do not redeem good saar. Pls retype the code into wechat and we will begin transfering you the infinite primo gem genshin software boost apk files. We need at least 5 gift card code for android apk primo gem software packages.

Thank you kind saars.

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I need some help
>while back, switch to Linux for good fromW indows 10
>W10 never gave serious warning about my Archiving HDD (mostly RAW photo files)
>linux rings all bells, SMART, device failure imminent, etc.
>decide to use my clone cradle to port
>clone cradle never goes beyond 25% progress
>give up
>bring to computer store
>offer software saving
>week later, say they couldnt save anything because of too many faulty sectors
>but the copied palte had the same storage space statement (implying all data was copied)
>plug copied drive into PC
>lots of empty folders
>many images wont load meta data
>other images wont open because "file format not supported" (lie)
>am thoroughly convinced that the majority of files is still intact, just the reading somehow inhibited
Is there a way to force open the iamge anyway some other way or restore them?
Hardware salvaging costs 900 euroshekels and what's really important is the Photos, which seem to be alright according to Darktable (I havent opened every single one of them)

>>107611445
>am thoroughly convinced that the majority of files is still intact,
convinced by what?
>the copied palte had the same storage space statement (implying all data was copied)
Erm, nope, that's not how it works. Consider that your data are utterly corrupted and opening the files one by one is the only way to check if they are fine.

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All the guides for switching back to the Nouveau driver involve simply uninstalling the proprietary driver. I don't wanna do that, as I just wanna temporarily switch between drivers to do some benchmarking. Is there a non-destructive way to switch back to nouveau?

when did you realize linux was a meme and go back to windows?

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I can't get anything out of a DVD, which does have real data on it, even when using two different Linux computers (both can read CDs and DVDs).

I copied a VHS to a DVD using this setup: VHS player's video out -> DVD player / recorder's video in -> burn to DVD. With the DVD player / recorder's video out I can watch the video on the DVD on a television, but in
- computer 1 (Arch Linux): "sudo xxd /dev/sr0" = "Input/output error"
- computer 2 (Debian-based): "sudo xxd /dev/sr0" = "" = it sees it as completely empty

I doubt anyone here has experience with this specific hardware -- "PyeVideo PY90DG" or "Pye Video PY 90DG" -- but I'm asking anyways. I recorded a television program from like 1991 which I can't find any video of on the Internet. As far as I know, I'm the only one who has this recording; I just see records online that this did air in the 1990s, but no video. (BTW, I didn't see that this thing was a bit dirty until looking at pic related that I took.)

Woah, Firefox has split-tabs now. I know Vivaldi has had that forever but that's a game changer.

>>107611669
>convinced by what?
In almost all cases where photo files are unopenable, they are ALL in the same folder pertaining to the date they were taken. While almost all openable files are also in the same folder together.
This applies to screenshot folders created by Steam as well.
Not the this doesnt mean they were all copied onto the plate that day. Most commonly in batches of several weeks or months.

>>107611698
You can have both installed. Drivers are loaded as kernel modules. You can blacklist the proprietary driver at boot then load the nouveau driver and vice versa. If you have a second GPU you can do it without rebooting, to do this, make sure nothing is using the Nvidia GPU, then unload and load modules with 'modprobe -r' and 'modprobe' commands respectively.

>>107611769
It's also had vertical tabs for a while too.

>>107611786
Yeah, I know about that but I don't care about that because it's a shitty implementation that forces the minimum width of the viewport to be increased so if you have a small window (think chatbox sized) it ends up way bigger than it should be.

Horizontal tabs for me. Split-tabs seems genuinely useful though.

>>107611735
This was true before windows became an "agentic" OS, microsoft basically shot themselves in the head and now I'm never going back.

>>107611773
anon, files do not exist inside of folders on a disk. That's just a bit of metadata.
Some files can be screwded despite being in the same folder as files that are fine.

>>107611817
Indeed, it's all just inodes that reference an internal block of metadata and data that the filesystem manages. Indeed, you can even have the same file with the exact same reference stored in multiple folders even thanks to hardlinks.

>"man SSHFS is awesome, encrypted, secure, don't need to set up anything, why do people bother with anything else"
>server goes down
>

kern  :err   : [ +28.032929] INFO: task dolphin:1840 blocked for more than 122 seconds.
kern  :err   : [  +0.000004] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.
kern  :info  : [  +0.000003] task:dolphin         state:D stack:0     pid:1840  tgid:1840  ppid:1342   flags:0x00004006

>editor also stuck on a file from sshfs
>both unkillable even with -9
>kill sshfs fuse daemon, everything else exits and back to normal
Welp. That might be why.

>>107611856
This happens with every network filesystem. It's why people use things like Autofs to try to work-around it but ultimately you need that server to stay online if you don't want file operations to hang like that.

>>107611445
Are you using an external drive (from BestBuy?) or an internal one? How many years was the warranty on it when you bought it? I know for sure that some HDD models are terrible chink shit, made in China or something. I'm curious to know what brand and model of HDD you were using.

>Archiving HDD
You can call it that but it doesn't mean it is. Unless your HDD is synced everyday to one or two other HDDs, or you use a ZFS mirror pool, then isn't an "archiving HDD". I have an "Archiving HDD", which is a mirrored zpool of two hard drives: protects against single-disk failure but not multi-disk failure.

>Hardware salvaging costs 900 euroshekels
I know that feel. That's rough dude. I've had multiple HDDs die on me. Two or three of them had/have stuff which I "really care about"; cost like 1000 USD to fix those shitty HDD models, and maybe I'll never pay that to do that.

>>107611752
MakeMKV in the Arch computer didn't work. I tried that ~yesterday. I successfully installed MakeMKV but it said something like "no usable optical drives".

Perhaps PyeVideo PY90DG is doing some weird things or using nonstandard formats which makes it hard/impossible to get the recorded videos.

>>107611817
>Some files can be screwded despite being in the same folder as files that are fine.
That's not what I said.
That's the opposite of what I said.
I said all screwed files are in the same folder as all other screwed files, implying the folder wasnt accessed properly (note that the plate Im accessing is the COPIED plate. The real plate I am not accessing because Im too afraid that might screw it up even more).
Still thinking about shelling out those many shekels for a ahrdware-based saving of files.
What Im most bitter about is that Windows didnt tell me there was an issue with my HDD. I even did a checkup with windows tools because it took a bit long to access some files.

