r/linuxquestions

The "Disk Usage Analyzer" tool, formerly known as Baobab, used to support multiple windows. This allowed the user to look at the results of a scan while a different scan is running in background, and allowed having multiple scan results open without having to close any existing results.

But at some point, its developers made it so that trying to start a second instance will instead bring the existing window into the foreground.

There is no need for a single-session limitation for Baobab. On some other software like Firefox, multiple instances would interfere with each other in the profile folder, and Firefox has a tabbed and multi-windowed user interface anyway.

But on Baobab, there are no such restrictions.

So what is the purpose of a single-session limitation?

Not aliases or scripts a real, built-in command that saves a stupid amount of time.

I have some scanned documents, some of which contain tables or columns etc. I'm trying to preserve formatting but not pixel perfect, something that resizes or reflows like html or markdown. Or I guess in some cases I might want the tables to go to excel (or libreoffice calc).

what I've tried so far

Scanned the documents with gscan2pdf.

Used tesseract for ocr (via gscan2pdf or ocrmypdf).

Have poppler-utils pdftohtml to convert pdfs to html. It is not picking the text up, it just creates an html index page that links a bunch of jpg images of the pages. Even though the text is ocr'd.

Via gscan2pdf I can generate plain text, which not great for tables and other formats. For simple layouts it can create line breaks where they're not meant to be, or no create line breaks after headings. And there is random gibberish. So documents require a lot of manual cleanup.

Another program I used (can't recall which) put every word is in a span tag with absolute positioning;

I looked at tabula and pdftohtmlex and they only work with text generated pdfs, not scanned documents that generate images in a pdf.

what I'm trying to do

I'm trying to generate reflowable formatted text, similar to HTML or markdown.

So there are headers, bolded text, italics, paragraphs, lists, tables, columns, etc that I'm trying to preserve, but the widths and text placement don't have to be exact.

Is the gap between AMD and Nvidia in terms of support, the bugs a user could encounter, and the system management for a Nvidia card really that bad.

I know driver installation for Nvidia is slightly annoying, depending on the distro, maybe add a few flags in the grub command line, but the gap in usability shouldnt be terrible with Nvidia right?

In particular, I have a JetKVM (IP Based KVM Device) and it's biggest con for me, is that it doesn't have wifi. I could buy a travel router and use that, but I really don't want to. I use that little KVM as a portable KVM all the time and I don't want to have to deal with a travel router and can't always find a ethernet jack to plug up to.

My main laptop runs Ubuntu (PopOS specifically) and I was wondering - is there a way I can use my laptops ethernet port to temporarily act as a network bridge so the I can just plug a ethernet cable from my laptop to the jetkvm and give it its own network connection so it can get an IP from the router via DHCP? That would be a perfect solution.

Technically, it wouldn't need network access, as usually it gets its IP from DHCP from the router and then I can get to its webui from the IP address, however maybe I can give it an IP from my laptop and then connect to it using that?

I would want to script it so I can quickly enable/disable it so that way I can still use the ethernet port of course. Thoughts? Thanks!

I know they've done a shit-ton with Proton, but from what i've heard it's basically Wine but with some patches and modifications, is their big impact mostly just from general support, or did Proton really improve compatibility and performance ontop of Wine?

Hi guys, I've been doing dual boot mint / windows 10 for a while now and faring pretty well. But now out of the blue the windows partition is read only on mint, while I was previously able to edit, delete and move data freely. At the same time my external hardrive isn't being recognized by windows anymore (only shows up in device manager) so that means I'm incapable of moving data in-between the two easily. And I've been using the hd for years with windows.

Anyone know what could've caused this?

I am aware, unlike some people, that XFree86 was not the original X Window. The original X Window was developed at MIT by Jim Gettys and Robert Scheifler. It was meant to be a common GUI system for all sorts of machines, not just UNIX and quasi-UNIX systems. If I am not mistaken, the project was funded by both MIT and DEC. After X Window reached its 11th version, a man named Keith Packard joined the team (based at MIT) and worked with them for a time.

This is where my understanding becomes unclear. By the mid-1990s, there was an active project called XFree86 which brought X Window to the x86 platform. To this day, the X Window implementations found on all of the major Linux distributions descend from that mid-1990s codebase of XFree86.

1. Was the codebase of XFree86 descended from the codebase of the team at MIT led by Gettys and Scheifler, or was XFree86 an original implementation of the X Window protocol?

2. How exactly did the transition between the team at MIT and the XFree86 happen? The information which I can find on the internet seems vague and contradictory.

3. I have heard that the quality of the Xsgi implementation was much better than XFree86. Was the codebase of Xsgi descended form the codebase of the team at MIT, or was it an original implementation of the X Window protocol?

4. Is it possible to see the codebase of Xsgi anywhere? Was it ever archived or made available to the public?

5. What happened to all of the other implementations of X Window besides XFree86? How come every mention of X Window nowadays seems inextricably tied to XFree86?

Thanks a lot.

Hello everyone, I've always been curious, because Linux is commonly associated to people who do or are into programming or anything regarding IT, but what about those of us who are not in that, what reasons do you have for using Linux? What made you switch? What keeps you in?

I'm aware of "apt list --installed" and "dpkg -l" but is there a way to get a list I can use that will install them on a new system rather than installing individually? Linux Mint.

everyone keeps recommending FreeCad but from a quick look it seems to be more focused on 3D modelling, but I need industry grade floorplan modelling.

I have been looking for a Spotify-like music player to use with the songs I have locally. I've been using Quod but it misses the polished UI and features that I was looking for. Shuffle, being able to see the albums with its covers, lyrics, etc.

The best I was able to find was but it looks like it is not being actively maintained and it is a bit buggy. Any suggestions from the community?

I am new to Linux but I am really enjoying learning all there is about Linux's past, and I have noticed a fair share of interesting projects that I am disappointed are now abandoned. Here is one from me:

--

Looking Glass was first developed by Hideya Kawahara, a Sun programmer who wrote it in his spare time on a Linux laptop. After demonstrating an early version to Sun executives, he was assigned to it full-time with a dedicated team and open sourced the project.

- Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

--

Project Looking Glass was a WM licensed under the GPL(2.0) that was written in the Java language primarily made for Linux that also aimed to be crossplatform to other *NIX systems and even Windows! It started as a hobby project but was for a time officially supported by Sun Microsystems. Unless I am missing some hobby project there isn't one written in Java that exists anymore, so Java alone would make it interesting but that's just the surface of it.

Unlike all major environments today it was not just 2D with 3D effects, it was FULLY 3D. It used Java3D with graphical acceleration to build 3d windows for both existing application programs and ones specifically designed for Looking Glass. So the really interesting part of this WM was the unique ways it leveraged it's 3D nature to adopt completely revolutionary features and solutions to problems for the time and honestly, still to this day.

For example, windows were drawn in 3D, and you could turn them around and draw faces at the back of them, that meant that you could theoretically have two different windows on one single window. And the sides of windows had the names of it's title displayed like books! Seriously, - The project has long since been abandoned. It was probably one of the many casualties of the butchering of Sun Microsystems after the 2008 Financial Crisis and it's buyout by , it's last update was in 2007. Java 3D isn't officially maintained anymore either, while a fan maintained project exists it's apparently slow moving with updates. However if one of you renegades out there want to take a look at it for inspiration, of the and other applications that came with it have been mirrored on Github (thanks Ed Fernando!)

