On Dec 9 Dutch current affairs TV program Nieuwsuur released an investigative report on the export of ASML products to 5 Chinese entities β one of them is a Chinese military research institute.
All five Chinese customers are affiliated with the Chinese defense industry.
Two of them, the 24th Research Institute of CETC and SiEn, are on US sanctions lists, while the parent companies of four are on sanctions lists: Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, SMIC, China Electronics Corporation (CEC), and China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETC).
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GTA Semiconductor (η§―ε‘εε―Όδ½)
ASML's first customer is GTA Semiconductor, a chip manufacturer from Shanghai. The company's largest shareholder is another chip manufacturer, Huada Semiconductor β part of China Electronics Corporation (CEC).
This state-owned company is a major manufacturer of electronics for telecom and cybersecurity, among other things. According to the Chinese government itself, CEC is one of the largest military-industrial concerns. CEC has been on various US sanctions lists since 2020 and 2021.
The chairman of GTA's board of directors is Sun Jie, who is also a director of Huada Semiconductor and CEO of CEC. Wirescreen identifies Sun Jie as someone affiliated with the Chinese military. Sun Jie was previously director of the 38th Research Institute of CETC. This institute is involved in the development of military radar systems, for example, for detecting Western JSF/F-35 fighter jets.
24th Research Institute of CETC (δΈε½η΅εη§ζιε’ε
¬εΈη¬¬δΊεεη η©Άζ)
ASML sold an essential chip machine part to the 24th Research Institute of CETC in 2024. The institute is part of state-owned China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, one of China's leading defense companies. According to its own brochure, the institute houses the only national laboratory for military computer chips in China.
SiEn (Qingdao) (θ―ζ©)
The third customer is Si En (Qingdao), a chip manufacturer owned by the Chinese government. The company was linked to setting up a chip production line for Huawei in 2023. The US government placed SiEn on the Entity List at the end of last year. Huawei's chips, made by SiEn, contribute to China's military capabilities.
Semiconductor Manufacturing Beijing Corporation [δΈθ―δΊ¬ειζη΅θ·―εΆι (εδΊ¬) ζιε
¬εΈ]
This chip manufacturer is a subsidiary of SMIC, which is attempting to compete with TSMC in the production of advanced chips. SMIC is subject to various US sanctions; for example, it is on the Entity List due to its military-civilian cooperation. The US also associates it with production for the Chinese armed forces.
Shenzhen International Quantum Academy (ζ·±ε³ε½ι
ιεη η©Άι’)
This quantum applications research institute received a "Deep UV lithography machine" from ASML on Feb 5, 2024. The type of DUV machine involved is unknown.
The institute, which falls under the Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, states on its website that it conducts research into "quantum sensing," a technique for making extremely accurate measurements. The Dutch intelligence service MIVD (Military Intelligence and Security Service) explicitly warns against Chinese interest in quantum sensing in its annual report.
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It appears that the ASML parts involved are not subject to Dutch or European export restrictions. But four experts, two from Delft University of Technology and two from Eindhoven University of Technology, said the ASML components exported to the Chinese customers were essential for the operation of a lithography machine.
As for the DUV machine sold to the Shenzhen quantum research institute, itβs unclear what type of DUV machine was involved or whether ASML required prior approval from 
Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the sale.
nos.nl/nieuwsuur/arti
nos.nl/nieuwsuur/arti
nos.nl/nieuwsuur/arti
video (in Dutch) 
nos.nl/nieuwsuur/vide or youtu.be/MlIqPSwKAqU?si
GTA Semiconductor (η§―ε‘εε―Όδ½)
ASML's first customer is GTA Semiconductor, a chip manufacturer from Shanghai. The company's largest shareholder is another chip manufacturer, Huada Semiconductor β part of China Electronics Corporation (CEC).
This state-owned company is a major manufacturer of electronics for telecom and cybersecurity, among other things. According to the Chinese government itself, CEC is one of the largest military-industrial concerns. CEC has been on various US sanctions lists since 2020 and 2021.
The chairman of GTA's board of directors is Sun Jie, who is also a director of Huada Semiconductor and CEO of CEC. Wirescreen identifies Sun Jie as someone affiliated with the Chinese military. Sun Jie was previously director of the 38th Research Institute of CETC. This institute is involved in the development of military radar systems, for example, for detecting Western JSF/F-35 fighter jets.
24th Research Institute of CETC (δΈε½η΅εη§ζιε’ε
¬εΈη¬¬δΊεεη η©Άζ)
ASML sold an essential chip machine part to the 24th Research Institute of CETC in 2024. The institute is part of state-owned China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, one of China's leading defense companies. According to its own brochure, the institute houses the only national laboratory for military computer chips in China.
SiEn (Qingdao) (θ―ζ©)
The third customer is Si En (Qingdao), a chip manufacturer owned by the Chinese government. The company was linked to setting up a chip production line for Huawei in 2023. The US government placed SiEn on the Entity List at the end of last year. Huawei's chips, made by SiEn, contribute to China's military capabilities.
Semiconductor Manufacturing Beijing Corporation [δΈθ―δΊ¬ειζη΅θ·―εΆι (εδΊ¬) ζιε
¬εΈ]
This chip manufacturer is a subsidiary of SMIC, which is attempting to compete with TSMC in the production of advanced chips. SMIC is subject to various US sanctions; for example, it is on the Entity List due to its military-civilian cooperation. The US also associates it with production for the Chinese armed forces.
Shenzhen International Quantum Academy (ζ·±ε³ε½ι
ιεη η©Άι’)
This quantum applications research institute received a "Deep UV lithography machine" from ASML on Feb 5, 2024. The type of DUV machine involved is unknown.
The institute, which falls under the Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, states on its website that it conducts research into "quantum sensing," a technique for making extremely accurate measurements. The Dutch intelligence service MIVD (Military Intelligence and Security Service) explicitly warns against Chinese interest in quantum sensing in its annual report.
=====
It appears that the ASML parts involved are not subject to Dutch or European export restrictions. But four experts, two from Delft University of Technology and two from Eindhoven University of Technology, said the ASML components exported to the Chinese customers were essential for the operation of a lithography machine.
As for the DUV machine sold to the Shenzhen quantum research institute, itβs unclear what type of DUV machine was involved or whether ASML required prior approval from Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the sale.
nos.nl/nieuwsuur/arti
nos.nl/nieuwsuur/arti
nos.nl/nieuwsuur/arti
video (in Dutch) nos.nl/nieuwsuur/vide or youtu.be/MlIqPSwKAqU?si