>>107611769
>Woah, Firefox has split-tabs now
Is that the thing where you see two tabs at once side-by-side in one window? You right click on the tab(s) and it has an option to do that. Brave browser had or has that, but sadly not on my version of it -> Brave Version 1.77.97 Chromium: 135.0.7049.84 (Official Build) (64-bit)

>>107611445
>other images wont open because "file format not supported" (lie)
That's because the files are (a) empty, or (b) missing large portions of data, replaced with a bunch of binary zeros. Look at the files in a hex editor and you may see what I'm talking about. Compare that to working jpg/png/gif image files.

>>107611892
>cost like 1000 USD to fix those shitty HDD models
Cost 1,000 USD per drive repaired.

>>107611982
>Is that the thing where you see two tabs at once side-by-side in one window? You right click on the tab(s) and it has an option to do that.
Yes.

>>107611752

If the recorder machine can read the disk, but the regular dive cannot, did you finalize the disk?

>>107611964
Well, I dunno how this thing was copied, usually you'd copy the data blockwise (and with that, filesystem agnostic).

A hardware recovery service is unlikely to help you I'm afraid.

>>107611786
is this native functionality? only reason i switched to brave was because of this

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>>107612203
Yes

>>107611445
Cloning stations usually start from the beginning of the disk and stop after many errors are encountered.
Try doing the clonig through your computer, either both disks connected through the docking station, or just the bad disk.
Use ddrescue multiple times, each time pointing it to the same image file (or destination disk) and the same log file.
ddrescue can stray from the end of the disk, and it can skip arbitrary number of sectors when it encounters read errors.
Once you've tried that a few times and nothing else seems to work, try freezing the disk. There is a slim chance that a frozen disk can skip past a scratched region.

>>107611445
Try using ddrescue. It's a software that attempts to rescue as many sectors from any damaged storage medium as possible while skipping over and not freezing or crashing whenever it encounters a damaged sector like most rescue software do. That's your best bet atm.

>>107611769
What's the point of this? Every single OS is able to tile windows.

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>>107612295
>Cloning stations usually start from the beginning of the disk and stop after many errors are encountered.
That makes somewhat sense, since the copied disk just stops after a few months of my photography work
>ddrescue
okay I will try that, thanks for the...
>try freezing the disk
Are you talking about... ice? As in my fridge? Like putting it below 0°C? Are we talking about a physical process here or is "freezing the disk" some esoteric data wizard thing I don't know of?

>>107612329
>>107612295
I tried findign ddrescue and all I can find on Fedora KDE is DDRescue view.
Is this something I have to get somehow else? by using the konsole?

>>107612203
It's built-in to the browser which has advantages sometimes when you don't want to deal with two separate windows.

>>107612475
I mis-clicked. Meant for >>107612394

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Have you donated to any FOSS projects this year, friends?

>>107612517
Too poor for that

>>107612517
I would if I had a job

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Switched to Ubuntu 25.10 a week ago, everything worked perfectly until a new update destroyed directx12 and 11 vulkan layer thingy. Too lazy to troubleshoot so I just moved to Linux Mint and everything works even better.

The thing is, Mint is so. fucking. boring. I feel bad because it truly just works and has never treated me bad but I kinda want something more, idk, interesting

>>107612568
Should have used Ubuntu LTS, or give Fedora a shot

>>107612568
the feminine urge to fuck up something thats working perfectly fine

>>107612079
Good idea. I'll do things in relation to that.

>>107612435
sudo apt install gddrescue
sudo pacman -S gddrescue

It's called GNU ddrescue or something. Once you install that package it includes the ddrescue CLI program.

>>107612475
True. I use i3wm and was too lazy to find out how to easily make two windows side-by-side each taking up half the screen. Split tabs make it easy as it's built into the web browser.

>>107612414
I'd also like to know what "disk freezing" / "HDD freezing" is. I imagine that the spinning disk RPM becomes very slow or temporarily stops.

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>>107612568
>>107612568
fedora kde
>hit get captcha
>verification not needed
>hit post
>no valid captcha
>mfw

how do i get macOS like font rendering?

>>107612568
You obviously have too much free time if you want to use something you know you will have to troubleshoot for it to vaguely work.
What about getting a job?

>>107612591
Friends of mine on LTS has the same directx12 and 11 problem now

>>107612864
buy a mac

>>107612864
Turn on slight hinting and make sure the sub pixel anti-aliasing layout properly matches the layout of your display.

>>107612864
ew

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>>107612864
>pajeetOS font rendering

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>>107612637
I prefer Gnome, what's a good distro that uses Gnome that's not Ubuntu?

>>107612927
Wait, they removed the hinting and anti-aliasing? Lmao

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>>107613030
>I prefer Gnome
fedora

>>107613067
I don't know why but I don't really want to use Fedora

I'm struggling to install Fallout New Vegas Mods. There's two problems, one is installing wine and the other is the steamtinkerlaunch
>Inb4 YAD has to be 7.2
I got that part but when it comes to actually adding it to the Steam Compatibility I get the following error

>>107612435
>>107612414
>Like putting it below 0°C?
Yes. If it's winter, do the cloning outside, if not then you need to put the disk in a resealable bag before chucking it on the fridge (or freezer) so it doesn't condense water from your warm air as you take it out.
Like I said, this is your last resort, *after* you already got most of your data and you have an (almost) complete ddres ue log file, so it skips straight to the bad zone before the disk gets warm.
I have recovered tens of disks using ddrescue and a docking station, and a few could only be recovered when frozen.
The docking station is critical when recovering damaged disks since it's easy to reset just the station when the disk locks up, as opposed to resetting the whole computer.

>>107611806
>This was true before windows became an "agentic" OS
WRONG
It was never true. Anyone who ever thought it was "a meme" was only seeing a reflection of themselves.

>>107613191
>Failed to load module "xapp-gtk3-module"
then if I try and download the Module
>Package 'xapp' has no installation candidate
or
>ibxapp-gtk3-module is already the newest version (2.8.2-1build3).
Despite this, still can't patch the tinker to steam
WINE also isn't working for me and won't open. Kinda stumped here and pretty frustrated that I can't download the two most important mods
(4GB and NVSE). I'm using LInux mint and this is my first time with Linux

>>107611735
Unironically feel like going back for simplicity sake, but fuck windows

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>havent had a single gpu crash for days now since replacing the amdgpu firmware blob
holy shit life is /comfy/ again

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I have a Chinkpad 20D9 and I'm thinking that I might get off Windows 7 and install Linux instead for more recent software support, since I only need this machine for basic tasks like emails, browsing, banking, and writing.