--

Sad fact: After a fun demonstration of it at the 2003 Linux Expo, Apple CEO Steve Jobs personally called up the and told him point blank that Apple would sue Sun if they moved forward to commercialize it. Jobs felt the project infringed Apple's intellectual property. Apparently this decision was not the reason it was dropped, since it received support for years after but I am sure it didn't help. - Oh, and just to twist the knife Apple would also later do something suspiciously similar to Project Looking Glass with their widgets & their dock on Leopard. 😕

--

Sorry for the longish write up, but researching this is what made me interested in more projects like this from Linux's past that haven't been documented for us later Linux users to discover. - What are some unique projects that you miss from the past? Sentimental or stuff that would still be revolutionary. Both are fine!

Previous versions that are starkly different from currently maintained projects too, I suppose!

"Error mounting /dev/sba1 at media/USERNAME/Programs: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on dev/sba1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error"

This error appears everytime i have to manually mount my other drive whenever i boot up using Linux Debia 13. I did some research before and found that "sudo ntfsfix -d /dev/sdb1" fix the issue but what i would like to know if is there a way to prevent the error from happening in the first place and also if there's a way to keep my drive mounted all the time without me needing to manually do it everytime i boot. I keep most of my stuff like programs, media, photos, downloads, my steamapps folder and so on there since its 1tb of storage.
any help its welcome

The reason why I ask is because of the recent news that Satya Nadella is planning to force more robotic related features to Windows 11 in the future(aka the Copilot AI stuff that is being added), as well as the fact that they're going to stop supporting Mouse and keyboard for talking to an AI and screensharing with it in 5 years.

Also, another reason I ask is because one thing I'm having a hard time with is, if I already disabled Copilot on Windows, I'm still not certain if I should switch to linux or not since gaming is more stable on Windows than linux.

This is coming back from someone that used Linux for about a year and half as a daily distro and recently switched back to Windows. Don't get me wrong, if I ever get a laptop that isn't a gaming one or build a full AMD PC, I will use Linux, as the possibilities with it are endless and it's kind of fun, but for a lot of people - please, do the research, not only about software, but also hardware.

I'm not going to get into the all the issues I've had, just my personal experience and advice for people looking to switch

• If you use custom game launchers, mod managers or any other custom stuff, try to look for information if it's possible to run it on Linux. Most of the time, they will work, but the chances are, they won't be as easy to set up.

• If you use some peripherals that rely on some software, look into if there are options to manage it on Linux. But still, keep in mind, that if you use some niche thing, there's a chance you won't be able to properly use it on Linux. And even with some popular brands, there still might be issue. For example, my Logitech G920 steering wheel. It is possible to use it, but the drivers have some weird issues that it's not worth the time to try and fix it compared to the time I actually use the wheel.

  • Mice - Piper

  • RGB - OpenRGB, SignalRGB

  • Steering wheels - Oversteer

  • And a bunch of others...

• Here, I might offend some people. Microsoft Office has no competitors. While yes, LibreOffice, OpenOffice and others do exist, Microsoft Office is just, sadly, better. Yes, Office for Web does exist, but it's meh also. But, don't be afraid, there are options to run it on Linux - WinApps, some Windows docker tool (forgot how it's called), virtual machines and I'm guessing in time, there will be other options also.

• A lot of alternative software also works on Windows. So if you wanna test, for example, the before mentioned LibreOffice, or DaVinci Resolve or GIMP or any other stuff, you can do so on Windows and decide if that software will actually fit your needs.

• And the last thing and I think it's the most important one, Linux isn't not as easy as most people like to say. If you use it solely as a Steam gaming machine, get some distro like Bazzite and maybe you'll be alright, or just as a video/documents machine you're fine, but if you use it for much more, I'm 90% sure, you will run into some weird issue at some point, that you wouldn't have on Windows and you will need to run a terminal or look through config files to resolve it. The only thing I would suggest, don't rely on AI to try and resolve issues like this. Most of the time it has outdated information or something that actually is not right for your choice of distribution. Linux communities are great, so just ask around and you'll definitely find a solution.

And for the end of this, Windows still stucks, ran into the issues the minute I booted into it :) But at the same time, it runs everything I need without a hassle.

Maybe it’s keybindings, file organization, tmux sessions, or shell tricks. What’s that one workflow habit that completely ruined using other systems for you

I'm interested in some aspects of Nitrux 5, which is also an immutable distro. I currently run Bazzite and am very happy with it as my daily driver.

Anyone have knowledge of whether/ how I can install Nitrux to check it out, and then simply reinstall Bazzite later, without losing anything?

From the little detailed information I've seen, Nitrux may not be using ostree. They had talk of creating a different version they called znx.

Hi,

I am considering switching fully to Linux. Currently I use an SSD drive for system, a few HDDs for data storage and a few extrenal HDDs for backups. All of them are formatted using NTFS at the moment.

What's your recommendation when it comes to choosing a filesystem? The typical is to just use the ext4 for everything, but is there currently a better solution? Reliability and data safety are of the utmost importance and I read a lot of reports about btrfs failures.

Edit: I mean a desktop PC for a typical home use cases.

I know that laptops with Snapdragon CPUs can’t run Linux properly due to lack of drivers but I want to know if there are any other laptops with Intel or AMD CPU that works very poorly on Linux or lacks important drivers. Is there any mainstream laptop brand like HP, Lenovo, Asus or MSI that I should avoid if I want a laptop that runs Linux properly? Also, for the laptops to avoid, why I should avoid them? Is there something essential that doesn’t work on Linux due to lack of drivers?

Hello I have been thinking about to move away from Microsoft and switch to Linux, but I have a difficult time to choose a distro. My PC is an all AMD build - Ryzen 7 5700X, 32GBs RAM, RX 6650 XT (soon will switch it up for a 9060 XT or something else) I mainly use it for gaming, some work tasks (my job has provided me with a laptop), video editing and entertainment ofc. I can't quite choose which distro to go with because I don't know which is going to work for me the best. I've settled it down to Manjaro, Bazzite, Cachy, Zorin, Mint and Endeavor. Who's the more beginner friendly and "idiot proof" out of these? Also wouldn't mind if you have better recommendations.

Hi! I have several location (home, parents home, country-home) with ProxMox servers with some useful apps like local plex, adguard, etc.

Sometime i need remote access with web-browser to update firmware, check something etc.

So i'd like to have VM with lightweight linux with remote access and GUI to connect from outside and manage network.

my primary remote access app is anydesk or RDP for win machines in network.

First thing was Porteus - but i can't setup anydesk or RDP access to it

May be someone had success?

Second choice - Alpine Linux of light debian based distro like MX or?

What do you use for such jon?

They could have used either, right?

I have used linux and unix generally for years in my job and am very comfortable with it. At home I have tended to run a Windows machine for occasional gaming, Office and, in the past anyway, for the rest of the family to do browsing, mail etc. As everyone now has phones and tablets and as the W10 shutdown/CoPilot nightmare looms, I am looking forward to rebuilding my old tower with linux (probably mint or Arch).

