ãã¶ã»ããªãŒã»ãã¬ã¹ïŒThe Free PressïŒããç¬å å ¥æããæ åã®äžã§ããžã§ã³ããŒå»çã«æºããå»åž«ãã¡ã¯ãè£ä»ããšãªã蚌æ ããªããŸãŸã匱ãç«å Žã«ããè¥è ã«äººçãå€ãããããªåŠçœ®ãè¡ã£ãŠããããšãèªããããã«ãããèªãã«ããæã£ãŠããããšãæããã«ãªã£ãã
ã
by ãªãªã»ãµãã¢ïŒLeor SapirïŒãã2025幎12æ4æ¥
ïŒâ» 以äžã¯ãåœå庫ã«ãã仮蚳ïŒ
ã
誰ãèããŠããªããšãããžã§ã³ããŒå»çã®èšåºå»ãã¡ã¯ãäžè¬ã®å»åŠçã倧è¡ã«åããŠè©±ããšããšã¯å šãç°ãªãè©±ãæ¹ã仲éå ã§è¡ã£ãŠããã
éšå€è ãå ±éé£ãã·ã£ããã¢ãŠãããåŠäŒã®å Žã§ããžã§ã³ããŒèšåºå»ãã¡ã¯ççŽã«èªãåã£ãŠããã圌ãã話é¡ã«ããã®ã¯ã女ã®åã«ãªããããšèšãå°å¹Žãã¡ããç·ã®åã«ãªãããã«çãŸããŠãããšæããå°å¥³ãã¡ã®ããšã§ããã圌ããç°æ§ã®ããã«èŠããããã®å»åŠçã»å€ç§çä»å ¥ã«ã€ããŠã§ãã£ããããã«ãèšåºå»ãã¡ã¯ãæ°ããã¿ã€ãã®æ£è ââãã®äžéšã¯ææ¥æã®è¥è ã§ããââã®ããã®ãæ°ããªåŠçœ®ã«ã€ããŠãè°è«ããããã®æ£è ãã¡ã¯ãããããæ§å¥ãå šããªããã®ãããªå€èŠã«ãªãããšãæãã§ããã
ãã¶ã»ããªãŒã»ãã¬ã¹ïŒThe Free PressïŒããç¬å å ¥æããã2021幎ã«éå¬ãããç±³åœãã©ã³ã¹ãžã§ã³ããŒãã«ã¹å°éå®¶åäŒïŒUSPATHïŒã®åŠäŒæ åã®äžã€ã§ããªã¬ãŽã³å¥åº·ç§åŠå€§åŠïŒOHSUïŒãã©ã³ã¹ãžã§ã³ããŒã»ãã«ã¹ã»ããã°ã©ã ã®ãœãŒã·ã£ã«ã¯ãŒã«ãŒããšã€ããŒã»ãã³ãã³ïŒAmy PenkinïŒæ°ããããçäŸã«ã€ããŠèªã£ãããã³ãã³æ°ã¯èŽè¡ã«å¯Ÿãããã¹ã«ã€ïŒSkyïŒããšããåã®ã髿 ¡ã忥ããã°ããã§åããŠäžäººæ®ãããããŠãã18æ³ïŒåœæïŒã®è¥è ã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããã
ãã³ãã³ã«ãããšãã¹ã«ã€ïŒSkyïŒã¯ãäžéšïŒè¡éïŒãããŒããŒäººåœ¢ã®ããã«ãããããšãã顿ã衚æãããšãããã¹ã«ã€ã¯ããšã€ã»ã¯ã·ã¥ã¢ã«ïŒç¡æ§æïŒã§ãããæ§äº€çµéšããªããå°æ¥ãæ§äº€ãã顿ããªãããšå ±åããŠãããå®éããã³ãã³ã«ããã°ãã¹ã«ã€ã¯ããããªãå¿«æãæããããªããšæã£ãŠããããã¹ãŠã®æ§æåž¯çµç¹ã®é€å»ãå¯èœã§ããããšãæãã§ããããšããã
ããã»ã©é ããªãéå»ã§ããã°ãã¹ã«ã€ã®ãããªæ£è ã«ã¯å¿çåŠçè©äŸ¡ãè¡ãããã¡ã³ã¿ã«ãã«ã¹ã®ã«ãŠã³ã»ãªã³ã°ãæäŸãããŠããã ãããããããé²åãããžã§ã³ããŒå»çã®äžçã§ã¯ãèšåºå»ãã¡ã¯çŸåšãã¹ã«ã€ã®ãããªè¥è ããã®ããžã§ã³ããŒã®ç®æšããéæããã®ãæå©ãããããšèããŠããã
ãã³ãã³æ°ã¯å°éè·ã®ä»²éãã¡ã«å¯Ÿããããã³ãã€ããªãŒïŒç·å¥³äºå ã§ãªãæ§èªèªïŒãçãªåŠçœ®ãžã®èŠæããæ°ãšããŠå¢å ããŠããããšèª¬æããããããããã®åéã¯äŸç¶ãšããŠãã€ããªãŒïŒç·å¥³äºå çïŒãªåæã«åºå·ããŠãããã€ãŸãããããªãã£ã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ïŒnullificationïŒç¡æ§åãæ£è ã®å€æ§åšãå€ç§çã«æ¶å€±ãããããšïŒãããé°èæž©åé è£è¡ïŒpenile preserving vaginoplastyïŒé°èã®äžã«æ¬äŒŒçãªè£ãå€ç§çã«åœ¢æããããšïŒããšãã£ãåŠçœ®ããæ¬æ¥ããã§ããã¹ãã»ã©ã«ã¯å©çšãããããªã£ãŠããªãããšåœŒå¥³ã¯ææããã
ãã³ãã³æ°ã¯ãã¹ã«ã€ïŒSkyïŒã®ãããªæ£è ã«çŽé¢ããéãæ¢åã®ãç ç©¶ãããã±ã¢åºæºïŒStandards of CareïŒãã¯ãæ£è ã®ããŒãºãæºããã«ã¯ååã§ã¯ãªãããšè¿°ã¹ããç§ãã¡ã¯æ¬¡ã®æ®µéãžé²ã¿ã衚æãããæ£è ã®ããŒãºã«åãããŠæã ãã©ã®ããã«é²åããé©åããŠããããçå£ã«èããå¿ èŠãããããšèªã£ãã
ãã³ãã³ã®ååã§ããå¿çåŠè ã®ã¡ã¢ã»ãã«ã·ã°ãªãªæ°ãããã«åæããèªèº«ããŸãã«ãããå®è·µããŠãããšè¿°ã¹ãããã«ã·ã°ãªãªã¯åŠäŒåå è ã«å¯Ÿãããã¡ã³ã¿ã«ãã«ã¹ã®å°éå®¶ãå¿çåŠè ã®åœ¹å²ããã²ãŒãããŒããŒïŒéçªïŒã§ã¯ãªãã³ã©ãã¬ãŒã¿ãŒïŒååè ïŒãšããŠåå®çŸ©ããããšãéèŠã ããšèªã£ããããã¯ã€ãŸãããè§£é¢æ§åäžæ§é害ïŒå€éäººæ ŒïŒããã粟ç¥ç ïŒpsychosisïŒããšãã£ãæ·±å»ãªç²Ÿç¥çŸæ£ãæ±ããæ£è ã§ãã£ãŠããå»çããŒã ãæè¡ãè¡ãããšã«ãäžå®ãæããããšããçç±ã ãã§ã¯ããžã§ã³ããŒé©åæè¡ããé€å€ããŠã¯ãªããªãããšãæå³ããããšãã«ã·ã°ãªãªã¯èª¬æããã