How different is Debian Stable XFCE versus Mint XFCE? I don't know if any recent distros have proper touchscreen support or not, which would be nice as much as something that has low power consumption.

Considering I can't even get past Cloudflare on this browser, it may be time for me to strangle this baby.

>>107612624
>True. I use i3wm and was too lazy to find out how to easily make two windows side-by-side each taking up half the screen. Split tabs make it easy as it's built into the web browser.

<splith key> <move tab to next window key [ctrl+w in vimium c]>
in vimium c will only bounce a tab between two windows, though. It will only create a new window if none exists to house the tab, but that doesn't stop you from shift+clicking links.

>>107613739
>>107612624
I MADE A BIG MISTAKE. OOPSIE!
ctrl-w closes the tab. Shift-w sends it to the next window (in vimium C)

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I'm using XDE plasma wayland.
When I run some games, they don't display their original intended icon in the tray and instead display the x.org logo as an icon.
1, why would it display the x.org icon? I'm not using X11, why wouldn't it use the wayland logo for an icon or something else?
2, why is it displaying this and not the intended icon?

>>107613832
Gayland devs are vibe coders so the AI is just pulling random bits from random sources and glopping it all together.

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Should i pick nobara for my first distro or i sbould try cachyOS?
Yes i am a gamer

>>107612864
put

FREETYPE_PROPERTIES="cff:no-stem-darkening=0 autofitter:no-stem-darkening=0"

into /etc/environment
Also turn on grayscale font hinting

>>107613883
clair obscur is a very good game, I wish the writing was a little bit less marvel-tropey though

>>107613883
nobara, should be more stable in the long run

>>107613832
>>107613867
The game has no installed .desktop file and doesn't set an icon itself so KDE's task manager displays a generic icon.

>>107614001
weird. I am running the linux version of a game, I'll install the windows version and play it through wine and see if it does the same thing

>>107614049
If you open KWin's debug console you can inspect the actual window and it will show you all of the metadata for it

Messing with wine + cmd.exe. Can I say that here or is that term still unallowed text?

>>107612901
Macs don't use subpixel rendering

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>>107614085
OK, "cmd.exe" isn't unallowed anymore maybe. To render NFO files correctly I run:
$ wine cmd.exe /C "type darksiders.nfo"

because that same file via curl doesn't show up correctly (question mark box characters):
$ curl https://derad.network/raw/OLcSu47XV83sMyeEWe03P_4kAdYHOG5jo3MHFw63s8I

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>>107614140
>question mark box characters
What I mean by that: image. Wonder how to make NFO files render correctly in Linux without using iconv.

Is there a meaningful difference between Debian and Fedora for normal desktop (laptop) use? Don't care about the DE flavors, installing a minimal version to run with my own DE.

>>107614103
They used to. I didn't know they dropped it:
>>107612927
>>107613040

No wonder they get shat on nowadays. They had perfect font rendering before.

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Pascal sisters, how do we cope?

>>107614260
Fedora repos have more up to date software, Debian-based operating systems have an easier to use package manager imo, apt vs dnf

>>107614260
Typically newer packages on Fedora (unless you run Debian Experimental / Sid which you probably shouldn't)
SELinux instead of AppArmor
Newer kernels
Worse multimedia codec support (without RPMFusion which is basically needed in order to fix the broken distribution)

>>107614307
You don't. That's what you get for using NOVIDEO. At least AMD kept legacy support for their hardware in AMDGPU.

>>107614340
to my defense, I bought my GPU before i became a Linuxfag and knew about the importance of opensource

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linux is fucking based
low iq street shitting gaymers who can't code(arch users) are not.

>>107614358
>BDSM user buckbroken by the archad

>>107614375
why yes i do partake is BDSM with your mom. bitch like it rough.

>>107614307
Thanks for this heads up. I was wondering why graphics started acting glitchy. I picked a bad time to update just BEFORE they put up this notice on the front page.

>>107614386
>BDSM user is indian

>>107613202
>The docking station is critical when recovering damaged disks since it's easy to reset just the station when the disk locks up, as opposed to resetting the whole computer.
I have a docking station for cloning as well as a cradle in my tower where I can just pulls tuff out if need be. Is one recommendable?

>>107614310
>>107614323
Thanks for reminding me that Fedora comes with SELinux. Fuck that shit, i choose Debian.

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>>107614394
>his mom gets railed by a street shitter

>>107614387
590 isn't on the repos yet, you wouldn't have gotten any output if you blindly upgraded to 590

>>107614403
You can just set it to Permissive like everyone does anyway.

>>107614407
she doesn't though, rajesh

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If I may interject for a moment, I'd just like to say the words:
RICHARD
STALLMAN
because I am of the belief that those words do not get said quite enough, nor especially following two other words:
THANK
YOU
thus forming the four words:
THANK YOU RICHARD STALLMAN
together. Thank you for your attention on this matter.

>>107614425
>no you can't BDSM my mom. you can't!!!!!!!
sorry son, now go eat cow shit and pray to lord vishnu.

>>107614403
I removed selinux and installed ufw when I was using fedora

>>107614387
>I was wondering why graphics started acting glitchy.
Yeah that aint why lil gup

>>107614444
you got suspiciously angry for getting called an indian. you might just be an actual indian, kek

>>107614455
you got suspciiously angry when i BDSM'd your mom, she is actually getting raped by my big indian cock. BIC #1!

Mint XFCE or Lubuntu for an old Windows netbook? I have previously installed Chicago95 on Mint XFCE manually with the extra tweaks like SDDM and setup my cellular modem so I don't feel totally lost yet, but I value simplicity and stability when downloading software and running it.

>>107614475
i'd go with mint

>>107614469
you need to be 18 to use this website

>>107614497
i know you do son, you were only born 14 years ago, 9 months after i met your mother.

>>107614500
ok rajesh, feel free to keep seething, but you will always be brown

>>107614412
>>107614449
You're right, I have 580.119.02-2 not 590. Guess something else in the update broke on my system then, because it started acting up today after I updated yesterday just before I went to bed.