But I frankly don't have a clue how to handle retaining a Windows capability or how the license would work. I used to have dualboots at home for experimenting but that was 10 years ago - I now just have a little dedicated homelab running libvirt VMs. Is dualboot still the way to go? Can I just retain a windows partition? I am told my W10 licence is hardware-resident, so will I be able to install W10 on a partition? Are there any good guides/walkthrus on doing this (AI slop levels are gargantuan when researching a topic like this)? I believe linux supports a lot of games one way and another and most of my stuff is gog or steam, but I would still like to keep the option of Windows - also for some music software like Reason and Ableton.

Too many questions for a thread so I am hoping someone can recommend a good guide/walkthru.

I’m 🤏 this close to switching from Win11 to Debian 13. I want to quit being at the mercy of Microsoft before it’s too late.

Background: I don’t game at all, unless it’s chess. Produce music sometimes, so might need Wine for a Windows-only DAW,unless folks you have any suggestions.

I understand the downsides of dual-booting and frankly it doesn’t seem worth it - feel free to change my view in case I’ve missed anything, but seems like the general consensus is one or the other and not both, or otherwise things will go wrong with GRUB for example.

I just wanted to see what those who have done a full switch and never looked back think what the main benefits have been so far. Convince me to join the club. You could see this as a “feel-good” Win-to-Linux switching appreciation post if you’d like to 😄

Feel free to braindump in the comments now!

To the point:

- Easy for my kids to learn.
- Need something for my Steam gaming (I understand anti-cheat games don't work. That's ok)

I'm assuming Mint will be recommended from what I've seen online. We have been trying PopOS, but I don't see it discussed much online, but it seems to be great. Any reason why it's not as popular as I think it should be? Or maybe it is? Any other Distro recommendations? I can smell the freedom already :)

I saw claiming that the End of Life of Windows 10 security updates would create a wash of e-waste as households and businesses discarded their old machines. As a person who loves to throw various Linux servers around the house, I want to know where I can buy these discarded PCs for cheap!!! Dell Optiplex PC prices on Ebay have not come down since Oct 14, and Facebook Marketplace is not presenting any bulk deals. I figure someone here will have an idea of where to look.

I decided to upgrade my laptops ssd to a bigger one (from 258GB to 1TB). My system setup is windows 11 and linux mint cinnamon. I cloned the drive using clonezilla and seemingly everything was transferred correctly and windows boots normally. But now I can't boot Linux with the new ssd. It doesn't show up in the boot menu. I also have tried cloning the partition individually.

I am pretty new to this stuff and I'm no longer speaking to the person that introduced me to linux/dualbooting so can't really ask them for help. I tried googling but didn't find anything that helped. Does anybody know what I should do?

EDIT: I somehow managed to get it work, but incase anybody else needs help with this feel free to suggest solutions in this thread.

Hi everyone. I have ubuntu on my personal laptop so I figured if I can do something cool to better understand this system. Please something interesting and useful. I work as Devops engineer but don’t want to do kuberneres or other stuff like this. Maybe u can recommend some useful tool. Thank u all.

A bit of a controversial title, but I need to understand how to Linux again, like I used to do a month ago. I'm here to understand, not to criticize, so please bear with me, even if it might look like I drift into ranting.

I recently moved to a new workstation running Debian Trixie (13) and I'm using KDE under Wayland. Until then, I had KDE always running on Xorg, even at home with an old Ubuntu 22.10. Since I moved, I encountered an endless list of issues, one worse then the other.

This was my first interaction with Wayland, so I read a lot before diving into it or jump to conclusions. Definitely a lot of changes.

The most common issue is accessing a system remotely and interacting with the graphics. With Xorg, it was possible to forward the remote app locally, as well as connecting to the remote graphics server and open something there, after very minor fiddling with the xhosts command. I know, Xorg was a security nightmare, but Wayland seems to have the flexibility of a boulder, and to be equally responsive. It wouldn't be a problem if it wouldn't happen even in the same machine when issuing commands in a local Tmux session.

Taking a screenshot from a terminal connected with SSH is extremely difficult, which I dare to say because I assume is possible, not because I could possibly do it.

Remote desktop access is another nightmare. With XOrg there was X11vnc or RDP, but now it is a feature left at the mercy of the DE. There is Wayvnc, but wlroots-based Wayland compositors are not supported, which includes the two most popular DEs out there, Gnome and KDE.

RDP? a big hit and miss, lack of stable support for multiple monitors and instability. Also, there's a mess of options between the remote desktop access provided by KDE itself through RDP, or KRDP, which as the name suggests-not, is not part of KDE, and can be installed side by side, and even run at the same time as the official KDE remote desktop.

But that's not an issue because neither of them worked, even when connecting from another KDE system.

The last nightmare for me is the use of desktop sharing features for teleconference software like with Zoom or Teams. I know, proprietary software, but still, that worked under Xorg.

I don't want to cry about the good old days, but can't help missing them despite all my good will and efforts to find solutions. Wayland seemed to have solved a ton of issues I didn't have, while bringing hordes of new problems by breaking things out.

Wayland has been around for more than 15 years and since it is now the default on pretty much any distro, I assume there is something I'm missing.

Can anyone help me pointing me in the right direction? I am happy to read anything, even the Arch wiki (btw, no offense :), as far as I can learn how to stop worrying and love the new graphics serve.

Happy to engage in a discussion, too.

Not the most indicative title, but I think it sums it up accurately enough.

I'm trying to switch to Linux full-time in the wake of Windows 11 being a massive pain in my ass, even with all of the AI features gutted and as many anti-telemetry settings enabled as I can. I already have it installed on a second drive and I really have no problems using it at all. I'm having a great time and it's rewarding to get to understand the system better.

Unfortunately, my work software does not and will not work on anything but Windows. Like, famously so, even. My goal is to have one drive for Linux and one just for Windows so I can use this software. The problem is it's too convenient for me to stay on Windows and not switch over ONLY to use the work software. I've already tried installing a VM on the Linux drive to run the software, but the resource cost for me + the latency was unbearable and I'd prefer to run it on bare metal.

My next step is to make using Windows as inconvenient as possible by uninstalling all programs that I can use on Linux instead to only use it for work, and I'm hoping it'll piss me off enough to get me to switch over more consistently. I'm just curious to see how y'all have managed to switch over when a program you need is Windows-only. How did you make it stick?

It doesn't seem like Windows can get their crap together, so I'm thinking about switching to Linux. Which distro should I switch to? I’ve heard good things about Pop OS Nvidia edition, but I need more input.

I've been wanting to have some kind of lightweight 'host' OS that is installed on bare metal on my PC that I can then use to install, manage and boot into and use VM's within that 'host' OS. Obviously running a server OS would be ideal in terms of resources but I know that's not really what servers are made for.. Or are they?
I want to be able to boot into multiple different virtual machines within the 'host' OS and use them as if they were what was installed on bare-metal (with the slight performance cost ofc)

Basically; can I use a server OS/distro to run VM's or can I only do that with desktop OS's/distros?

Hi folks!

I'm going down this path of creating a custom image of Bluefin because there are things I prefer to be installed in the base system. However, I'm now running into this situation where I'm starting to create my own copr and packaging the applications I like so I'm not dependent on random people's good will.

This has raised the question.

Should I give NixOS a look before I continue down this path? Has anyone else experienced both sides of this discussion? Which did you end up sticking with?

