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工商時報LOGO

聯發科毛利率拉警報!晶圓代工、記憶體報價「雙漲」成本拉高 有什麼因應之道?

晶圓代工產能吃緊、記憶體報價走高…致手機晶片毛利率承壓

半導體再掀漲價潮!法人指出,聯發科首當其衝,將影響毛利率。圖/本報資料照片
半導體再掀漲價潮!法人指出,聯發科首當其衝,將影響毛利率。圖/本報資料照片

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聯發科近四季財報三率表現
聯發科近四季財報三率表現

全球半導體再掀漲價潮!晶圓代工產能吃緊,記憶體報價持續走高,從DRAM到NAND全線上揚。對需要記憶體的處理器晶片來說,成本壓力恐上揚;法人指出,聯發科(2454)首當其衝,將影響毛利率。供應鏈觀察,晶片業者透過高階產品比重出貨增加及向下游漲價,維持獲利表現。

AI需求使記憶體三大廠衝刺HBM,排擠包括DDR5在內之產能,非AI伺服器產品直接受影響。手機業者指出,DRAM與Nand交期長,如LPDDR5x(低功耗)介於26~39周,代表現在下單、明年年中才有辦法交貨,價格趨勢未見盡頭。

供應鏈漲價壓縮SoC獲利。法人分析,聯發科手機晶片毛利率進一步承壓,最快第四季毛利表現就會受影響。除記憶體漲價外,來自晶圓代工價格調整亦為其中因素,2026年正式進入兩奈米節點,效能升級外、價格也會有感提升。

聯發科的第三季合併營收為1,421.97億元,毛利率預估47%正負1.5個百分點區間,在匯率有利條件下,有望優於預期;聯發科持續透過產品結構調整,增加旗艦級晶片出貨比重,並打入韓系品牌旗艦級平板,相應減緩毛利率壓力。

業者分析,大部分手機標準版記憶體已提升至12GB,高階記憶體配置比重持續提升,因此近年SoC業者已透過漲價提升ASP;未來手機價格進一步調漲也不令人意外。

晶圓代工價格同樣居高不下。儘管近期再傳韓系晶圓代工業者2奈米良率已達量產標準;惟業界研判,從其自家品牌旗艦晶片出貨量來看,良率仍低於5成,效能表現也僅與龍頭業者N3P製程相當;短時間內晶片設計業者不會貿然採用,以免錯失競爭關鍵期。

晶圓代工與記憶體報價漲聲不斷,引發手機晶片成本上揚「雙重壓力」,對聯發科而言既是挑戰,也是加速轉型催化劑。若能掌握規模經濟並往車用、AI應用端深化,有機會在新一輪產業重組中取得先機。

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