>>107614505
so will you, son =^)

>>107614403
this >>107614416

>>107614307
FUUUUCKKKK
Time to buy a used AMD card for my shitbox. Using a graphics driver from the AUR doesn't sound fun

>>107614630
>graphics driver from the AUR doesn't sound fun
it should be fine

>>107614653
I still want to stop using nvidia

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I'm trying to record desktop with "ffmpeg -f x11grab" on debian 13 but I end up with a video containing only black frames for some reason.
I can't see the "--enable-x11grab" flag in ffmpeg configuration even though libxcb seems installed on my system so that could probably be the problem but idk
What should I do chat?

>>107614664
yeah that's a good idea anyway, i'm just saying the driver from the AUR should be fine

>>107614670
I had a similar thing happen with HLS playback. This fixed it for me:
$ ffmpeg -hide_banner -video_size 1280x866 -framerate 30 -f x11grab -i :0.0+0,140 -f pulse -i default -vcodec libx264 -profile:v baseline -pix_fmt yuv420p -vf "scale=-1:720" -c:a aac -f flv rtmp://localhost/live/stream

My frames were black with like green bars at the top.

>https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Arch_boot_process#Boot_loader
Why the fuck is rEFInd mentioned in the boot loader section, when it's a boot manager explicitly WITHOUT a boot loader

>Lubuntu
Isn't this abandonware?

Is there a linux tool that can read standard output or standard error from running processes?

For example if I run
(while true; do echo nigger ; sleep 1; done) &

This will print output to stdout, this output is read in the terminal, now if i disown the process and close the terminal, i lose access to this output even though the process is still running and printing to stdout. Surely there is some way to get logs from running daemons/processes, right?

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How do I use ddrescue on fedora? is there no graphical interface? Do I need to run this in console purely by knowing what each command does?

Can someone explain why KDE and GNOME need twice as much ram as Xfce or lxqt? Always thought it would make no difference just depends on whatever background task is running.

>>107614799
It's easy. Help:
>$ ddrescue --help
>$ man ddrescue

Format:
>ddrescue [options] infile outfile [mapfile]

So you run this in console/CLI
>$ sudo ddrescue -r0 /dev/sdX copy.img copy.img.log
the first time for zero retries and after that finishes, 3 retries or whatever you want:
>$ sudo ddrescue -r3 /dev/sdX copy.img copy.img.log

Then you gotta freeze the HDD (lol) and do such and such, as per what that other anon said. Haven't heard of that before, not sure about it.

>>107614716
I still get black frames but ty anyway

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>got a gpd pocket 4
Anyone here have one? What do you recommend?
It has a weird-ish layout and is extremely small, so I'm thinking of trying Hyprland. I'll mainly be using it to manage network devices and as a kvm. I don't need it for regular desktop use and I've got a much cheaper netbook for taking with me when I go out.

>>107614732
Nope

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icecat? yay or nay. I was looking into a lightweight browser for localhost stuff and browsing repos and manuals and blogs. And yes, I considered qutebrowser, but from my pedestrian search it doesn't have a tab session manager thing.

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ddrescue is easy compared to socat, tsocks, and other programs.

>>107614732
>>Lubuntu
>Isn't this abandonware?
That's what I was wondering. Had that same question. Latest release is "25.10[1] / 9 October 2025; 2 months ago" --Wikipedia

>>107614859
Ill be honest, I dont know how to wield either of those.
Also, I am generally very bad at syntax in console. So how do I do it that I can copy from my old Harddrive to my new harddrive which I want to use as my rescued version? The altter is completely new and empty. Can I target specific folders within the old drive first?

>>107614716
>>107614716
okay I found out why it doesn't work, I'm using wayland and not x11..

>>107614744
Look at /proc/PID/fd for open file descriptors. In many cases daemons have their stdout redirected to a physical TTY (which might get logged in /var/log/messages) or /dev/null though.

>>107615088
Ffmpeg annoyingly still hasn't implemented PipeWire screen recording.

What's the best windows-manager/WM-extensions for Mint? Should I just stick to the default and not fuck with it?

>>107615138
Just make sure you keep a timeshift back-up before each modification. When you use the upgrade tool in the future it's likely going to uninstall all of your incompatible software

Info on Linux program "vbetool", a "low-level CLI tool" which is helpful to me:
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137293479
https://reasonator.toolforge.org/?q=Q137293479

>>107615033
This creates a block-level copy of the HDD and its partition(s):
>$ sudo ddrescue -r0 /dev/sdX hdd.img hdd.img.log
>$ sudo ddrescue -r3 /dev/sdX hdd.img hdd.img.log
It'll be saved to file "hdd.img". Run "lsblk" and see which /dev/sda, or /dev/sdb, or /dev/sdc, etc is your HDD.

If you want a file-level copy of the HDD, then that's lower quality and I'm not sure if ddrescue can operate recursively on directories anyways. I know ddrescue can operate on single files like this:
>$ sudo ddrescue -r99 file.jpg file.jpg.bin file.jpg.bin.log

If you want to clone the HDD to another HDD then you can probably do that by running this:
>$ sudo ddrescue -r0 /dev/sdX /dev/sdY cloned.log
Make SURE that the destination (whatever you fill in for /dev/sdY is empty) because it will probably overwrite anything/everything in storage device /dev/sdY.

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I'm doing an update on Gentoo and apparently one of the packages (krunner) now requires wayland for some reason. My GPU doesn't play well with wayland though. Any suggestions besides changing my system, DE, or GPU?

Can I use the same kernel and initramfs for both Arch and Artix?
If I check

/etc/mkinitcpio.conf

in both installations and it's the same, does it mean the initramfs is the same or are there other parameters?

>>107615233
>not sure if ddrescue can operate recursively on directories anyways. I know ddrescue can operate on single files
IIRC, in the past I got ddrescue to operate on folders by running something like this:
>$ sudo echo -n; find /path/to/folder -type f | xargs -d "\n" sh -c 'for args do noC="$(echo "$args" | sed "s/\//+/g")"; sudo ddrescue -r1 "$args" "$noC" "$noC.log"; done' _
It goes over every file in a folder and runs ddrescue on it with retry=1 outputs each to a file where "/" in the path is replaced with "+" (avoids filename collisions and the need to make folders at destination).

>>107615020
They said they are going into maintenance mode starting from the latest release due to a lack of manpower.

>>107614307
>>107614630
>>107614653
I tried installing nvidia-580xx-dkms from the AUR. My system broke. I probably did something wrong. At least installing the official nvidia package returned the system to it's previous state.