ãã«ã·ã°ãªãªæ°ã¯ãå€ç§ããŒã ã®äžå¡ã§ããããšã¯ãæ£è ã⊠ã±ã¢ãããã²ãŒãããã®ãå©ãããæ©äŒãæäŸãããšè¿°ã¹ããç¹ã«ãæ£è ãæ±ããŠããã®ããåäŸã®ãªãæè¡ããããããªã¹ã¯ã®é«ãæè¡ãã§ããå Žåãããã¯å¿ èŠäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãããšããã
ã¹ã«ã€ïŒSkyïŒã«é¢ããŠèšãã°ãå»çã·ã¹ãã ã¯äŸç¶ãšããŠæäœéã®ç£ç£ãæ±ããŠãããç¹ã«åŠçœ®ã«å¯Ÿããä¿éºé©çšãæ±ããå Žåã¯ããã§ãããšãã³ãã³ã¯èª¬æããããã³ãã³ã«ããã°ãã¹ã«ã€ã¯ã¡ã³ã¿ã«ãã«ã¹ã®å°éå®¶ããã2éã®æšèŠç¶ããå ¥æããããšãã§ããæ³çã«ã¯æäººã§ãããã®ãã£ãŒã³ãšã€ãžã£ãŒãå»å¢ãããéãéãããã
ã
ãã
ãéå€§ãªæŠç¥ç倱ç
ã
ç§ãã¡ãã¹ã«ã€ïŒSkyïŒããã®ä»ã®è¥è ãã¡ã®äºäŸãç¥ãããšãã§ããã®ã¯ããã蚎èšã®ãããã§ããããããŠãã®èšŽèšã«ããããã¶ã»ããªãŒã»ãã¬ã¹ãã¯ãããã®åŠäŒã§é²ç»ãããèšé²ã®äžéšã«ç¬å çã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããããšãã§ãããã®å 容ãä»ååããŠå ¬ã«ãããããšãšãªã£ãã
è¿å¹Žãç±³åœ27å·ïŒãã®ã»ãŒå šãŠãå ±åå ã®æ¯æãåªå¢ã«ãããïŒããæªæå¹Žè ã®å»åŠçãžã§ã³ããŒç§»è¡ïŒmedical gender transitionïŒãå¶éãŸãã¯çŠæ¢ããæ³åŸã坿±ºããã2022幎ãã¢ã©ããå·ã®ãè匱ãªå ç«¥ãžã®æããããšä¿è·æ³ïŒVulnerable Child Compassion and Protection ActïŒãã¯ããã®ãããªå»çåŠçœ®ãç¯çœªãšããããã¥ãŒãã³ã»ã©ã€ãã»ãã£ã³ããŒã³ïŒHuman Rights CampaignïŒãåéšè²§å°æ³åŸã»ã³ã¿ãŒïŒSouthern Poverty Law CenterïŒãå«ãæš©å©æè·å£äœã¯ããã®æ³åŸãèŠãããã«çŽã¡ã«å·ãæèšŽããããã®èšŽèšââãããŒå¯ŸããŒã·ã£ã«ïŒBoe v. MarshallïŒãè£å€ââã¯ãéå€§ãªæŠç¥ç倱çãšãªã£ãã
åååŽã¯é£éŠå°æ¹è£å€æã«å¯Ÿããäžçãã©ã³ã¹ãžã§ã³ããŒãã«ã¹å°éå®¶åäŒïŒWPATHïŒããã³ãã®ç±³åœæ¯éšã§ããUSPATHã®å°éç¥èã«äŸæ ããããæ±ãããWPATHã¯ãæš©å©æè·å£äœãå»åŠçã«ãããŠããžã§ã³ããŒéåïŒgender dysphoriaïŒãæ±ããè¥è ãžã®æ²»çæäŸæ¹æ³ã«é¢ãããã±ã¢åºæºïŒStandards of CareïŒããšãã圢ã§ãç°è«ã®äœå°ã®ãªãæéãæäŸããŠããããšåºã宣äŒãããŠããã
è£å€æã¯ããã«åæãããã2023幎ãã2024幎ã«ãããŠã¢ã©ããå·ããæ³ç蚌æ é瀺æç¶ããã§å ¥æããWPATHã®ææ³ãšçµè«ã«é¢ããè³æã¯ãã¹ãã£ã³ãã©ã¹ãªãã®ã§ãã£ãã
ç³ãç«ãŠã«ããã°ãWPATHã¯ãæªæå¹Žè ã«å¯Ÿãããã«ã¢ã³çæ³ãæè¡ã®ãæ³å®ãããå©çããä¿¡é Œã§ãã蚌æ ã«åºã¥ããŠããªãããšãçºèŠããç ç©¶è ã«ãããšããã³ã¹ã¬ãã¥ãŒïŒèšŒæ ã®äœç³»çæ€èšŒïŒãé èœãããšãããããŸããWPATHã¯å©ççžåã®ç®¡çã¯ãããããããèªããããšããæ ããèšåºå»ãèªèº«ã®çµæžçããã³ãã®ä»ã®å©çã«æå©ãªå»åŠçæšå¥šãäœæããããšãèš±ããããšéé£ããããäŒãããããšããã«ããã°ãWPATHã¯æç€ºçã«æ¿æ²»çãªçç±ãããæªæå¹Žè ãžã®ãã«ã¢ã³ããã³å€ç§çä»å ¥ã®å¹Žéœ¢å¶éãæ€å»ãããšããã
ãã®äžæ£è¡çºã®ãã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ãããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã»ã¿ã€ã ãºïŒNYTïŒããããšã³ããã¹ããããã¯ã·ã³ãã³ã»ãã¹ããããã·ãã£ã»ãžã£ãŒãã«ãããããŠæš©åšããå»åŠèªãBMJãã«æ²èŒãããã