I use ubuntu is there a simple dvd maker that makes own videos into a file that can be burned on to a dvd or bluray with menus and that starts up fine?

I used a dvd maker on win 7 but never found one that works as good as that one. Anything usefull tips helps.

Basically, I want to have a dedicated (nvidia) GPU available to both Windows and Linux guests and switch it without rebooting some Linux host that will run on an internal (amd) GPU. Is it worth and will it even work?

I’m considering switching to Linux, but the problem is that I use Microsoft Office every day, and as a photographer, I also use Adobe Lightroom. When it comes to gaming, I only play single player games.

Is there a way to make LibreOffice feel more like Microsoft Office? And if I want to edit photos, can I run Adobe apps on Linux?

Hey everyone,

I want to really learn Linux from zero, not just commands — I want to understand how it works internally, its architecture, kernel, file system, and how everything connects.

Then I’d like to move into practical usage (CLI, scripting) and finally server administration — networking, users, services, automation, security, etc.

What books would you recommend for that full path — from absolute beginner to advanced system administration? Preferably ones that are considered must-reads or classics (English or Spanish translations are fine).

I know that ThinkPads are basically 100% compatible with Linux (I use one myself on a T480 and have no problems whatsoever).

But do ThinkCenters, for example, work just as well? I'm referring to drivers and all that.

I'm planning to buy a second-hand one that's a bit more powerful than my current laptop.

Would you recommend ThinkCenters? What other brands/lines would be good? HP ProDesk, Dell Optiplex, for example?

I'm not looking for "masterrace," just something more than my laptop, haha.

Thanks in advance.

I'm a fairly new Linux user (just under a year or so) and I've seen that Ubuntu (my first distro) gets a lot of (undeserved?) flak. I know no distro is perfect (and Ubuntu has it's own baggage) but surely as a community we should still encourage newcomers even if they choose Ubuntu as it still grows the community base and gets them away from Windows? Apologies if I come across as naive, but sometime I think the Linux community is its own worst enemy.

As someone who switched to Hyprland, using KDE Plasma as a backup DE to "escape" the need for GNOME (GNOME isn't bad, just too opinionated for my preferences), I wound up finding myself reinstalling many GNOME utilities (Nautilus b/c Dolphin caused the kded6 bug on wlroots WMs, and then later a basic GNOME installation b/c GDM didn't let me just install GDM, and plain Mutter w/out stuff like the Settings app and Extensions Manager is rough to configure properly).

Anyways that's a tangent to my main concern: needing GDM. I like SDDM a lot (the display manager paired with KDE Plasma). However, SDDM, and likely all the other display managers (LightDM, Cosmic-Greeter, Ly, etc) all have the problem of not being able to load power profiles until you login after a bootup/reboot, meaning your CPU (and therefore fans) are stuck at performance mode once you get past your bootloader. This is especially bad for laptops. The only way I found to work around this without needing GDM is to set a service that manually sets your CPU to power-saving mode.

1. Why is GDM (seemingly) the only display manager with access to the power profiles? Is it due to its close integration with Mutter or something? Does everyone outside of GNOME think it's bloat?

2. Are there any other display managers that manage to load power profiles in advance, or is it truly just GDM?

Thanks in advance, everyone

Hi everyone, I need help with this. I currently have a dual boot setup with OptiOS 10 by optijuegos.net. I modified the to use fewer resources and perform better. I'm also running a void Linux installation with DWM. The only thing keeping me on Windows is that I don't know if there's a way to do the same things I do on Windows. On Windows, I use Steam Tools to add games to my Steam library for free so I can download them, but I don't know how to replicate that on Linux. I also use portable games by optijuegos.net, since they create optimized, portable games that are really useful to me. One of the games I play is GTA V Lite, which has .bat files that help with optimizations, which I also don't know how to apply on Linux. My PC is a netbook with an Intel Celeron N4020, UHD 600, 8GB of DDR4 2800MHz RAM, and a 512GB SSD. I was planning to create an NTFS partition and put all my games there, and then find a way to sync Steam on Windows with Steam on Linux so the games appear there too, but I really don't know how to do it. For optijuegos portable games, I was thinking of using Lutris, but I don't know what other options you recommend. Please excuse my English, have a good day and thank you in advance.

Hello, I have an assignment to analyse some Python code for a school project. I work on a WSL Ubuntu subsystem.

When I tried to install Python libraries such as numpy using pip, I get this error:

"error: externally-managed-environment
This environment is externally managed

╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try apt install

python3-xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to

install."

After consolidating with chatGPT, I was prompted to create a venv for my project, which is where I was able to install packages using pip, which works well.

My question is, why shouldn't I force the installation of Python packages globally, like I would do on my Windows 11 system? And should I always create a new venv for each project I work for and install the necessary packages there? Is pip the only "library" which is okay to have installed globally for python?

Thank you very much

I recently setup Refind as my default boot during Arch system install. I did not have grub previously. I'm looking through my file tree now and can see that I have /efi/EFI/refind/. I have consulted the wiki but am having some issue understanding it.

Is /efi/EFI/refind the recommended path?

Hi, I do digital art on occasion and have found that using my tablet and mouse in tandem is kinda finicky on KDE Plasma (Wayland), when it would work just fine on Windows. Wayland seems to treat the tablet pen and my mouse as two conflicting mouse cursors that it has to switch between, rather than two devices controlling the same cursor. Apparently, this doesn't happen on X11, and I was told that I could launch just Krita under X11 and keep the rest of my session on Wayland. How might I do that?

On CachyOS, but the issue I'm having is KDE Plasma related and has occurred on EndeavourOS as well.

there's so many useful things but it's so hard to remember them all

Oh boy. So I know enough to be dangerous here regarding this topic. I mean no offense or implying I know more than anyone. I have experience with Windows since 1994 and Macs from 1999. I am sick of the two big guys using computers against their users. Not to mention the whole music fiasco. I can finally use my Surfans MP3 player.

So I tried Linux Mint. Then I added Ubuntu by using the dual boot option. I decided on using Mint. If you’re a windows or Mac user, Mint Cinnamon is hands down the easiest to use. It does everything I like and want. Think Windows 95 but way better. No logging in online just on your sign user on your local computer. Set up is a breeze. Your boot manager will be different in the settings depending on the make of your computer. You will lose all your data on your computer. This is a windows laptop Lenovo brand. I cans say enough great things about this OS and it stays with the community when downloading software. That’s another subject. There may be other great Linux distributions or distros but Mint is the best for me. Good luck! I finally got my computer back instead of an information gathering surveillance gizmo. Just my opinion.

Our oldest is 14 and needs a new computer. He wants it to be portable but also have a real keyboard, and thus we are thinking about buying him a laptop. He does play games but nit high end ones. That makes a refurbished 400-500 euro/dollar laptop a good candidate. These usually do not have dedicated graphic cards, but intel HD 620 is a recurring mention.

He will mainly use it to train himself in Python, some light gaming (think strategy games), and probably for school documents and presentations. And he wants to train himself in using Linux.

I have some Linux experience myself with my steam deck, a raspberry Pi server, and (10 years ago) an Ubuntu desktop, but not much more advanced than some basic terminal commands.

Now comes the choice of a distro. I'm thinking about either an arch based distro as it would be like my steam deck I think, or maybe Linux Mint because everybody is so happy about it. Using distrochooser.de I got Manjaro recommended. But what would you think is the best way to go?