>>107615400
have you uninstalled nvidia and nvidia-lts?

>>107615269
A google search suggests that if you are using KDE you can hit the gear icon before logging in and select x11 instead of wayland

>>107615460
I know, but I don't want to have wayland installed at all. That's bloat.

>>107615484
Some times you just gotta deal with bloat, unless you get an older version of KDE I don't see any way around it. Maybe someone else will give you a better answer. Good luck anon.

pretty sure KDE dropped or is planning to drop X11 all together anyway

>>107615484
>but I don't want to have wayland installed at all. That's bloat.
Then you better be prepared to fork the entirety of KDE:
https://www.phoronix.com/news/KDE-Plasma-68-Wayland-Exclusive

Gentoo will likely be sticking with upstream then maintain a bunch of patches for X11 support.

>>107615400
Works for me.
I installed

nvidia-580xx-utils nvidia-580xx-dkms nvidia-580xx-settings lib32-nvidia-580xx-utils

pacman -Qm shows
lib32-nvidia-580xx-utils
libxnvctrl-580xx
nvidia-580xx-dkms
nvidia-580xx-settings
nvidia-580xx-settings-debug
nvidia-580xx-utils
>At least installing the official nvidia package returned the system to it's previous state.
Well, first you should uninstall the nvdia driver, then do a pacman -Syu, then install the AUR packages and then reboot
I removed

nvidia nvidia-lts lib32-nvidia-utils nvidia-settings nvidia-utils

>>107615532
Not yet, but they will:
>>107615534

At some point in the future that will hit stable in Gentoo and then good bye whatever remnants of X11 support was remaining.

>>107612435
DDrescue view is a GUI application that shows you the result of the CLI ddrescue command. You need to first run the CLI ddrescue command, that should output two files one is the image file of the hard drive the second is the "map file" which includes info about all previous efforts to rescue the data so that e.g. if your hard drive crashes or you want mid-recovery to put it on a SATA cable or something you can just close the command and then restart it without losing progress.
Since you're in Fedora you need to open the terminal and type
```
sudo dnf install ddrescue
```
and then read https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Disk_cloning#Using_ddrescue for detailed instructions.

>>107615434
I didn't have -lts and -dkms. I uninstalled nvidia, but now I have reinstalled it.

>>107615541
Thanks, I'll try again tomorrow.

>>107615575
>Thanks, I'll try again tomorrow.
Yeah basically just search for nvidia packages on your system and replace them with the 580xx versions from the AUR

>>107615534
Fuck, I guess I'll look into making nvidia work with wayland then. Worst case scenario I'll just force games to run through XWayland.

>>107614744
>now if i disown the process and close the terminal, i lose access to this output
just don't do that then. Problem solved.

>>107615621
Nvidia doesn't require special configuration for wayland these days. At least on my machine

>>107615271
Okay, a better question.
Can I simply edit /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux.preset in both distros so that the Arch and Artix stuff is in its own directory? Or is there more I have to do for this to work?

What's the lightest supported web browser I can use on my newly linuxed shitbook? Supermium is too heavy on Windows 7.

>>107615702
Yeah, that's a little bit how I feel right now.

>>107615709
Supported by what?

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>>107615702

>>107615719
bon apetite!

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>>107615733

>>107615717
Debian-rivatives, obviously!

>>107614981
GNU icecat is just firefox-esr with preinstalled extensions and telemetry removed at compile time. It's about as lightweight as firefox-esr

>>107615702
NIGGERvidia did it again

>>107615097
Thanks.
>>107615634
Thing is, I want to access output from processes that weren't started in a terminal.

>>107615702
this is a distro problem btw

>>107615740
How is that obvious? You didn't say what you were using. I was going to hit you with a meme browser to be an asshole, but you beat me to the asshole punch.

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>>107613415
After valve started working on waydroid it hasn't crashed once for me.

>>107615871
>Thing is, I want to access output from processes that weren't started in a terminal.
Use GNU Screen or Tmux

>>107615301
>>107615233
Thanks, I'll try that.

>>107615871
>I want to access output from processes that weren't started in a terminal.
Then those processes better write their output to some sort of log.
Imagine if processes could just hook into the stdout or even stdin of other processes as they please - keyloggers, done the trivial way?

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Loading Lubuntu from a Ventoy flash drive for the first time, the select menu was unresponsive but pressing enter twice worked. Are these errors a problem? I was able to get into the live envuronment just fine.

>>107615835
Should I perhaps install icecat on my netbook as my main browser through the terminal, foregoing even having firefox preinstalled? Seems like a good pairing.

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it's over
guess you should use icecat while you still can

>>107616442
>It is not possible to completely remove telemetry from firefox by changing preferences, because telemetry is built-in or hardcoded in the binary installer and executables provided by Mozilla
Were all Librewolf users getting pwned as hard as a stock android user this whole time?

>>107616334ssaa
>keyloggers, done the trivial way?
You can already do that by reading /dev/input/event*

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find /4TB_DRIVE -type f -exec b3sum {} + >  ~/b3sum_bench.blake3

>11:53:54

rhash --blake3=256 --recursive /4TB_DRIVE --output ~/rhash_bench.blake3

>7:32:37
jesus
why the hell doesn't b3sum have a recursive function built in

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What Linux Distro offers the most vanilla gnome experience? I looked at Zorin but that modifies Gnome quite a bit. Thoughts?

>>107616547
Just use Arch with the gnome/gnome-extra packages.

>>107616547
gnome os

>>107616547
fedora

>>107616650
I've looked at Fedora and it looks like Gnome without any modifications, or am i wrong?

>>107613252
modding games on linux is possible but it is 100000 times more annoying than on windows
you will have to figure out how to run mod managers and other modding tools from the same prefix wherre the game is being ran from/installed to. then sometimes you will have to do some dll overrides. you have to look that up on the wine documentation

>>107616547
GNOME is /essentially/ owned by Red Hat now (has been for a while) so Fedora.

>>107611233 (OP)
how do i awesomewm? there isn't a single decent guide for how to configure the shit online outside of pre-build configs from other people
>inb4 the documentation
it's a fucking unhelpful mess even the suckless docs look amazing in comparison

>>107616759
What? Really, is it owned by Red hat? Then why are they shilling a new KDE workstation

>>107616855
Could always try asking a good LLM like Gemini 3 or Claude Opus 4.5. They're usually pretty good at helping with configuring WMs.