ãã®èšŽèšã®çµæãã¢ã©ããå·ã¯WPATHããã³USPATHãéå¬ããåŠäŒããã®ä»ã®ã€ãã³ãã®æ°çŸæ¬ã«åã¶ãããªãå ¥æããããšãšãªã£ãããããã®ãããªã¯ãéšå€è ãèããŠããªããšèããŠãããšãããžã§ã³ããŒèšåºå»ãã¡ããããåºãå»åŠçãäžè¬å€§è¡ã«å¯ŸããŠèªãããšãšã¯ç°ãªãã仲éå ã§ã©ã®ããã«è©±ããŠããããç¥ãæ©äŒãæäŸããŠããã
äŸãã°ããã¶ã»ããªãŒã»ãã¬ã¹ãããã®ä»ã®åºçç©ã¯ããåäŸãèªæ®ºããããšããæ ¹æ ã®ãªãè ãã«ãã£ãŠãå®¶æãæªæå¹Žè ã®ãžã§ã³ããŒç§»è¡ãæ¿èªããããå§åããããããŠãã宿 ãèšé²ããŠããããããã¯ãäžåŠçãå«ãå€ãã®æ·±å»ãªå¯äœçšãåŒãèµ·ããå¯èœæ§ã®ããã人çãå€ãããžã§ã³ããŒå»çä»å ¥ã®å®å šæ§ãšå¿ èŠæ§ã«ã€ããŠãããã«èåœã®ä¿èšŒã®èšæããªãããŠãããã«ã€ããŠãèšé²ãããŠããã
å»ã6æããã©ã³ã¹ãžã§ã³ããŒæè·å£äœã«ãšã£ãŠäžå©ãªçµæãšãªã£ãå¥ã®è£å€ã«ãããŠãé£éŠæé«è£å€æã¯è¥è ã®ãžã§ã³ããŒå»çç§»è¡ãå¶éããå·æ³ã¯åæ²ã§ãããšã®å€æ±ºãäžããããã«ããã¢ã©ããå·ã®æ³çåå©ã確å®ãããã¢ã©ããå·æ³ã«å¯ŸããåååŽã®è£å€ãçµçµã«åããäžãWPATHã®ä»£è¡šè ãã¡ã¯ãããªãéå ¬éïŒå°å°ïŒã®ãŸãŸã«ããããè£å€æã«æ±ãããã圌ãã¯æèšŽããã
ã
ã
ããäžç·ã«ææ¢ãã§ãããã
ã
é²é³èšé²ããã®æå€§ã®æŽé²ã®äžã€ã¯ããããã®èšåºå»ãã¡ãã蚌æãããŠããªããäžèŠå®éšçãšãèšããæ²»çãè¡ã£ãŠããããšãèªããŠããç¹ã§ããããããããããã³ã«ïŒæ±ºããããæç¶ãïŒã«åŸãããæ£åŒãªç ç©¶ãè¡ããããå«çå§å¡äŒã®æ¿èªãæ±ããããŠããªãã±ãŒã¹ãå€ããšæãããããããã®èšåºå»ãã¡ã¯ãèªåãã¡ã®ç®æšã¯æ£è ã®ã身äœçå ·çŸåïŒembodimentïŒãã®é¡æãæºããããšã§ããããã®é¡æãäœã§ããããããå®è¡ããããã«ã¯ãã¬ã€ãã©ã€ã³ããéžè±ãããå¿ èŠããããããããªããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããã
æ£è ã®ã身äœçå ·çŸåã®ç®æšããæºãããšã¯ã©ãããããšãã説æããããã«ãOHSUã®ããŒã¬ã³ããã«ãŒå°å ç é¢ãžã§ã³ããŒã¯ãªããã¯ã®å°å å åæ³å°éå»ã§ãããã€ãªãŒã»ãã€ã³ãºïŒHayley BainesïŒã¯ã2022幎ã®WPATHåŠäŒã§ãè€åçãªçäŸããçºè¡šããã
ãã€ã³ãºæ°ã¯ããã³ãã€ããªãŒïŒä»£åè©ã¯ã圌女/圌ãïŒshe/theyïŒãïŒãèªèªãã13æ³ã®å°å¹Žã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããããã®å°å¹Žã®ãè¿°ã¹ãããç®æšã¯ãããã£ã±ããæ¬²ãããããããŠãèªåã®æ§åšã¯æ©èœãããŸãŸã§ããŠã»ãããããšãããã®ã§ãã£ããå°å¹Žãšãåããããã³ãã€ããªãŒããèªèªããä»ãæ·»ãã®èŠªã¯ããã«ã¢ã³çæ³ãå°å¹Žã®å°æ¥ã®åŠåæ§ãæãªãå¯èœæ§ããããšèããŠãäºäººãšããé©ããããšãããèšåºããŒã ã®åœ¹å²ã¯ããåŠåæ§ãåèµ·èœåãžã®åœ±é¿ããå°å¹Žã®ãç®æšãã®äžã§ã©ã®ããã«äœçœ®ã¥ããããããçè§£ããããšã ããšãã€ã³ãºã¯èª¬æãããå°å¹Žããã»ã©ãŽã£ïŒããã人çãã仿¹ãªãïŒããšçãããšãçç©åŠçãªå«ãæãã§ããèŠªã¯æ³£ãåºãããšããã
äžéšã®èšåºå»ã«ãšã£ãŠãWPATHã®åŠäŒã¯ãè匱ãªç«å Žã«ããè¥è ã«å¯ŸããŠæ°ããåŠçœ®ãè¡ãããšãžã®æžå¿µã«ã€ããŠå®å šã«è°è«ã§ããå Žæã§ãã£ãã圌ãã¯ããããžã§ã³ããŒå»åž«ããå»åŠã®éçé åããšåŒã¶å Žæã§å»çè¡çºãè¡ãããšã«ãããæ³çããã³ãã®ä»ã®çµæãã身ãå®ãæ¹æ³ã«ã€ããŠè°è«ããã
WPATHã¯ãã±ã¢åºæºããäžå®æã«æŽæ°ããŠããã2022幎ã¯ç¬¬8çïŒSOC 8ïŒããªãªãŒã¹ããã幎ã ã£ãããã®æ¹èšã§ã¯ãããã³ãã€ããªãŒããšããç« ãå«ãããã€ãã®æ°ããç« ã远å ããããWPATHã¯ãã®çšèªãåºç¯ã«å®çŸ©ããŠããã