I'm looking at different options for accessing files on my desktop computer from my laptop, but all seem to have one or another issue. My scenario:

• I want to share certain directories in my home folder

• Only need to access from Linux

• Access over home network and internet

• Performance needs to be unaffected for the desktop, but can be slow from the laptop

• Needs to be reliable, including over bad connections, surviving sleep/wake etc. and in terms of data integrity

• Need xattr support

The main options seem to be SFTP (or SFTP + RClone) and NFS.

SFTP + RClone seems like the best option, except I don't think it has xattr support.

NFS could be good but I am worried about performance on the desktop since most articles I saw said it was best used as a dedicated server? It also seems less secure than SFTP?

I don't have a good idea of the reliability of either.

Does anybody have a similar setup or any recommendations?

EDIT: Another option might be ProFTPD, which would allow for connection over SSH like SFTP but supports xattr I think. Again maybe combined with Rclone. Thoughts?

I am currently using Linux as my main operating system, and I have recently been thinking more seriously about system security. While it is commonly said that Linux is “more secure by default” due to its permission structure and smaller malware target surface, I also understand that more secure does not mean invulnerable. Threats such as infected scripts, supply chain compromises, browser vulnerabilities, and user-level social engineering are still relevant regardless of the platform.

I would like to get opinions and real-world experiences from the community regarding Linux antivirus and security tools. My goal is not only to protect the system, but also to learn best practices in maintaining a secure working environment.

Some points I am specifically interested in:

Is a real-time antivirus necessary on Linux, or is it more practical to focus on good system hygiene and firewall configuration?

Do solutions like ClamAV, Sophos, ESET, or Comodo provide meaningful protection in everyday use?

How useful are tools like AppArmor, SELinux, Firejail, Fail2ban, or rkhunter in real situations?

For a regular desktop user (not a server administrator), which tools are recommended as practical and not overly intrusive?

My wife and I write together frequently. We currently use Discord, but would prefer something which works offline because we have unstable internet. We'd like something which works over LAN.

Real-time collaboration with formatting is a must. We'd prefer some kind of collaborative document editing, but we can deal with a messenger/chat program if that's what it takes. Ideally, we could also connect with our phones to re-read, but that's not a hard requirement. Something FOSS would be wonderful.

Setting the program up with internet is obviously fine, but we need it to work without an internet connection whenever possible. I am running Kubuntu w/ KDE Plasma, she is running Mint w/ Cinnamon.

Any suggestions are appreciated!

I was a long time Windows user, I have been using Fedora for the last year. I was fine handling software updates from different sources on Windows (the store and direct downloads from websites). One of the selling points of Linux was "software updates are handled by a single command". However that is not the reality I have faced. I've had to install software from the terminal, the app store and directly from the website. Installing from different sources would be fine if I could update them from one place, but again this is not the case. Some installed apps are not shown in the app store. I don't even know if the commands updates all apps. What am I doing wrong? Is this only a Fedora thing? Any advice, resources or help is appreciated.

Hello,

With windows 10 end of life, I would like to switch to Linux on my laptop (Linux mint seems cool). But to work from home (sometimes I do , rarely though) I need Microsoft 365. Is it possible to install and run it conveniently somehow?

Thank you and have a nice day

Edit : I see in the comments that the web would be a good version, but word is very wonky and Excel may lack some functionalities if I recall. Do I really need to rebuy a laptop just for Microsoft 365? This seems absurd

Edit 2 : still trying to find a solution. Is winboat a good way to have 365 running?

Hi there,

I’m ditching Windows on my personal computers.

I’ve been using Arch personally for years on a shell-only headless system (home file server) and work as a sysadmin so I’m comfortable with Linux but not super comfortable with hardware troubleshooting.

This next computer I want to move to Linux is also intended to be headless but with a desktop environment that I RDP into from other machines on my network.

I chose CachyOS since it’s based on Arch and I was excited for the optimized kernel. The box has modern hardware:

• AMD Ryzen 5700G APU, 32 GB RAM, some Asus B450 motherboard

• NVMe SSD for root file system, and a few SATA devices that I haven’t mounted yet until I have everything working the way I want

• Using the built-in GPU

• Wifi / BT present on mobo but disabled at firmware level

It should be noted that this system under Windows 10/11 has always been stable, it’s on 24/7 and would last the entire month between Patch Tuesdays, no problem. Though I should add that since several months, whenever Windows Update would reboot the system, it had a tendency to fail to come back up. I would just power it off and on again and it would be fine until the next time Windows Update decided to reboot. Since this is a headless system, I never took the time to connect a screen and keyboard to see what’s going on when it did that. But I chalked it up to software issues aka Windows rot as it’s been 5 years since I installed Windows on it.

I don’t do anything exotic on this box, mostly web browsing, IRC, Bittorrent, and batch transcoding FLAC files to MP3.

So last week I finally decided to take the time to move to Linux, I’d been thinking about it for a while.

Backed up my data, deleted Windows, installed Cachy, all is well. Then it started randomly freezing. Screen goes black (but still getting a signal, just black), network drops. Totally unresponsive. All I can do is power off and on again. There’s no discernible pattern. I’ve caught it as it happens while tailing journalctl and there’s no sign of any error. This is while not using the box at all, except for an SSH session from another box to tail journalctl. Everything is fine until it crashes, then I reboot and everything is fine again until it dies again. So far I’ve not gotten a full day of uptime.

I thought maybe Cachy was the problem so I deleted everything and installed Mint instead. But same problem.

Common elements:

• LUKS encrypted root (was Btrfs in Cachy, ext4 in Mint)

• Configured SSH access in early user space so I can unlock the file system without screen/keyboard (using TinySSH in CachyOS and Dropbear in Mint)

• Have Cinnamon DE with Xorg and xrdp server so I can access the DE remotely with any RDP client

• I’ve done nothing else to the OS beyond that, just installed latest packages via pacman or apt then let it sit to test stability

I updated my motherboard’s firmware to the latest version but it still died on me overnight (I was sleeping so it was doing nothing).

Maybe Cinnamon is the problem somehow, maybe Xorg is, maybe LUKS, I doubt it, but I’ve done so little to this box after installing either distro that I just have to look for what they had in common and proceed by elimination.

I’m now in the process of installing actual Arch to see if it makes a difference. This time I’m going to do a minimal install without a DE, just a shell with SSH to see if the crash happens again with the encrypted file system. Then I can try again without LUKS.

So I wanted to run this past people who have more experience than me and see if you have suggestions to troubleshoot this, places to look at beyond looking for errors in journalctl. Please and thank you.

It smells like a hardware problem at this point, I’m just confused that it’s only manifesting itself while running Linux but never under Windows. I really don’t want to go back to Windows.

I was looking for a GUI-style Wi-Fi manager CLI program, but with a minimalist interface, for void Linux, and I was curious to know what CLI and TUI programs you guys use.

I use fish as my primary shell, but I had to start using bash more often in the past few months (due to a subject which heavily focuses on bash and Unix-based systems).

However, I'm not fan of the bash frontend in terminal. I prefer fish which has different colours for commands, variables, parameters, strings, shows command in red before running if it's not found in $PATH and has a nice history hint when writing command

Is there a shell with interactivity of fish, but with the internal behaviour of bash (exactly the same command processing) or a way to configure it?