>>107616858
I said /essentially/. Do you not read Wikipedias on any of this stuff?

>>107616870
essentially is vague af, so that means any that donates to gnome partially owns them

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>>107616858

>>107615643
Do they default to modesetting now? That used to be the "special configuration" required and it's just setting some kernel boot parameters, it's not even that "special".

>>107616876
>anyone that donates
No, not just anyone, THE largest, by far, and with embedded devs. Do you think they give all that money without putting any conditions or direction on what they expect to get in return? Do you think they would continue in being THE LARGEST DONOR if they were /not/ getting what they expected/directed?

>>107616858
Red Hat is a weird pseudo-corporation entity usually if they are doing something weird, most likely it either involves taking advantage of private or government grants or selling something they make to make money.

>>107616905
Or its a government or private contract

>>107616902
And, btw, the big difference between that and Google with Firefox is that what Google is "buying" is a major piece of legally technical insurance against getting Chrome taken from them, which came /very/ close to happening just recently regardless.

>>107612624
>I use i3wm and was too lazy to find out how to easily make two windows side-by-side each taking up half the screen
fucking insanity
that's literally what the WM is made for

>>107612475
>when you don't want to deal with two separate windows.
but you are dealing with two separate windows???????

>>107616899
>Do they default to modesetting now?
Yes

>>107616464
No, because "built-in" does not mean you can't disable it. There are preferences for all telemetry and you can lock them with enterprise policies to make sure they can't be enabled.

>>107611735
The opposite. Reinstalled Arch on another PC, everything except Firefox is good. But Firefox is at least just as bad under Windows.

>>107611735
When I realized that Linux doesn't hold my hand and allows me to brick and fuck up the system I never went back.
Is it a hassle compared to Windows?
Yes.
Does it sometimes suck cause something doesn't work and you don't know why?
Yes.
Does the OS ever get in your way and tell you that you can't do something or you can't remove something?
No, and I love it for that. Treat how hard it is for you to do something in Linux in two ways:
>1) Is this worth my time? Y/N
>2) Did I spend money on the software I'm trying to run? Y/N
>3) What does this inability to make it run say about me? Where are my holes of understand of the system, what could I do to research and understand the OS and the programs I'm running better?
By doing this you'll slowly learn more recursively and remember if its hard and frustrating, it means you're learning. Eventually you'll hit a moment where you can do stuff so effortlessly for what you use your computer for that you don't even realize it and it won't make a difference what system you are.

>>107611735
I never went back after I had a setup with the compiz 3d cube

>>107614307
What if I use nouveau?

>>107614804
They're trying to cosplay Windows. Windows has been known to take as much memory as it can find since decades ago.
TL;DR it's a feature.

>>107614804
It depends so much on distro choices and software versions. Nominally KDE and XFCE should be about the same.

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>>107617158
Plasma was shit so I switched to i3wm, which I used month(s) prior to being fed up with KDE Plasma. I have the i3wm cheat sheet or handbook downloaded so I can figure it out if wanted. Or do what >>107613768 is saying. I usually don't have to have windows side by side anyways. In some cases maybe it could make things more efficient. Pic unrelated.

>>107615484
>I know, but I don't want to have wayland installed at all. That's bloat.
>>107615621
>Fuck, I guess I'll look into making nvidia work with wayland then. Worst case scenario I'll just force games to run through XWayland.
What's the point of using Gahnoo slash Linux then? Will your gaymes not work with X?

>>107616855
Install, then start tweaking it to your liking. It's just LUA.

>>107617164
Two separate tabs != two separate windows

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I've got an old laptop, probs almost 20 years old now. AMD Turion X2 processor and a dedicated 512MB ATI GPU. Used to play lots of vidya on it like MW2 so I know it's pretty fast. Was wondering if there was anything I could run on it and then just shove it in a cupboard until it dies. doesn't have any additional storage capacity and I'm not forking out for a new SSD for an ancient laptop. I'm literally just thinking some simple homelab experiment that it could handle but I don't have any ideas of what would be interesting or practical to me out there. maybe something like retroarch but then I don't want to shove it in my living room so that's kinda a no go. thought I'd include a pic too so you know I'm not bullshitting.

>>107617574
How fast is this relarive to my Celeron M 1GB Presario V6000? I will try lxqt stuff on it.

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>>107617574
You could get a bare Openbox "desktop" on Debian with xorg and just let it run xpenguins and cbonsai sitting in any spot in your house, and tty-clock would make it like a really nice CLOCK and you can set the clock window to any size/position.

>>107617601
it's much faster than a celeron, I used to play games like call of duty on it. could maybe host a small web application, something like that. not trying to get it running again so I can use it, I just dug it out recently cos I moved into a new flat
>>107617614
should mention the screen is actually kinda fucked, it flickers like mad but the laptop itself works fine if you hook it up to a monitor

>>107617642
Well in that case, just ONE other IDEA is that you could run Syncthing on it and use it as a node within your own home/offline MUH CLOUD to keep an extra, automatically updated backup of your personal files. You wouldn't really need to look at it any if you set that up right (run automatically on startup, leave running any time you're home doing things, etc.).

>>107617574
I have an old laptop and am like you but I did buy a new 500GB SSD for it. You could run FreeBSD on it, but the hardware might not be fully supported. You could run Tiny Core Linux or Spirit OS on it. Slax Linux (Debian) and older Lubuntu support 32-bit too! Use it as an SSHFS mount for qBittorrent save paths, then it can do useful stuff all the time all day everyday (seeding). You can additionally run an IPFS node on it all the time (I do this), but newer versions of Kubo sadly don't support 32bit. Use qBittorrent on your main computer and use the old computer as a network storage thing (have an external or internal storage device plugged into the old laptop). Save paths shouldn't be sshfs of old-laptop@10.0.0.44:/ipfs (that would mean two FUSE-mounted things) as that results in thermal shutdowns in my case.

You can maybe mine one penny USD worth of crypto per year, so don't bother with that. Other things like DNA unfolding to solve cancer/whatever and Prime Number Search (both collective computing projects) are probably also a waste of time as your compute will do basically nothing for that.

>>107617642
My Compaq used to flicker like mad too once then somehow fixed its self too once upon a time years later. Not surprised the Turion is faster due to being a dual core chip and higher clocked with dedicated graphics to bear. I could barely run Minecraft on this laptop in 2012.

does your guys file pickers show thumbnails

>>107616855
Or if you are struggling with the basics, you can find the default config in /etc/xdg/awesome, copy it to your ~/.config/ and then change it however you like.
Don't forget to put it into your ~/.xinitrc too.