ãã±ã¢åºæºãïŒç¬¬8çïŒã®èª¬æã«ããã°ããã³ãã€ããªãŒã§ããããã«ã¯ãèªèº«ã®ãå²ãåœãŠãããæ§å¥ãã«é¢é£ãã瀟äŒçæåŸ ãšé£ãéããå çãªãžã§ã³ããŒæèŠïŒinternal sense of genderïŒããæã£ãŠããã ãã§ãããããã«ã¯ããå äœæ°æãé西æŽçãªãžã§ã³ããŒãã®ã»ãããè€æ°ã®æ§èªèªãåæãŸãã¯ç°ãªãææã«æã€äººã ïŒäŸïŒãã€ãžã§ã³ããŒïŒãæ§èªèªãæããªããŸãã¯äžç«çãªæ§èªèªãæã€äººã ïŒäŸïŒãšã€ãžã§ã³ããŒãŸãã¯ãã¥ãŒãããŠïŒãä»ã®ãžã§ã³ããŒã®èŠçŽ ãå å«ãŸãã¯æ··åããæ§èªèªãæã€äººã ïŒäŸïŒããªãžã§ã³ããŒãããããŒã€ãããã¬ãŒã«ïŒãããã³/ãŸãã¯æéã®çµéãšãšãã«ãžã§ã³ããŒãå€åãã人ã ãïŒãžã§ã³ããŒãã«ã€ãïŒãå«ãŸãããOHSUã®ãžã§ã³ããŒã»ã¯ãªãã·ã£ã³ãã¡ãè°è«ããããäºäŸã«ã¯ãæ ç»ãããããŒã»ãã©ãŒã»ã·ã§ãŒãã®ããã©ã³ã¯ã³ã»ãã«ã¿ãŒããèªåã®æ§èªèªã ãšæ°ã¥ããããšèšããã£ãŒã³ãšã€ãžã£ãŒãå«ãŸããŠããã
ãã±ã¢åºæºãã§ã¯ããã³ãã€ããªãŒã¯ãã©ã³ã¹ãžã§ã³ããŒã®ã¢ã€ãã³ãã£ãã£ã®äžã§æ¥éã«æé·ããŠããåéã§ããããã©ã³ã¹ãžã§ã³ããŒäººå£ã®æšå®25ã50ããŒã»ã³ããå ããç¹ã«è¥è ã®éã§ãã®å²åãé«ããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããã
ã¢ã³ããªãªãŒã«ã§éå¬ããã2022幎ã®WPATHåŠäŒã®ãããªã«ã¯ãããã³ãã€ããªãŒãã®ç« ã®3人ã®å·çè ã«ãããã¬ãŒã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ãåããããŠããããã«ã®ãŒã®å¿çåŠè ãšãºã»ã¢ããã³ã¹ïŒJoz MotmansïŒãè±åœã®å åæ³ã³ã³ãµã«ã¿ã³ãã§ããã¬ã€ãã³ã»ã·ãŒã«ïŒLeighton SealïŒããããŠç±³åœã®èšåºå¿çåŠè ããŒã©ã»ã¯ãŒããŒïŒLaura KuperïŒã§ããã
質çå¿çã®æéã«ããžã§ã³ããŒæè¡ã»ã³ã¿ãŒã§åããŠãããšãã女æ§ãããªãå·çè ãã¡ã¯ãã³ãã€ããªãŒã®æè¡ãæ±ãã人ã ã«å¯ŸãããŸããå€è·çš®ããŒã ïŒmultidisciplinary teamïŒãã«çžè«ããããšãæšå¥šããã®ããšè³ªåããã質åè ã¯ããã®æ¡é ãããããã圢æ ã®å»åŠçãè¯å®ïŒaffirmationïŒã±ã¢ãã«å¯Ÿããéå£ãåãé€ãããšããWPATHã®å ¬èšãããç®æšãšççŸããŠãããšææãããè€æ°ã®å»çå°éå®¶ãšã®åè°ãçµãªããã°ãªããªãããšã¯ãããå¶éçãã«æããããããšåœŒå¥³ã¯äžæºãè¿°ã¹ãã
ã·ãŒã«æ°ã¯ããã®æšå¥šã¯ãäž»ã«ååã®å®åå®¶ãå®ãããã®æžå¿µããåºããã®ã ãšèª¬æããã圌ã¯ãäžéšã®æ£è ãåŠçœ®ãåŸæããããšã¯é¿ããããªããšãããããèªåã®åšãã«ãããã¯ãŒã¯ããããèšåºããŒã ãå人ãšååããŠæ±ºå®ãäžããã®ã§ããã°ããããã«ã€ããŠã®å«ççåŽé¢ã¯æ€èšãããâŠâŠããšèšããæ çµã¿ãæã€ããšã«ãªãããšè¿°ã¹ãã
ã·ãŒã«æ°ã¯ããããã®å»çä»å ¥ãããã®æå¹æ§ã«é¢ãã蚌æ ãã»ãšãã©ããããã¯å šããªãç¶æ ã«åºã¥ããŠããããšãèªããã
åœŒã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«è¿°ã¹ãããç§ãã¡ã¯ããã§ãçµæã«é¢ããããŒã¿ããªãåŠçœ®ãè¡ã£ãŠããŸããã§ããããåç é¢ã®åå¥ã®å«çå§å¡äŒã«è¡ã£ãŠããããã®æè¡ãå»åŠåéã®ãéçé åïŒedgeïŒãã«ãããšããçç±ã§å«ççãªèš±å¯ãåŸãããšããªãéããèªåããµããŒãããŠãããã¡ã«ããºã ãåšå²ã«æã€å¿ èŠããããŸããããã§ãªããã°ãããªãã¯ç¡é²åïŒvulnerableïŒã«ãªãå¯èœæ§ããããŸãããããç§ãã¡ã®æèŠã§ãã
å®éãæ§ã ãªãã«ã¢ã³çæ³ãå€ç§çä»å ¥ãåããè¥è ã®æ°ãå¢å ããŠããã身äœçã»ç²Ÿç¥çã«å®³ãåãããšå ¬è¡šããããã«ãªã£ãŠãããäžéšã®äººã ã¯ãè±ãã©ã³ã¹è ïŒdetransitionersïŒããšããŠç¥ãããå»åŠçç§»è¡ã®åœ±é¿ãå ã«å埩ãŸãã¯è»œæžããããšããŠãããäžã«ã¯ãææ¥æã®åæã«ä¹³æ¿åé€è¡ãåãããããã«ã¢ã³å€ã§èº«äœãå·ã€ããããã人ã ãããžã§ã³ããŒå»çç§»è¡ã®å¿ èŠæ§ãšçµæã«ã€ããŠèª€ã£ã説æãåãããšããŠãå»çæäŸè ã蚎ããŠããã±ãŒã¹ãããã
ïŒWPATHã®ãã±ã¢åºæºãã¯ãè±ãã©ã³ã¹è ã«ã€ããŠã¯ããŸãè§ŠããŠããªãã圌ãã®ããã®ç« ã¯ãªããWPATHã¯è±ãã©ã³ã¹ã¯ãçšã§ãããšæãããããšã誀ã£ãŠäž»åŒµããŠãããïŒ
ã·ãŒã«æ°ã®ã»ãã·ã§ã³ã®çµããã«ããŠã¿å·ã®ããèšåºå»ã¯ãèªåããã³ãã€ããªãŒã®ä»å ¥ãæ±ãã人ã ããåçã«å¢å ãããå²åã§èšºãŠãããšè¿°ã¹ãããããŠã圌ãã«äœãæäŸãã¹ãã確信ãæãŠãªãããšè¿°ã¹ãã
