in the construction thicknesses. From then on, only bunkers that met the in “B new” and “A” standards were to be built. With the outbreak of the Second World War on 1 September 1939, priorities for the construction of the Siegfried Line changed. The renewed shortage of raw materials led to the development of a new series of Regelbau designs, the so-called wartime standard designs or Kriegsregelbauten. After the “lavish” Regelbauten of the Aachen-Saar Programme, the final construction phase was dominated by massive financial constraints. For example, observation cupolas and flank firing positions were no longer provided and the rooms were smaller. Expansion of construction projects from 1941 to 1944 In 1940 work was ordered on a number of construction projects in Western Europe. Amongst the first were the Dover Strait guns begun in July 1940 and included Todt Battery. Building began in February 1941 on the Saint-Nazaire submarine base Following the first effective commando raid in March 1941 Operation Claymore and with the planning of Operation Barbarossa, Hitler decided in June 1941 to strengthen the west against possible attacks. The Channel Islands were chosen to become major fortifications, followed in 1942 with the order to build the Atlantic Wall. A mass of equipment was needed, cement, sand, gravel and steel to construct the concrete fortifications, weapons and armour plate for defence and hundreds of thousands of workers. To offset shortages, equipment from French and other occupied armies were incorporated in the defences, casemates designed for non-german artillery, anti tank and machine guns and the use of turrets from obsolete tanks in tobrukstand pill boxes (tobruk pits). The labour came from an expansion of the Organisation Todt, who contracted with building construction companies from Germany and occupied countries to undertake the work. The OT provided them with equipment, supervisors and labour. Labour comprised skilled volunteers, engineers, designers and supervisors, who were paid and treated well, second came volunteer workers, often skilled technicians, such as carpenters, plumbers, electricians and metal workers, again these workers were paid, took holidays and were well treated. Next came unskilled forced labour, paid very little and treated quite harshly, lastly came effective slave labour, paid so little, badly fed and treated very harshly. #Atlantikwall#Regelbau#Bunker
Atlantikwall Regelbau Fl246 – Ammunition depot for heavy Flak Battery – also known as Ammunition Bunker (Unterstände für Munition). Using the new Insta360 ONE R Twin Edition 360 camera. more info about this bunker after the Second World War this bunker was blown up. This bunker Type was designed by the Kriegsmarine for ‘German Navy’. This bunker Type is part of the Regelbau program in the second world war. how is a Regelbau Before and during World War II, the Wehrmacht built several standardised bunkers and weapon positions in Germany and German-occupied countries. These buildings were called Regelbau, i.e. standardised buildings. The Regelbau (German for “standard design”) were a series of standardised bunker designs built in large numbers by the Germans in the Siegfried Line (German: Westwall) and the Atlantic Wall as part of their defensive fortifications prior to and during the Second World War. Following the occupation of German territories west of the Rhine, fortress engineers began the construction of the Siegfried Line in 1936. In doing so they were able to benefit from their earlier experience of bunker construction. In compliance with the Versailles Treaty, they had already built the Wetterau-Main-Tauber position and Neckar-Enz position before 1936. When, in 1936, construction started on the Siegfried Line itself, they were able at the outset to utilize designs from the two earlier fortifications. From these existing plans, fortress pioneers rapidly developed improved bunkers that were built from 1937. This building phase was named the Engineer Construction Programme and was characterized by bunkers built to B1 standard thicknesses (see above). Since the thickness of these structures was soon considered to be too weak and because there was a large number Regelbau designs (and hence confusion), new types were developed and implemented from 1938. These new designs were achieved largely by simplifying and reducing the number of Regelbau types. This new building phase was called the Limes Programme. Development of Regelbau designs from 1936 to 1940 The fortress engineers were no longer in charge of construction; instead Organization Todt (OT) took over, promising Hitler it would deliver the number of structures he wanted. Plans for the Limes Programme did not envisage the inclusion of the cities of Aachen and Saarbrücken and they therefore ended up in front of the planned line of fortifications. That changed in 1939 with the Aachen-Saar Programme. From 1939, yet more new Regelbau bunkers were designed for the construction programme that saw increases in the construction thicknesses. From then on, only bunkers that met the in “B new” and “A” standards were to be built. With the outbreak of the Second World War on 1 September 1939, priorities for the construction of the Siegfried Line changed. The renewed shortage of raw materials led to the development of a new series of Regelbau designs, the so-called wartime standard designs or Kriegsregelbauten. After the “lavish” Regelbauten of the Aachen-Saar Programme, the final construction phase was dominated by massive financial constraints. For example, observation cupolas and flank firing positions were no longer provided and the rooms were smaller. #Atlantikwall#Regelbau#Bunker