Then you will eventually want to have your own theme so copy a default from under /usr/share/awesome/themes/ and just the LUA file will be enough as it accesses things like pictures through
>themes_path.."default/titlebar/close_normal.png"
and you can use things from /usr/share/awesome/lib/ similarly.
Also look through both lib/ and themes/ to see how things work and likely get ideas of your own.

Will my Xerox 7600 work with Linux when it relies on a CD with paperport?

>>107617673
TinyCore in its basic version can probably actually run on an average modern toaster.

>>107617691
>Don't forget to put it into your ~/.xinitrc too.
By "it" I meant "exec awesome" in that specific sentence.

>>107617695
>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerox_Alto
I'm sure it will work.

What's the most lightweight distro which doesn't sacrifice on basic creature comforts and essentials like networking/security? No preloaded programs, I want to choose my own software and only load the software I will use.

>remembered all the omarchy youtube ravings but never looked into it
>want my new laptop to be linux so start looking
>マリウス.com/a-word-on-omarchy/
Oh wow is it really that bad? Guess I'll have to pick a different one now, which is annoying since the laptop is sitting right there, I should've been doing this while waiting for it to arrive. I've never been in a position to choose before and it's overwhelming.

>>107617746
unironically arch.
The installer is just a command line for you to do everything yourself.

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>>107611233 (OP)

I want to share you my method of customizing every distro that I have developed over the past 20 years as a linux user.

I drop all my dotfiles into a git repo located at ~/projects/config/hosts/$HOSTNAME/

Each host gets its own directory.

The $HOSTNAME directory mirrors the linux file tree. So for instance, if I want a custom resolv.conf, it's located at $HOSTNAME/etc/resolv.conf

My personal dotfiles are located at $HOSTNAME/home/$USER/

I keep all this under version control. Each time I bootstrap a new system, the git repo gets a new branch.

To install, I just symlink my config files into the appropriate directory.

This way I never lose anything and I can always roll back if necessary.

One nuance to working this way: If you use the symlink trick, obviously be careful when switching branches, because you're live. If you want to do a lot of dangerous work, just clone the repo and work on the non-live cloned copy!

Optional other things you can keep in here:
- markdown documentation for each host
- install / upgrade and other system scripts
- code templates

>>107617686
it is a beast, I would go for a retro game setup if the screen worked. i played through res 5, cod, skyrim on it etc. before i got a decent PC
>>107617666
evil check. my cloud backup did magically delete my photos recently and synced the same on my PC but luckily it just moved them into the trash so i could restore them. good idea.
>>107617673
could work as a torrent server, i already have one setup on my media server but i guess it would take the load off of it to run something else

cheers niggas. i'll keep on thinking for now since it's not going anywhere. wasn't sure if it could run something like the open-webui or not? would be cool to run my own AI and setup and API and shit

>>107617687
No. Half the time my file explorer and file picker doesn't show a thumbnail. File picker shows an image preview on the side if I click on it once.

>>107617673
Or run qbitorrent-nox on the old laptop. Access it via LAN IP address for webui. Similar thing with ipfs: run your own gateway and access it the same say. Reverse proxy things with nginx so it'll be at https://. You can run your own .onion site on the old laptop. Maybe also .i2p and .loki site. Can use just basic Apache or nginx so it's a media server = watch videos on any LAN-connected device, for example. I use Apache's CGI ("/cgi-bin/" or "/cgi/") to help with web archiving or stuff, not familiar with an nginx alternative to CGI.

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>>107617863
how do you know you're sharing the right booby picture then
take too long

>>107617863
Nginx supports CGI scripts too although CGI is kinda shitty. I prefer to just write PHP scripts if I need anything like that. I do use CGI scripts for one use case though, writing webhooks where I want to automate some task by sending some POST data to it (useful for things like archive scripts as you say)

>>107617787
If that "old laptop" is 64bit then it isn't as old as my 32bit laptop. You said it could run those games, so it's somewhat powerful and not that old.

Have each torrent at a share ratio of at least 15.01 (addition to what I said in >>107617863). Otherwise run whatever services/stuff you want and learn about. Could probably run low-level AI like you were saying. I wonder if I could locally run AI in my "ancient" 32bit computer running Slax Linux. Kinda curious but not really... If it did run then it would be very dumb.

>>107614744

github yujqiao/catproc

>>107613030
Debian!

>>107617746
Artix or Void probably.

>>107617771
It has systemdicks. I'm currently on Arch. Not for much longer probably.

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>>107617934
I already have a media server setup with jellyfin and qbittorrent linked up to it to automatically download and sort shit out for me so I don't really have any need to do anything like that. it's quite late here in bongland and i've ate some sleeping herbs so i'll check back in the morning. peace out bros

>>107617763
>http://xn--gckvb8fzb.com/a-word-on-omarchy/
What you linked said that it has scripts installing stuff via "curl | sh". That's bad or doesn't age well. That should only be used on the most visible, manually ran, and latest+maintained install instructions. With host-based addressing, someone could stop working on stuff (abandoned software), a malicious entity takes over example.com/install, then bam anyone using "curl $url | sh" gets infected with nasty malware or becomes part of a botnet. Pwning Linux computers is that easy in that case: definitely has targeted viruses/malware.

>>107617905
So CGI just works in nginx. I see or am reminded/refreshed on that. php is perhaps safer and better, and I did use PHP years ago.

if i accidentally do something to a process on htop
that shit is not persistent right?
if i reboot everything is back to normal?

>>107617786
Do you reinstall that often? Trying new distros or why? Nothing wrong if it's more for fun too.

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Anyone know what file manager this is? Pretty sure it's not Thunar.

>>107618233
I just want the ability to do a point-in-time restore at any time, or git clone my current system onto a new device, for instance. It has proven super handy.

I have also set up several companies on similar systems using Docker/Ansible/Kubernetes as a part of my day job. It makes it really easy to cookie cutter as many boxes as you need.

>>107618345
The job part especially makes sense. Most would probably make scripts but this approach is pretty neat too.

>>107618134
If you run out of or run low on storage space and can't easily do some things, then you may have to use that old laptop as network-attached storage for BitTorrent or whatever. (Thinking of my situation when writing this.)