ãã®èšåºå»ã¯ããã³ãã€ããªãŒã®æè¡ã®æ°èŠæ§ã«ã¯äœã®åé¡ããªããšåŒ·èª¿ããããããªã«ãããšãåœŒå¥³ã¯æäŸå¯èœãªãžã§ã³ããŒé¢é£ã®åŠçœ®ãéããããã³ã¿ã¬ã¹ãïŒPinterestïŒã®ããŒããã®ãããªãã®ãäœããšããã¢ã€ãã¢ããæ°ã«å ¥ã£ãŠããã
圌女ã¯ãèªåãä»ã®WPATHã®èšåºå»ãã¡ããé²ã¿ãªããã§ã£ã¡äžããŠããïŒmaking it up as they went alongïŒã ãã®ããã«æããŠãããšèšããããªãããšããããšè¿°ã¹ãããã ã£ãŠãç§ãã¡ã¯çããã å³èã§ãã£ãŠããïŒwinging itïŒã ãã®ããã«æããã§ãããïŒãããã§ããããã§ãã貎æ¹ãææ¢ããªãã§ããããããã§ãããã¶ãç§ãã¡ã¯ããããäžç·ã«ææ¢ãã§ãã£ãŠãããããããªãã⊠ã
ã
ã
ãããå€ãã®å€ç§å»ãå·»ã蟌ã
ã
ã¹ã«ã€ïŒSkyïŒããã®åŸã©ããªã£ããã¯åãããªãããããã圌ã®ãããªè¥è ãã¡ããã¹ã«ã€ãæ±ããŠãããããªæ§åšæ¶å€±æè¡ãåããããšã¯åãã£ãŠããã
WPATHã®ãã±ã¢åºæºã2022幎æ¹èšçïŒç¬¬8çïŒã«ãããããäžã€ã®æ°ããç« ã¯ãå»å¢è ïŒEunuchsïŒãã®ç« ã§ãããWPATHã¯ãå»å¢è ãããåºçæã«ç·æ§ãšå²ãåœãŠãããè ïŒAMABïŒã§ãç·æ§çãªèº«äœçç¹åŸŽãç·æ§åšããŸãã¯æ§åšæ©èœãæé€ããããšæãè ããšå®çŸ©ããŠããã
ãå»å¢è ïŒEunuchsïŒãå¶åºŠã¯æŽå²ãéããŠèšé²ãããŠãããå žåçã«ã¯å眰ã奎é·åã®äžåœ¢æ ãšããŠããããã¯è¥ãç·æ§ææã®å£°å€ãããé²ãããã«è¡ãããŠãããWPATHã¯å»å¢é¡æããžã§ã³ããŒã»ã¢ã€ãã³ãã£ãã£ïŒæ§èªèªïŒãšããŠåå®çŸ©ããã
ãã±ã¢åºæºãã®èª¬æã«ããã°ããå»å¢è ãã¯ãå°å æãŸãã¯ææ¥æã«èªèº«ã®ã¢ã€ãã³ãã£ãã£ã«æ°ã¥ãããšããããããããŠä»ã®ããã©ã³ã¹ãžã§ã³ããŒããžã§ã³ããŒã»ãã€ããŒã¹ïŒæ§ã®å€æ§ãªäººã ïŒããšåæ§ã«ãå»å¢è ã¯ãåšçžåããããã°ã«ãŒãã§ãããšãããã
WPATHã®2022幎幎次ç·äŒã§ã¯ããå»å¢è ãã®ç« ã®2人ã®å·çè ãã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢å·ç«å€§åŠãã³æ ¡ã®äººé¡åŠåèªææã§ããããŒãã¹ã»Wã»ãžã§ã³ãœã³ïŒThomas W. JohnsonïŒãšããã¹ãã³ã®ãã¹ã»ã€ã¹ã©ãšã«ã»ãã£ãŒã³ãã¹å»çã»ã³ã¿ãŒã®å»åž«ãã€ã±ã«ã»Sã»ã¢ãŒãŠã£ã°ïŒMichael S. IrwigïŒãç ç©¶çºè¡šãè¡ã£ãïŒãã®ãããªã¯ãžã£ãŒããªã¹ãã®ãŠã§ã¹ãªãŒã»ã€ã³ã«ãã£ãŠæåã«å ¬éãããïŒã
ãžã§ã³ãœã³æ°ã¯ãå»å¢è ã¢ã€ãã³ãã£ãã£ã®åå ã«ã¯ãç·æ§ã§ããªã âŠâŠå¥³æ§ã§ããªãâŠâŠãããããšãã顿ããã[èªåã®]æ§åšã[èªåã®]身äœã®é©åãªäžéšã§ã¯ãªããšããæèŠãããããŠã極床ã®ãã§ãã£ãã·ã¥ãŸãã¯ãã©ãã£ãªã¢éå®³ïŒæ§åé¯ïŒããå«ãŸãããšèª¬æããã
å åæ³å°éå»ã§ããã¢ãŒãŠã£ã°æ°ã¯ããå€ãã®å»å¢è ïŒEunuchsïŒãå®éã«å»å¢ãåããã圌ã®ãããªå»åž«ã«ç¶ç¶çãªæ²»çãæ±ããŠããããããã®ãããã¯ã«èå³ãæã£ããšè¿°ã¹ãã
å»å¢è ã«é¢ããè¬æŒã®è³ªçå¿çã§å¯äžç°è°ãå±ããã®ã¯ããžã§ã³ãœã³ãšã¢ãŒãŠã£ã°ããå»å¢ïŒcastrationïŒããšããèšèã䜿ã£ãããšã«å¯Ÿããããããã¹ãã£ã°ãïŒçå°ïŒãäžããããšèããèŽè¡ã®äžäººã ãã§ãã£ãã
å¥ã®èŽè¡ã§ããèåãªãžã§ã³ããŒå€ç§å»ããŒãã¹ã»ãµãã¿ãŒãã¯ã€ãïŒThomas SatterwhiteïŒã¯ãã²ã€ç·æ§ã«å¯ŸããŠåããŠå»å¢æè¡ãè¡ãåã«æ±ããŠããç念ãå æããã®ã«ããžã§ã³ãœã³æ°ãããã«å©ãã«ãªã£ãããåæ³ããã
ããã以æ¥ãç§ã¯ããªãã®æ°ã®ãã®çš®ã®æè¡ãè¡ã£ãŠããŸããããã®ä»ã®ããããããéæšæºçããªæ§åšããã³ãžã§ã³ããŒé©åæè¡ãè¡ã£ãŠããŸãããšãµãã¿ãŒãã¯ã€ãæ°ã¯è¿°ã¹ãã