Atlantikwall Regelbau S75 & S80 – 38 cm S.K.C/34 Naval Gun – The Adolf Gun Bunker. S75 is the ammunition depot of the Bunker and The S80 is the for machine room and room for crew. The 38 cm SK C/34 naval gun was developed by Germany mid to late 1930s. It armed the Bismarck-class battleships and was planned as the armament of the O-class battlecruisers and the re-armed Scharnhorst-class battleships. Six twin-gun mountings were also sold to the Soviet Union and it was planned to use them on the Kronshtadt-class battlecruisers, however they were never delivered. Spare guns were used as coastal artillery in Denmark, Norway and France. One gun is currently on display at Møvig Fortress outside Kristiansand. Ammunition It used the standard German naval system of ammunition where the base charge was held in a metallic cartridge case and supplemented by another charge in a silk bag. Both cartridges were rammed together. Propellant charge Main charge: 38 cm HuelsKart34 – GefLdG – 108 kg (238 lb) RPC 38 (16/7) Fore charge: 38 cm VorKart34 – GefLdG – 104 kg (229 lb) RPC 38 (16/7) Shell Four types of shells were used by the 38 cm SK C/34 although the Siegfried-Granate could only be used by the coast defense versions. Almost 40 percent lighter, this latter shell could be fired with a reduced charge at 920 metres per second (3,000 ft/s) out to 40 kilometres (44,000 yd). With a full charge it reached 1,050 metres per second (3,400 ft/s) and could travel 55.7 kilometres (60,900 yd) – over 34 miles. Naval gun The data given is according to Krupp datasheet 38 cm S.K.C/34 e WA52-453(e). This gun was mounted in pairs in the Drh.L. C/34e turret which allowed elevation from -5° 30′ to +30°. Each gun had an individual cradle, spaced 3.5 metres (11 ft) apart, but they were normally coupled together. In general the turret was hydraulically powered, but the training gear, auxiliary elevation, auxiliary hoists and some loading gear was electrically powered. The turrets weighed 1,048 tonnes (1,031 long tons; 1,155 short tons) to 1,056 tonnes (1,039 long tons; 1,164 short tons), rested on ball bearings on a 8.75 metres (28.7 ft) diameter track, could elevate 6° per second and traverse 5.4° per second. The guns were loaded at +2.5° and used a telescoping chain-operated rammer. According to German manuals the required permanent capacity for the loading equipment for ammunition was 2.5 shells per minute. During testing period at the Baltic Sea the AVKS Report states an output of the ammunition delivery system up to 3.125 shells per minute. Under battle conditions Bismarck averaged roughly one round per minute in her battle with HMS Hood and Prince of Wales. These guns were modified with a larger chamber for coast defense duties to handle the increased amount of propellant used for the special long-range Siegfried shells. Gander and Chamberlain quote a weight of 105.3 tonnes (103.6 long tons; 116.1 short tons) for these guns, presumably accounting for the extra volume of the enlarged chamber. An armored single mount, the Bettungsschiessgerüst (“Firing platform”) C/39 was used by these guns. It had a maximum elevation of 60° and could traverse up to 360°, depending on the emplacement. The C/39 mount had two compartments; the upper housed the guns and their loading equipment, while the lower contained the ammunition hoists, their motors, and the elevation and traverse motors. The mount was fully powered and had an underground magazine. Normally these were placed in open concrete barbettes, relying on their armor, but Hitler thought that there was not enough protection for the guns of Battery Todt emplaced on Cap-Gris-Nez in the Pas de Calais near Wimereux and ordered a concrete casemate 3.5 m (11 ft) thick built over and around the mounts. This had the unfortunate effect of limiting their traverse to 120°. Other C/39 mounts were installed at the Hanstholm fortress in Denmark, and the Vara fortress in Kristiansand, Norway. Four Drh LC/34 turrets, three of which were originally intended to re-arm the Gneisenau and one completed to the Soviet order, modified for land service, were planned to be emplaced at Paimpol, Brittany and on the Cap de la Hague on the Cotentin Peninsula, but construction never actually began. Construction for two of those turrets was well underway at Blaavand-Oksby, Denmark when the war ended. how is a Regelbau Before and during World War II, the Wehrmacht built several standardised bunkers and weapon positions in Germany and German-occupied countries. These buildings were called Regelbau, i.e. standardised buildings. The Regelbau (German for “standard design”) were a series of standardised bunker designs built in large numbers by the Germans in the Siegfried Line (German: Westwall) and the Atlantic Wall as part of their defensive fortifications prior to and during the Second World War.
