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Figure 1 α-Synuclein has a central role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease
α-Synuclein aggegrates in oligomers and fibrils, and forms Lewy bodies found in the gut, brainstem, and cerebral cortex
Figure 2 Molecular mechanisms contributing to Parkinson's disease
ATP=adenosine triphosphate. ROS=reactive oxygen species.
Figure 3 Proposed peripheral–central immune interactions in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