ãµã³ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã³ã§ãžã§ã³ããŒæè¡ãå°éãšããæ°éã¯ãªããã¯ãã¢ã©ã€ã³ã»ãµãŒãžã«ã«ã»ã¢ãœã·ãšã€ãïŒAlign Surgical AssociatesïŒããèšç«ãããµãã¿ãŒãã¯ã€ãæ°ã¯ãã©ãããã°ãã®åéã§ãããå€ãã®å€ç§å»ãå·»ã蟌ã¿ãããã®ãããªæè¡ãè¡ãããããšãã§ããããç¥ãããã£ããã¢ãŒãŠã£ã°ã¯ãWPATHã®ææ°ã®ãã±ã¢åºæºãã«ãå»å¢è ïŒEunuchsïŒãã®ç« ãå«ãŸããããšã¯ããå ¬åŒã¬ã€ãã©ã€ã³ã«èŒã£ããšããæå³ã§éåžžã«å€§ããããšçããã
ã¢ãŒãŠã£ã°æ°ã«ããã°ããéžè±ããè¡çºïŒrogueïŒã§ããã©ãã«ã«å·»ã蟌ãŸãããâŠâŠ å»åž«å èš±ãå¥å¥ªãããããããããªããšãããŠããããšèŠãããããšãæãŸãªãå»åž«ãå€ç§å»ãå€ããããšããã
æ°ããã¬ã€ãã©ã€ã³ã¯ãã圌ãã®æžå¿µã®äžéšã軜æžãããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã€ãšåœŒã¯è¿°ã¹ãã
ãã¶ã»ããªãŒã»ãã¬ã¹ãã¯WPATHããã³ãã®èšäºã§åŒçšããããããªã§çºèšããå人ããããã«ã³ã¡ã³ããæ±ãããOHSUã¯èšåºå»ã代衚ããŠã³ã¡ã³ããæåŠããããžã§ã³ãœã³æ°ã¯èªèº«ã®çºèšãæ¯æãããšè¿°ã¹ãããå»å¢è ã¢ã€ãã³ãã£ãã£ã®åå ã®äžã€ã説æããèšèãšããŠã¯ããã§ãã£ãã·ã¥ããããã©ãã£ãªã¢ã®æ¹ãé©åã ããšä»ãå ãããä»ã®äººã ããã¯åçããªãã£ãã
ã
ã
ãæ°ããæä»£
ã
å°å ãžã§ã³ããŒç§»è¡ã®èµ·æºã¯ãå¿ççåé¡ã«å¯ŸããçŸå®¹ç解決çãšããŠ20äžçŽåŸåã«å§ãŸã£ãããããŸã§ããžã§ã³ããŒå»çã®åéå šäœã¯æ¥µããŠå°ãããäž»ã«ãæäººã®ãã©ã³ã¹ã»ã¯ã·ã¥ã¢ã«ïŒæ§è»¢æçïŒãã«çŠç¹ãåœãŠãããŠããããããã¯äž»ã«ã女æ§ãšããŠéçšããããšïŒpassingïŒãæ±ããäžå¹Žã®ç·æ§ã§ãã£ãã
æªæå¹Žè ãžã®å»åŠçç§»è¡ãæåã«ææ¡ãããªã©ã³ãã®èšåºå»ãã¡ã¯ãæäººç·æ§ãã¡ãæè¡ãåããæ±ºæã«ã¯æŠãæºè¶³ããŠãããšè¿°ã¹ããã®ã®ãçæŽ»ç¶æ³ãå¿ ãããæ¹åããŠããªãããšã芳å¯ããŠããããããã®ææ¡ãè¡ã£ãããªã©ã³ãã®èšåºå»ãã¡ã¯ããã®åå ã®äžéšã¯ãç·æ§ãšããŠã®ææ¥æã®åœ±é¿ïŒåºãè©å¹ ãäœã声ãªã©ã®ç¹åŸŽãæ®ãããšïŒãåããåŸã«å¥³æ§ãšããŠãã¹ããããšã®é£ããã«ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããããšä»®èª¬ãç«ãŠãã
ããã§ãªã©ã³ãã®èšåºå»ãã¡ã¯è§£æ±ºçãèãåºãããããããããããè¥å¹Žæ§ãã©ã³ã¹ã»ã¯ã·ã¥ã¢ã«ãã®æ£è ã人çã®æ©ã段éãã€ãŸãã誀ã£ããææ¥æã圌ããæä¹ çã«å€ããŠããŸãããåã«ç¹å®ãããã©ããªãã ãããïŒãå°å¹Žã®ææ¥æããããã¯ãããã®åŸãšã¹ããã²ã³ãæäžããç¶ããŠæ§åšæè¡ãè¡ãã°ãæäººæã«è³ã£ããšãã«çŸå®¹çã«ã女æ§ãšããŠãã¹ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªããïŒ
1990幎代ã圌ãã¯ãã®ã¢ã€ãã¢ãå®è·µã«ç§»ããããã¯ããªã©ã³ãåŒãããã³ã«ïŒDutch ProtocolïŒããšããŠç¥ãããããã«ãªã£ããå³å¯ãªæ€èšŒãè¡ãããããšã¯äžåºŠããªãã£ãããããã¯æ¬§ç±³è«žåœå šäœã«æ¥éã«åºãŸã£ããããã©ã³ã¹ã»ã¯ã·ã¥ã¢ã«ïŒæ§è»¢æçïŒããšããèšèã¯æšãŠå»ãããããã©ã³ã¹ãžã§ã³ããŒïŒtransgenderïŒããåã£ãŠä»£ããããå çãªãžã§ã³ããŒæèŠãããåºçæã«å²ãåœãŠããããæ§å¥ãšäžèŽããªããããã人ãæãå æ¬çãªçšèªãšãªã£ãã
2010幎代ã«å ¥ããšãææ¥æã®è¥è ãã¡ââãã®å€ãã¯ææ çã»å¿ççãªåé¡ãæ±ããå代ã®å°å¥³ãã¡ã ââããããã©ã³ã¹ãžã§ã³ããŒã§ããããšå®£èšãããåäŸã®ãªãæ¥å¢ãå§ãŸã£ããå€ãã®è ã«ã¯å¹Œå°æã®ãžã§ã³ããŒéåïŒæ§å¥éåïŒã®å±¥æŽããªãã£ãããããã圌女ãã¡ã¯åŒ·åãªç·æ§ãã«ã¢ã³ïŒå幎霢ã®å°å¥³ã®æ£åžžå€ã®çŽ6åãã100åã®éã§æäžãããïŒãšãå¥åº·ãªä¹³æ¿ãåé€ããæè¡ãæ±ããã
åæã«ãã¢ã€ãã³ãã£ãã£äž»çŸ©ãžã®åºå·ã欧米ã®ãªãã©ã«å±€ãåžå·»ãå§ããå»åŠçã®ãã©ã³ã¹æè·æŽŸã¯ãç°æ§ã®æ§æå¡ãšããŠèªèãããããã«åäžåããããšãå®å šã«ãéžæçïŒoptionalïŒããªãã®ãšã¿ãªããæ°ããæ²»çç®æšãåãå ¥ãå§ããã