>>107617763
So that "distro" (really just a pile of crappy .sh and dotfiles files on top of basic Arch) got financial support from Clownflare and some other company. Those companies should have gave money to the Lubuntu team >>107615380

Also
>Given that numerous YouTubers have been heavily promoting the project over the past few weeks, often in the same breath with Framework (Computer Inc.), it wouldn’t be surprising to see the company soon offering it as a pre-installation option on their hardware.
Next up: YouTuber scum do pump and dump on the newest "flashy"/"cool" Linux distro. One month later all the "curl | sh" go to ransomware software and said scum (those who developed it and those who hyped it) get paid in secret.

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Multi-part video series which I have some interest in titled "Let's code a Linux Driver":
https://inv7.nadeko.net/playlist?list=PLCGpd0Do5-I3b5TtyqeF1UdyD4C-S-dMa

>>107618162
>>107618381
Was doing some research in relation to that and saw this:
>/chg/ cloudflare hate general
>https://desuarchive.org/g/thread/107189166/
Holy based. OP:
>i never thought about cloudflare too much, to me it was only that annoying "check you are human" to protect website against bot.
>sometime later i learnt that they are themselves running ddos to make their "service" more attractive, which yea, fuck you.
>[...]
>how did anyone think that letting some corporation eavesdrop on 20% of web traffic was ever a good idea, what a peak glowie companie.
>fuck cloudflare.

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>>107618692
>Let's code a Linux Driver
BSD be like:

>>107618692
>eavesdrop on 20% of web traffic
>implying it is only 20%
The heckin web crasherino that happened not too long ago was because cuckflare couldn't verify you're a good obedient slave, nothing else. Websites not using it worked perfectly fine.

Anyone use TP link's UB400 for bluetooth? I've had the chip just work up till now and now all I get is stuttering when trying to listen to audio.
On Manjaro, messing around with kernel versions has not worked out, trying to use pulse instead of pipewire has not worked out

yeah Fedora won
https://youtu.be/TaY5npwkUgg?si=dS3HPX8MHIW9IZBx [Embed]

is it fine to distrohop during your midlife crisis
when is it time to move on to the bsds

>>107619052
How good/vanilla and well supported is their non workstation versions like KDE and Sway?
Is it still bad with codecs?

>>107619054
>When is it time to move on to the worse operating system that doesn't even have working WiFi and only has graphics drivers because they copy Linux's?
Uhm, never?

>>107619126
>Is it still bad with codecs?
That's common to every Fedora release (except derivatives like Bazzite or Nobara that fix this) because Red Hat doesn't include them in the operating system.

>>107619052
is nobara on F43 already?

>>107619127
>Uhm
>?
What if he is normal (not homosexual and not trans)?

>>107619190
Then definitely don't use a BSD operating system. They even banned non-consensual hugs once.

is there a program which approximates IrfanView for linux, and I will not accept nomacs as an answer

>>107619291
Tried XNView MP yet?

>>107619291
Nope, still searching myself for that one

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>>107618751
In addition to the kernel code there's also firmware in play. If that makes any difference but just saying.

>>107619054
You should distrohop all your life, distros change.

>>107597378 →
Figured it, I had to "start" the timer in order to enable it.

>>107619291
Can it run under wine?

is there any wm, ideally tiling, that can scale windows on the fly? i mean scale the entire 'gui' within that window.

>>107619490
Nope. There isn't one out there that can do that natively.

>>107619490
Gamescope?

Is the only problem with Fedora that you have to do the rpm fusion thing and install codecs? After that is it set and forget?

>>107619610
After you enable rpm-fusion you're basically good when it comes to actually installing normal shit.

>>107619052
Thanks for this. I don't watch youtube that much so I'm quite clueless in this sense. I'm on F43 and I had no idea about these schedulers what this guy is talking about.
>sudo dnf copr enable bieszczaders/kernel-cachyos-addons
>sudo dnf install scx-manager
Tried scx_lavd briefly with some faggot game (Darktide) and it seems like it is helping. Haven't compared frame graphs yet so maybe I'm just coping.

>>107619700
I mean I always had issues with frame pacing and the game feels like there's some strange variable input lag but now it feels more like it was when I last played it on Windows. I don't care about framerate in this case.

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If i have 2 drives i want to do RAID 1 on, is ZFS, XFS or BTRFS better?

>>107619915
BTRFS is fine for that. I wouldn't use XFS (no checksums) or ZFS (unless you want to fuck with out-of-tree drivers when you don't really have to)

>>107619931
BTRFS it is then. But what are the different usecases for all of these FS's?

>>107619979
Just different people's opinions on how to build a filesystem.

>>107619979
XFS - less features
ZFS,BTRFS - pretty similar to each other

is there an actual reason to use iwd as wireless backend instead of wpa_supplicant on networmanager?

>>107619979
xfs is for when data checksums are too much overhead or you have integrity provided by a storage controller. zfs is for parity raid and ssd / hdd hybrid configs

>>107620183
How are the decimals hashed?

>>107620169
Yes. It's more modern and better uses the cryptography in the kernel so can be faster and more performant and also better supports various enterprise networks.

The question you should be asking is if there's ever a reason to use wpa_supplicant instead? To which the answer is no, it's obsolete.

>>107620183
You should use Bcachefs if you have hybrid storage on both SSD's and hard drives. It's the only filesystem that does tiered storage right.

>>107620188
That's the great thing about a storage controller. They're not! It's a black box and you just have to trust what it tells you.

>>107620358
Joking aside what disk scheduler should I be using with nvme drive?

>>107620378
None/No scheduler unless you're noticing that you need one in which case Kyber or Adios.

>>107617687
Yes, I use xdg-desktop-portal-lxqt for my file picker

>>107620391
I'm going to investigate this. I'm sure fedora 43 has some sane default anyway.

>>107618340
>brodie
It's PCManFM, It looks like it and I remember he mentioned he uses it in one of his videos, but he also said he used multiple file managers.

Tell me about Bazzite. I'm using Mint right now but I kind of want to go to something a bit more gaming friendly, I feel like stuff is slightly off on Mint.

Should I just embrace the fact that I'm a Linux fag now and just become a full on distro hopping tinker tranny?

>>107620434
bazzite rhymes with shite.

If the USA is the Windows of countries (owned by extremely wealthy and extremely powerful people, expensive and shitty to live in/use, yet people who live in/use it act like it's the only country/OS in the world) what is the Linux of countries?