So Im building a new pc and i dont wanna use windows 11 on it because Michaelsoft Bimbows AI Bowlshiz, but I wanna make sure--is it still possible for me to upload vrchat avatars on linux? I know the actual game client works and so does unity, but wi the SDK itself officially support linux? And if not how can I use it anyway?

It's in the news lately that Microsoft will make Windows so that AI is actively doing a lot of things to "help" the user. This is nothing I want on any computer of mine. So I'm looking for advice on how to manage this.

1. Gaming is a big part of how I use my computer, and I do use NVidia GPUs. O also, of course, use Steam heavily, as well as a few other game sources. Would you recommend I go with "SteamOS", or something else, like maybe "Pop_OS!"? My current GPU is a RTX 4070 TI.

2. In practice, I have about 1 TB of games installed. Plus, I also have many passwords saved in FireFox. How would other suggest I manage the conversion so that I don't lose all my passwords, and don't have to re-install a lot of games on Steam by download?

Right now, I'm in the planning phase. So, if I get this done now, or 2 months from now, is not a big concern. But, I do want to get it done. I have, up until now, I alsways gotten pre-builts, and so having Windows was the norm. In a few years, when I fet a new PC< I'll have to do with either buyong a pre-built with Windows installed, and converting it to Linux, or maybe there will be a pre-built by then that comes with Linux.

Edit: I don't play multi-player, so I don't think anti0cheat software will be a factor for switching to Linux.

Hi everyone, I am looking for opinions on which distro to learn Infrastructure Engineering. I am starting a new graduate job this year and want to be prepared. Only experience I’ve currently had with Linux is Kali and Ubuntu through my Cyber Security degree. I read somewhere that Linux Rocky is good for this and I want to hear opinions before making the leap!

The only app that has me staying on Windows in Abbyy FineReader (full). The PDF manipulation and exceptional OCR are a fundamental part of the work I do.

I want to move off Windows but have not found a replacement fro FineReader. So, I'm reaching out to the community in the hopes that there is something out there that I've missed.

Thanks very much!

I've been googling for answers, and basically everything I'm finding is old - very old.

I've got an old dual boot system (win7 Ubuntu 14.04LTS) - which is now so far out of support I can't even run zoom or Chrome versions, so I have to update. Installed Ubuntu 20.04 over the top of 14, so that's gone now. But now, it's not booting up. GRUB goes into rescue mode, says it can't find anything.

So, Win7 and Ubuntu have their own partitions, and both are on an SSD that I added. The OG disk is not an ssd, but is still installed (2 drive bays), and IIRC (been a while) I have the bootloader on the SSD booting windows, so it just loads normally, but I installed GRUB on the HDD so I can pull up the menu to booth Ubuntu or Windows.
But now GRUB isn't happy after the new Ubuntu install. So, I can boot from USB into linux, or I can boot from SSD and go into windows. But booting from HDD (the default) errors out.

So, that's the background. Seems like it should be a simple manually put GRUB on the HDD boot partition and update, and it should pick up on the other bootable partition and get me the menu back, and allow Win7 and 20.04 dual boot, but trying to update or install GRUB is throwing the error "failed to get cannonical path to /COW". Basically can't find anything on what this error is or how to fix it in the past 10 years.

Any linux wizards here who can set me straight?

Now, I really just need to get it working again, so if there's a different bootloader I can use to end-around esoteric GRUB problems, I'm all ears.

Hello everyone.

I've been using Linux for a little over two years and have been doing very well.

The only things that still force me to go back to Windows are:

Adobe tools (about once a week)

Excel, every day =/.

I'd like to know if anyone has successfully tried using the MS Office version on Linux? Any tips are welcome.

1. It can't be the online version.

2. Libre Office or others won't work. I really need MS Excel =|

Hello everyone,

I am running a dual boot arch / windows for both my old pc data and my new server-laptop setup. At some point my arch setup hit 100% storage and I wanted to transfer some partition size from windows to arch, so I shrunk my windows partition and added it through arch, I did this through increasing the partition size of arch in windows disk manager and it broke my partition. Super dumb of me.

Now I've been trying a range of tools in order to recover this data, specifically a non backed up minecraft server with the world data. Ihave used testdisk andnit does find semi ext4/linux partitions and when scanning through my partition with photorec I do find ALOT of the data. I wanted to use ext4magic so I could return the folder of the minecraft server but it didn't work.

What else can I try to get a more sorted recovery/more intact recovery of my old ext4 now NFTS partition with (hopefully) a filetree?

Heya.

I got an old laptop that is of sentimental value, and i want to try to get it to a point where it can run a browser.

I tried Arch 32, which is too unmaintained to work properly, and last year's Debian, which works fine but struggles with the low RAM. More precisely, trying to run Firefox sends the system into a swap spiral of doom. It technically runs, but opening any page takes minutes of HDD rattling.

So i wondered if there are any distros out there that are optimized for low RAM 32bit systems, while still modern enough to safely use the internet?

Ever spent hours debugging something only to realize the problem was tiny like a missing semicolon or a disabled toggle in BIOS? What was your most ridiculous “that’s all it was?” Linux moment?

Hi guys,

since QuiteRSS has been unmaintained for quite (heh) some time and it has been discarded from the latest Debian 13, which RSS Feed reader do you use nowadays?

There is RSS Guard, but the new 5.0 release will be available in a few months and the 4 series is a bit heavy and the latest one in Debian repo is an ancient 4.0.4.

I also looked at Brief, which seems simple and no-nonsense:

similar to screen shot. I think it was from someone running arch+hyprland.

Share something you wish you knew about going to Linux Try not to repeat some thing.

Sorry my English no very good

I've been using Linux for a while now, ever since I got my first job back in 2018. For remote access to my home PC, I've been using MS RDP, and it’s worked pretty well overall. But occasionally, I run into issues with it not connecting or the connection dropping. So, I’m thinking about trying out alternatives like RealVNC or NoMachine. Has anyone here used them? What are your thoughts?

I have an apk that generates OTA packages with the .zip file and the .md5 file but it doesn't generate the .zip.sig file to accompany it. Can I recompile the apk itself so that it generates this file automatically? Being that I have the source code for the apk, I tried to modify it so that it generated the .zip.sig file automatically but my knowledge on this is not as flawless to know whether I coded it correctly. But if if this isn't an option, can I create a sig file manually through Linux?