ãã®èãæ¹ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãããªãã®ã§ããããæ§å¥äºå è«ïŒãžã§ã³ããŒã»ãã€ããªãŒïŒãã¯ãæ€æ°å°äž»çŸ©ã«æ ¹ããããïŒããWPATHã®è¬æŒè ãè¿°ã¹ãããã«ïŒæå§çãªç€ŸäŒæ§ç¯ç©ã§ãããšãããªãããªãå代ã®è¥è ã«ããã«åŸãããä¿ãå¿ èŠãããã®ãïŒã
OHSUã®ããŒã¬ã³ããã«ãŒå°å ç é¢ãžã§ã³ããŒã¯ãªããã¯ã®ãœãŒã·ã£ã«ã¯ãŒã«ãŒã§ãããžã§ã¹ã»ã²ãªãšãïŒJess GuerrieroïŒã¯ã2021幎ã®WPATHåŠäŒã§ãèšåºå»ã¯ãžã§ã³ããŒèŠç¯ã«ãç©æ¥µçã«ç°è°ãå±ãããç°æ§ãžã®åäžåããããçæ£æ§ïŒauthenticityïŒããåªå ãã¹ãã ãšè¿°ã¹ãã
WPATHã®2022幎çãã±ã¢åºæºãïŒç¬¬8çïŒãåºçãããé ã«ã¯ãåçµç¹ã®åŠäŒã«åå ããå€ãã®å®åå®¶ãã¡ããèªåã®èº«äœãèªåã®ãžã§ã³ããŒã®ããžã§ã³ã«åãããŠå€ããããšããæ¬²æ±ã¯ãäž»ã«çŸåŠãšèªå·±è¡šçŸã®åé¡ã§ãããšããèããå®å šã«åãå ¥ããŠãããã¡ã³ã¿ã«ãã«ã¹ã®åé¡ã®èšºæãšæ²»çã¯åŸåãã«ãããã
2022幎ãå ã®ãªã©ã³ãåŒãããã³ã«ã®äžå¿äººç©ã§ããã¢ã³ãã«ãŒã»ãã»ããªãŒã¹ïŒAnnelou de VriesïŒã¯ããBMC Medical Ethicsãèªã«å ±èè«æãçºè¡šãããžã§ã³ããŒå»çã®åéã¯ãå»åŠçä»å ¥ãã¡ã³ã¿ã«ãã«ã¹ã®å©çã確å®ã«çãå Žåã«æ£åœåããããšãããæ¹åã®è«çïŒlogic of improvementïŒããè¶ããŠé²ãã¹ãã ãšäž»åŒµããã
ãã»ããªãŒã¹ãšå ±èè ãã¡ã¯ããã©ã³ã¹ãžã§ã³ããŒãèªèªããã«ããã®æ³åŠè ãããŒã¬ã³ã¹ã»ã¢ã·ã¥ãªãŒïŒFlorence AshleyïŒã®ç ç©¶ãåŒçšãããã¢ã·ã¥ãªãŒã¯ãã®åé¡ãããã«åŒ·èª¿ããŠãããæ²»çã®ç®æšã¯ããžã§ã³ããŒã»ãŠãŒãã©ãªã¢ïŒå€å¹žæïŒããšãåµé çå€å®¹ïŒcreative transfigurationïŒãã®éæã§ããã¹ãã ãšæžããŠãããããã¯ãã身äœããç§»è¡é¢é£ã®ä»å ¥ãéããŠèªåã®ãã®ã«ã§ãããžã§ã³ããŒåãããèžè¡äœåãšããŠèŠããããšãæå³ããã
ãã®æ°ãããã©ãã€ã ïŒæ çµã¿ïŒã¯ãèšåºå»ãã¡ããã¯ãèªåãã¡ã粟ç¥çŸæ£ã®æ²»çãè¡ã£ãŠãããšã¯çè§£ããŠããªãããšãæå³ãããããšãè«æ±ç®çã§ä¿éºäŒç€Ÿã«ã¯ããèšã£ãŠãããšããŠãããããã¯æªæå¹Žã®èŠªãäžè¬å€§è¡ã«å¯ŸããŠãææ¡ããå»åŠçä»å ¥ããåœãæãïŒlifesavingïŒããã®ã§ãããšèšã£ãŠãããšããŠããã§ããã
圌ãã¯ãŸããæ··ä¹±ãèŠæ©ããŠåœŒãã®ããšã蚪ããå€ãã®è¥è ã®ãžã§ã³ããŒã»ã¢ã€ãã³ãã£ãã£ïŒæ§èªèªïŒããäžå®å®ã§å€ãããããæ§è³ªã®ãã®ã§ããããšãèªããããã«ã¯ãããç§°è³ããŠããã
ãç§ãã¡ã¯ããžã§ã³ããŒè¡šçŸãšãžã§ã³ããŒã»ã¢ã€ãã³ãã£ãã£ãéåžžã«å人çãªãã®ã§ãã âŠâŠæéã®çµéãšãšãã«å€åããå¯èœæ§ãããããšãçè§£ããŠããŸãããšã²ãªãšãæ°ã¯è¿°ã¹ããããããŠãç§ãã¡ã¯ãã®æ ã®äžéšã§ããããã®ã§ãã
WPATHã®ãããªã«ãããäžè²«ããããŒãã¯ããžã§ã³ããŒèšåºå»ãã¡ãå€éšã®äžçã«äœãèšãããšãã圌ãèªèº«ã®å éšã®è°è«ã§ã¯ãã¡ã³ã¿ã«ãã«ã¹ããžã§ã³ããŒã»ã¢ã€ãã³ãã£ãã£ã®è©äŸ¡ããè¡ãããå人ã®çŸå®¹çãªãç®æšãã«åºã¥ããŠæ²»çãæ€èšããŠãããšãå€ãã®è ãèªç±ãã€èªãããã«å ¬èšããŠããããšã§ããã
ãã®çµæãè¥ãæ£è ãã¡ã¯ãå ã«æ»ãããšãå°é£ããããã¯äžå¯èœãªå»åŠçä»å ¥ãåããããšã«ãªããããããªãã
ã
ã
ãä»ãäœãèµ·ããŠããã®ãïŒ
ã
ãžã§ãŒã»ãã€ãã³å倧統é ã¯æ¿æš©çºè¶³åœåãæªæå¹Žè ã«å¯Ÿããããããããžã§ã³ããŒè¯å®ã±ã¢ïŒgender-affirming careïŒããžã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹æ¡å€§ãåœãããåœŒã®æ¿æš©ã¯ãã®åŸããããåªå äºé ãšãããçµå±ã®ãšããããã€ãã³ã¯2012幎以æ¥ããã©ã³ã¹ãžã§ã³ããŒéåããçŸä»£ã®å ¬æ°æš©åé¡ããšåŒãã§ããã®ã ããã
ããããããã«ãã»ãã©ã³ã倧統é ã¯2æç®ã®å°±ä»»ããæ°æ¥ä»¥å ã«ããååŠçããã³å€ç§çèº«äœæå·ïŒmutilationïŒããåäŸãã¡ãå®ãããšããåã®å€§çµ±é 什ã«çœ²åããæªæå¹Žè ã®å»çåããããžã§ã³ããŒç§»è¡ã®å®æœãçµããããæªçœ®ãè¬ããããé£éŠæ¿åºæ©é¢ã«æç€ºããã