Atlantikwall Regelbau S75 & S80 – 38 cm S.K.C/34 Naval Gun – Insta360 ONE R Twin Edition. S75 is the ammunition depot of the Bunker and The S80 is the for machine room and room for crew. Using the new Insta360 ONE R Twin Edition 360 camera. The guns of battery “Hanstholm II” had the name 38 cm S.K.C/34. They were completely modern guns, which were developed to be fitted onto German warships of the “Bismarck” class. Finished gun turret, summer 1941. The massive gantry cran, which could lift up to 150 tonnes, is still in place above the turret. (Marineschule Mürwik). The guns were produced by Krupp, Essen. The guns in Hanstholm bore the numbers of production 70, 71, 74 and 75. Section drawing of a 38-cm gun turet in the gun pit. The gun barrels alone weighed 110 tonnes, and were nearly 20 metres long. The naval guns were delivered without turrets; instead they were set up in land turrets, Bettungsschiesgerüst C/39, which were both cheaper and simpler than those fitted to ships. In principle, the land turret was a large armoured shed, that housed the rear end of the gun with the breach and loading gear. The turret itself weighed 540 tons. Year of design: 1934 Weight of piece: 110.000 kg Weight of gun in position: 650.000 kg Length of piece: 19,6 m Max range: 55.000/42.000 m Projectile weight: 495/800 kg Muzzle velocity: 820/1050 m/s Rate of fire: 1 shot per 1,5 minute Gun turret seen from the gun pit. The Framework for the camouflage nets is clearly seen. Unlike gun turrets mounted on ships, land turrets did not cover the entire firing pit. This made the large firing pit vulnerable to bombardments, especially from the air. In addition, the turret’s armour was only 5 cm thick, so it only protected the gun and gunners against shrapnel and small arms fire. On ship´s turrets, guns of the same type had armour plating as much as 36 cm thick. An electric motor was used to adjust the guns traverse ansd range, though in an emergency this could be done by hand. Loading, on the other hand, was manual and called for a team of 12 strong men. Normering af bemanding af 38 kanon, 1941 After firing, the barrel of the 38-cm gun had to be cleaned, which was very hard work, 1941. The standard shells weighed 800 kg, but could only be fired as far as 42 km. To achieve the maximum range of 55 km, a lighter 495 kg shell was used. It took these shells just over two minutes to travel their maximum range. The guns were able to fire a shot every 90 seconds. From time to time practice firings took place using narrower practice barrels,which were placed inside the large gun barrel and took 12,7 cm shells. This procedure was used to save the highly expensive main gun barrels, which were subject to wear every time they were fired; the inner lining of the barrels had to be renewed after approx 286 shots. The 38 cm guns were scrapped in 1951-52 and melted down. #Atlantikwall#Regelbau#Bunker
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 – Commando Bunker for Night-fighter Control Code Name Bertha. This bunker Type was designed by the Luftwaffe for ‘German Air Force’. This bunker Type is part of the Regelbau program in the second world war. This bunker is today on the beach, and it is with great danger to acces it. It is in two storages, and the lower floor is filled with water. Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control “Bertha” in English. The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors. A night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night. During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful. Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 – Bertha Commando Bunker for Night-fighter Control. This bunker Type was designed by the Luftwaffe for ‘German Air Force’. This bunker Type is part of the Regelbau program in the second world war. This bunker is today on the beach, and it is with great danger to acces it. It is in two storages, and the lower floor is filled with water. Regelbau L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control “Bertha” in English. The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors. German World War II night fighter aces A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat. German day and night fighter pilots claimed roughly 70,000 aerial victories during World War II, 25,000 over British or American and 45,000 over Soviet flown aircraft. 