String jarPath = context.getFilesDir() + "/signapk.jar";
String keyPem = context.getFilesDir() + "/testkey.x509.pem";
String keyPk8 = context.getFilesDir() + "/testkey.pk8";
String otaZip = outputDir + "/update.zip";
String sigFile = outputDir + "/update.zip.sig";

// Command to generate .zip.sig
String[] cmd = {
    "java", "-jar", jarPath, keyPem, keyPk8, otaZip, sigFile
};

Process process = new ProcessBuilder(cmd)
        .redirectErrorStream(true)
        .start();

BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
    Log.d("OTASign", line);
}

int result = process.waitFor();
if (result == 0) {
    Log.d("OTASign", ".zip.sig created successfully!");
} else {
    Log.e("OTASign", "Failed to generate .zip.sig (exit code " + result + ")");
}

} catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }

is anyone running this chipset and also experiencing really high temps (80C)?

i bought this laptop last summer (2024). at first, i thought the issues were just because the platform was so new, and drivers had bugs. (i tried debian stable at first, but nothing worked... had to go to debian unstable to get things working) i think i started on kernel 6.10, and some things like sound were still a bit buggy.

i'm now on kernel 6.17, and it seems like all the graphics and sound bugs are fully gone. but the high heat still remains.

is this just normal intel heat issues? in the BIOS, i have it set to balanced mode and not performance.

i have TLP installed for energy management, but the issue was here even before i installed TLP

i don't see anything in the journal suggesting major issues.

anyone else know where else i can look to solve? thanks

Hello

I don't know if this is the right place to post my question, so if not please tell me and I'II aladlv remove my post

Recently I realized how compromised my data is, and how easy it is to sell them. I payed way less attention before and I was like "whatever". But now it hit me and I want to be more safe and secure. So, I wanted to get away from windows and google as a first step and later on try to limit my activities on other applications that just abuses my data (like meta).

To replace windows I installed linux (Ubuntu), and swtiched to using Brave instead of Chrome, downloaded Mullvad VPN and i'm trying to find more ways to secure myself.

I'm trashing my gmail and only keeping my outlook email (because I use it for work), and the only google service that I'm still using is google maps because I haven't found a good alternative. All this is on PC btw.

Now I could be doing some wrong choices here, so please feel free to tell me if I could do better.

ldk if for opening my email it's okay to use the outlook app directly, on the website, or download a safe application, could you help with something secure please (if it exists)?

Lastly, as I said I downloaded mullva VPN in hopes to secure my internet connection, do you know if all the servers are secure or if there servers that are more secure than others? And is this VPN the best way to secure my connection? If not, I'lI gladly listen to your advices,

Next step would be my phone :) but i'l leave it for another day

Thank you for reading and thank you in advance

IMO it's either NixOS or Bedrock, with honorable mention to Gentoo.

Which option would you say is Adobe’s most “natural” replacement for processing RAW files?

It doesn’t necessarily have to be open source or free.

Ehi guys,

so i installed timeshift and set it up to run at boot and before a system upgrade

i used the timeshift-systemd-timer AUR package as a timer for the "on-boot" trigger

i noticed that it waits 10 minutes after boot by default before running the snapshot:

[Timer]

OnBootSec=600

Persistent=true

So the question is, i don't want to eventually start a heavy game on boot and after this 10 minutes it start doing this snapshot,

i know this timer is to assure that every file system is mounted but it seems a bit too much.

What is the minimum i should put it to not mess with it?

- Sometimes the screen will not turn back on (no signal) after the system goes into Idle mode or after I try to wake it after I put it to sleep suspend mode. (I managed to reduce the frequency of this problem by disabling some AMD gpu features but never could fix it for good, I upgraded my kernel to a specified version number +6.x.x where they said this was fixed, no success). can only be fixed by a reboot.

- Sometimes it says no network interface/device detected after I wake it from sleep mode so I'm left with no wifi. can only be fixed by a reboot.

- Sometimes Cinnamon crashes randomly into fallback mode when using some programs like DBeaver. (this is not the worst)

these issues are a real block for me getting my work done and picking up where I left. I gave all these problems a fair shot at fixing them, I surfed some boards, tried some stuff but no success. I think I'm done trying to. I'm looking for some recommendations of new distros I can hop on to or if it's even worth a try.

Hi i am using some EDA tools that take ours to compile and sometimes i need to use the GUI.
Is there any way to save the state of the forwarded windows detach from the screen session and when i re-attach re-open them?

The solution:

screen -qdR ff

# connect to your remove machine with X11 forwarding
ssh -XC <YOUR REMOTE MACHINE>

# run firefox or another program with GUI
firefox

# press Ctrl+A then D to detach window from screen
exitscreen -qdR ff

# connect to your remove machine with X11 forwarding
ssh -XC <YOUR REMOTE MACHINE>

# run firefox or another program with GUI
firefox

# press Ctrl+A then D to detach window from screen
exit

leaves the windows open when detaching.
Is there any solution? i dont want to use things like X2GO or VNC servers, if it possible i prefer to stay via command line tools, because the workflow involves only in small parts of it the use of the GUI

I have multimedia keys on my keyboard (like pause, volume and such) and when i press any of these keys the keyboard just stops taking input. Also here is the dmesg output when i plug in my keyboard.

[  265.400939] usb 1-10: new low-speed USB device number 11 using xhci_hcd
[  265.513929] usb 1-10: device descriptor read/64, error -71
[  265.744092] usb 1-10: New USB device found, idVendor=1c4f, idProduct=0202, bcdDevice= 3.21
[  265.744097] usb 1-10: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
[  265.744099] usb 1-10: Product: Usb KeyBoard
[  265.744100] usb 1-10: Manufacturer: Usb KeyBoard
[  265.747666] input: Usb KeyBoard Usb KeyBoard as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-10/1-10:1.0/0003:1C4F:0202.000E/input/input21
[  265.828055] hid-generic 0003:1C4F:0202.000E: input,hidraw1: USB HID v1.11 Keyboard [Usb KeyBoard Usb KeyBoard] on usb-0000:00:14.0-10/input0
[  265.831091] hid_parser_main: 54 callbacks suppressed
[  265.831093] hid-generic 0003:1C4F:0202.000F: unknown main item tag 0x0
[  265.831100] hid-generic 0003:1C4F:0202.000F: unknown main item tag 0x0
[  265.831106] hid-generic 0003:1C4F:0202.000F: unknown main item tag 0x0
[  265.831112] hid-generic 0003:1C4F:0202.000F: unknown main item tag 0x0
[  265.831117] hid-generic 0003:1C4F:0202.000F: unknown main item tag 0x0
[  265.831123] hid-generic 0003:1C4F:0202.000F: unknown main item tag 0x0
[  265.831128] hid-generic 0003:1C4F:0202.000F: unknown main item tag 0x0
[  265.831134] hid-generic 0003:1C4F:0202.000F: unknown main item tag 0x0
[  265.831139] hid-generic 0003:1C4F:0202.000F: unknown main item tag 0x0
[  265.831145] hid-generic 0003:1C4F:0202.000F: unknown main item tag 0x0
[  265.831408] hid-generic 0003:1C4F:0202.000F: unbalanced collection at end of report description
[  265.831414] hid-generic 0003:1C4F:0202.000F: probe with driver hid-generic failed with error -22

The keys normally work in windows. I want them to work in Linux too.