ãã以æ¥ãç±³åœä¿å¥çŠç¥çïŒHHSïŒã¯ãå°å ãžã§ã³ããŒéåã®æ²»çïŒèšŒæ ãšãã¹ãã»ãã©ã¯ãã£ã¹ã®ã¬ãã¥ãŒããçºè¡šãããïŒæ å ±é瀺ïŒåœèšäºã®å·çè ã®ç§ã¯ããã®å ±åæžã®å¯çš¿è ã§ãã£ãïŒ
ãã®å ±åæžã¯ãããã€ãã®é²æ©çãªãšãŒããã諞åœã§å®æœãããã¬ãã¥ãŒãšåãçµè«ã«éãããããªãã¡ãæªæå¹Žè ãå»åŠçã«ç§»è¡ãããããã®èšŒæ ã¯éåžžã«ä¹ããããšããããšã§ãããæ»èªãçµãHHSã®ã¬ãã¥ãŒã¯ãŸããåºãåãå ¥ããããŠããå»çå«çã®ååã®ã¬ã³ãºãéããŠå°å ã®ç§»è¡ãæ€èšŒãããã®ãããªãžã§ã³ããŒç§»è¡ã«å察ããè«æ ã¯èª¬åŸåããããšçµè«ä»ããã
ãã©ã³ãæ¿æš©ã¯ãŸããæªæå¹Žè ã«ãã«ã¢ã³çæ³ãæè¡ãæäŸããç é¢ãžã®é£éŠè³éã®åŒãæããã¡ãã€ããããžã§ã³ããŒã¯ãªããã¯ã«å¯ŸããŠæ£è ã«é¢ããæ å ±ã®æåºãåœããå¬åç¶ãåºããä¿éºè©æ¬ºã®çãã§èª¿æ»ãéå§ãããã¡ãã£ã±ã¢ã»ã¡ãã£ã±ã€ãã»ãµãŒãã¹ã»ã³ã¿ãŒïŒCMSïŒã¯ãçŽçšè ã®è³éã«ããä¿éºããããã®åŠçœ®ãã«ããŒããããšãçŠæ¢ããèŠåãææ¡ããã
ãã®ãããªè¡åãåºç¯ãªåœæ°ã®æ¯æãåŸãŠããããšä¿¡ããã ãã®çç±ããããæè¿ã®ããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã»ã¿ã€ã ãºãçŽãšã€ããœã¹ïŒIpsosïŒã®äžè«èª¿æ»ã«ãããšãæ°äž»å ããã³æ°äž»å æ¯æå±€ã®ææš©è ã®åæ°ä»¥äžãå«ããç±³åœäººã®7å²ä»¥äžããæªæå¹Žè ã«ææ¥æãããã«ãŒãç°æ§ãã«ã¢ã³ãæäŸãã¹ãã§ã¯ãªããšèããŠããã
ããããä»åŸãæ°äž»å ã«ããæ¡å€§ãšå ±åå ã«ããå¶éã®éã§ãåã«ãã³ãã³ã®ããã«è¡ãæ¥ããã ãã«ãªãã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšããæžå¿µãè¿«ã£ãŠããã
äŸãã°ããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯åžé·ã«éžåºããããŸãŒã©ã³ã»ãã ããïŒZohran MamdaniïŒæ°ã¯ãè¥è ã®ãžã§ã³ããŒç§»è¡ã®æè·è ã§ããããã³ãžã£ãã³ã»ã©ã€ã¢ã³ïŒå»çç§åŠãžã£ãŒããªã¹ãïŒãå ±ããããã«ããã ããã®éžæãã£ã³ããŒã³ã¯ãããã©ã³ã¹ãžã§ã³ããŒã®è¥è ãšæäººã®äž¡æ¹ã®ããã«ãåžå šäœã§ãžã§ã³ããŒè¯å®ã±ã¢ãæ¡å€§ãä¿è·ããããã«ã6500äžãã«ãæ¯åºããããšãçŽæããã
æšå¹Žããã©ã³ããåéžãããåŸãããµãã¥ãŒã»ããå·ã®æ°äž»å äžé¢è°å¡ã»ã¹ã»ã¢ãŒã«ãã³ïŒSeth MoultonïŒã¯ãå ±åå ã®åå©ã®åå ã«æããå·¡ãããèªåã®2人ã®åšããç«¶æå Žã§ç·æ§ãŸãã¯å ç·æ§ã®éžæã«çªãé£ã°ããããã®ã¯æãŸãªããšè¿°ã¹ãã
ããã«ãããã¢ãŒã«ãã³ã¯ãã©ã³ã¹æŽ»åå®¶ãã¡ããã®æ¿ããæè°ã®åµã«ããããããæè¿ãæ°äž»å ã®ãšãã»ããŒããŒïŒEd MarkeyïŒäžé¢è°å¡ã«ææŠãããšçºè¡šããéãã¢ãŒã«ãã³ã¯å¥³åã¹ããŒããæè·ããããšã«ã€ããŠå ¥å¿µãªè¬çœªãè¡ããæªæå¹Žè ã®ããžã§ã³ããŒè¯å®ã±ã¢ããžã®å¶éæ€å»ãæ±ããããŒããŒã®ããã©ã³ã¹ãžã§ã³ããŒæš©å©ç« å žããæ¯æãããšçŽæããã
äžæ¹ãWPATHã¯ãã®èŠè§£ãèŠçŽãå åãèŠããŠããããå°å ã»è¥è ã®å»ççãžã§ã³ããŒç§»è¡ãåãå ¥ããç±³åœã®äž»èŠãªå»åŠåäŒãåæ§ã§ããã
æ¿çãäžè«ã®å Žã§æ¬¡ã ãšæåãå«ããŠããã«ãããããããWPATHã¯äŸç¶ãšããŠããžã§ã³ããŒè¯å®ã±ã¢ã¯å³å¯ãªç ç©¶ãå°éå®¶ã®ã³ã³ã»ã³ãµã¹ãæ£è äžå¿ã®äŸ¡å€èгã«è£æã¡ãããŠããããšäž»åŒµãç¶ããŠããããããŠãããã©ã³ã¹ãžã§ã³ããŒããã³ãžã§ã³ããŒã»ãã€ããŒã¹ïŒæ§ã®å€æ§æ§ïŒãªå人ã®ããã®æ³çãªã±ã¢ãžã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãå®ãããã«æŽ»åããŠããå®åå®¶ãå®¶æãæ£è ãã³ãã¥ããã£ãæ¯æŽããçšæãããããšèªã£ãŠããã
ã
åºå žïŒåæïŒïŒã¶ã»ããªãŒã»ãã¬ã¹ïŒThe Free PressïŒ 2025幎12æ4æ¥