103 German fighter pilots shot down more than 100 enemy aircraft for a total of roughly 15,400 aerial victories. Roughly a further 360 pilots claimed between 40 and 100 aerial victories for round about 21,000 victories. Another 500 fighter pilots claimed between 20 and 40 victories for a total of 15,000 victories. According to Obermeier, it is relatively certain, that 2,500 German fighter pilots attained ace status, having achieved at least 5 aerial victories. 453 German day and Zerstörer (destroyer) pilots received the Knight’s Cross of the Iron Cross. 85 night fighter pilots, including 14 crew members, were awarded the Knight’s Cross of the Iron Cross. The list is sorted by the number of aerial victories claimed at night. Due to the worsening war situation for Germany and Luftwaffe policies, night fighter aces remained in frontline roles until they were killed or wounded in combat or no longer capable of flying due to exhaustion. It is generally accepted fact that WW2 fighter pilots tend to have an excessive claim rate. By using data of RAF Bomber Command aircraft losses and comparing it to claims Luftwaffe night fighter pilots it’s obvious that night fighter pilots seemed to have had much less over claims than day fighter pilots. #Atlantikwall#Regelbau#Bunker
After the war this Regelbau 634 bunker was used by the electricity company. Armoured copula with six embrasures for machine guns. The sides of the copula are 25 cm thick. The muzzle of the machine gun was mounted in a ball head which fitted exactly into the embrasures. When the embrasures were not in use, they could be closed with heavy shutters. The hole in the top of the copula was for a periscope for surveying the terrain around the bunker. The copula is part of a type Regelbau 634 bunker. The copula is 25 cm thick, whereas the walls and ceiling are 2 m thick and offered the soldiers good protection against bombardment. In the bunker was an ammunition room and bunks for the crew of nine soldiers. In the Iron tower there was a shooter and a helper to operate the MG 34 machine gun, which was mounted on a special foot (M.G.-Schartenlafette 34 Ks) and with the round armor attachment locked so that there were armor in the shooting cut, In the middle of the tower was a periscope so that it could be observed in all directions. mounted in a special condition, so that there were armor in the shooting cut. This bunker Type was designed by the Heere for ‘The army’. This bunker Type is part of the Regelbau program in the second world war.’
After the war this Regelbau 634 bunker was used by the electricity company. Armoured copula with six embrasures for machine guns. The sides of the copula are 25 cm thick. The muzzle of the machine gun was mounted in a ball head which fitted exactly into the embrasures. When the embrasures were not in use, they could be closed with heavy shutters. The hole in the top of the copula was for a periscope for surveying the terrain around the bunker. The copula is part of a type Regelbau 634 bunker. The copula is 25 cm thick, whereas the walls and ceiling are 2 m thick and offered the soldiers good protection against bombardment. In the bunker was an ammunition room and bunks for the crew of nine soldiers. In the Iron tower there was a shooter and a helper to operate the MG 34 machine gun, which was mounted on a special foot (M.G.-Schartenlafette 34 Ks) and with the round armor attachment locked so that there were armor in the shooting cut, In the middle of the tower was a periscope so that it could be observed in all directions. mounted in a special condition, so that there were armor in the shooting cut. This bunker Type was designed by the Heere for ‘The army’. This bunker Type is part of the Regelbau program in the second world war.
Coastal defence and fortification – Bunker – Coastal defence (or defense) and coastal fortification are measures taken to provide protection against military attack at or near a coastline (or other shoreline), for example, fortifications and coastal artillery.