~ 39s
❯ lsusb -v -d 1c4f:0202

Bus 001 Device 011: ID 1c4f:0202 SiGma Micro Usb KeyBoard
Couldn't open device, some information will be missing
Negotiated speed: Low Speed (1Mbps)
Device Descriptor:
  bLength                18
  bDescriptorType         1
  bcdUSB               1.10
  bDeviceClass            0 [unknown]
  bDeviceSubClass         0 [unknown]
  bDeviceProtocol         0
  bMaxPacketSize0         8
  idVendor           0x1c4f SiGma Micro
  idProduct          0x0202 Usb KeyBoard
  bcdDevice            3.21
  iManufacturer           1 Usb KeyBoard
  iProduct                2 Usb KeyBoard
  iSerial                 0
  bNumConfigurations      1
  Configuration Descriptor:
    bLength                 9
    bDescriptorType         2
    wTotalLength       0x003b
    bNumInterfaces          2
    bConfigurationValue     1
    iConfiguration          0
    bmAttributes         0xa0
      (Bus Powered)
      Remote Wakeup
    MaxPower              100mA
    Interface Descriptor:
      bLength                 9
      bDescriptorType         4
      bInterfaceNumber        0
      bAlternateSetting       0
      bNumEndpoints           1
      bInterfaceClass         3 Human Interface Device
      bInterfaceSubClass      1 Boot Interface Subclass
      bInterfaceProtocol      1 Keyboard
      iInterface              0
        HID Device Descriptor:
          bLength                 9
          bDescriptorType        33
          bcdHID               1.11
          bCountryCode            0 Not supported
          bNumDescriptors         1
          bDescriptorType        34 Report
          wDescriptorLength      65
          Report Descriptors:
            ** UNAVAILABLE **
      Endpoint Descriptor:
        bLength                 7
        bDescriptorType         5
        bEndpointAddress     0x81  EP 1 IN
        bmAttributes            3
          Transfer Type            Interrupt
          Synch Type               None
          Usage Type               Data
        wMaxPacketSize     0x0008  1x 8 bytes
        bInterval              10
    Interface Descriptor:
      bLength                 9
      bDescriptorType         4
      bInterfaceNumber        1
      bAlternateSetting       0
      bNumEndpoints           1
      bInterfaceClass         3 Human Interface Device
      bInterfaceSubClass      1 Boot Interface Subclass
      bInterfaceProtocol      1 Keyboard
      iInterface              0
        HID Device Descriptor:
          bLength                 9
          bDescriptorType        33
          bcdHID               1.11
          bCountryCode            0 Not supported
          bNumDescriptors         1
          bDescriptorType        34 Report
          wDescriptorLength      79
          Report Descriptors:
            ** UNAVAILABLE **
      Endpoint Descriptor:
        bLength                 7
        bDescriptorType         5
        bEndpointAddress     0x82  EP 2 IN
        bmAttributes            3
          Transfer Type            Interrupt
          Synch Type               None
          Usage Type               Data
        wMaxPacketSize     0x0008  1x 8 bytes
        bInterval              10

As the title says. I've just installed the 7zip package. Because a file I need to extract is encrypted with it. This folder is located in my ~/Downloads folder and is named "test.rar" What command should I use to extract it?

Edit: I just didn't bother with it and used PeaZip (Flatpak). It is useful to extract encrypted .rar files as I see. I thought what I needed was 7zip just as in Windows but it doesn't seem like the case this time. Thank for help and I'll keep the post up in case somebody needs an answer.

I’m looking to learn Linux (for later purposes of ethical hacking, but groundwork first) and have absolutely zero prior knowledge of it other than a basic understanding of its existence. Are there any websites or videos that are better to use than others/where do I go to learn?

Hi, i was compiling the linux kernel. There was no errors but i couldn't find bzImage in arch/x86/boot. I was following . i use ubuntu docker

I really don’t understand it

Hello! I am trying to install manjaro linux on my laptop, I previously had Linux mint on it (I think?) a long time ago. It is a dell inspiron 16 plus with a rtx 4060 and intel ultra 7 155h if that helps. I’m getting an error and cannot find a solution online. I did try installing fedora which went smoothly until I had to boot into the installed OS in which it froze on the boot screen. Thanks in advance!

Error:

The bootloader could not be installed. The installation command <pre>grub-install --target=x86_64-efi -efi-directory=/boot/efi -bootloader-id=Manjaro -force</pre> returned error code 1.

ubuntu 25, was OK on 24.

Hi all!

I've been using Dropbox for ages and when I switched over to Linux a couple of years ago, I was pleased to see Dropbox had a working Linux client.

However, it has come to my attention recently that Dropbox are starting to be weird and some people are randomly getting blocked from their accounts by automated systems and it made me start to consider alternatives.

I hear Protoncloud works well in Linux but was wondering if people could vouch for them? Do they also have a good Linux GUI client? Can you share folders with other people?

Thanks!

Hello, I have just made the switch from Windows 10 to ZorinOS. I own FL Studio, which is what I would use to produce music, but unfortunately is not supported on Zorin or any distro for that matter. I'm not sure what to do, since FL is nearly impossible to run stably through Wine because of the heavy reliance on DirectX.

I tried to install Discord and Telegram and it's just not working,sometimes it's just not open sometimes it's just opens Terminal. Need help (first time ever trying Linux)

Update:Just installed Linux Mint and deleted Arch.Thank you for you all guys and forgive me for my stupidity

Chrome removed the ability to disable browser history in the settings menu for some reason. This was useful for people who just wanted some privacy on shared computers or for people who have a system that operates as a kiosk. On Windows you'd normally be able to just use a registry key or Group Policy. On Linux, you can do the same thing but using json files that function in the same way as policy objects and can hold multiple policy settings. If you want to just create one to disable saving browsing history you just have to run 2 commands: one to make the policy directory and the next to create the json file:

1. Create the policy directory:

mkdir -p /etc/opt/chrome/policies/managed

2. Create the json file:

cat <<EOF > /etc/opt/chrome/policies/managed/history_policy.json

{

"SavingBrowserHistoryDisabled": true

}

EOF

And then you're done.

So I'm trying to install lubuntu coming from fedora kde plasma. I am installing using partitions and without a bootable usb. I've done this many times before with several other OS's but I can't seem to install lubuntu. Every time I run the installer I get the error: There are no partitions to install on

Here's the info:

No, I do not have RAID enabled and yes I AM using AHCI

I can run KDE partition manager and it picks up my SSD just fine, with each partition as well. There are only two partitions, one for the ISO (live environment) and one that is labeled "writable" and uses the ext4 file system. I am unable to delete or unmount either without sudo, and even then, trying to delete once unmounted results in an error and the process is terminated.

Using parted in the terminal I can see that the ISO partition is NOT labeled as bootable, which means the installer SHOULD be fine, but of course.. It's not. I have also tried unmounting the partition and then running the installer but it did not work, the installer gave the same error.

The live environment works just fine

I am unable to create a new partition table for obvious reasons. (The SSD contains the live environment partition) However this shouldn't be a problem since the partition table for the SSD is gpt anyways as it should be.

My thoughts on why this could be happening:

Most likely something to do with the fact that I am not booting from a seperate usb drive, but technically this shouldn't be a problem.

There are a lot of updates available including EFI system updates, however, these require a reboot after install and since I am using a live environment... rebooting will just reset everything. I'm not sure if there is a way around this?

Any help is appreciated thanks!

Or is there other recommendations? It's not a tremendous issue, but out of principle I want as little to do with Microsoft as possible.

I guess my next question would be what is the best solution to Live Server, as it looks like the library for VSCodium is not as maintained in that area and the existing version of the standard Live Server is massively out of date.

Hi All,

With the Win10 EOL thing I have been self appointed the job of making sure my family members don't just sit on Win10 until they inevitably get hit with Malware etc.

Thankfully only one laptop isn't compatible with Win11 and that is Dad's. I have been learning a bit of Linux on my PC so but I was considering putting Linux on Dad's laptop as the laptop itself is not too old and all it does is basic desktop stuff (opening pictures, PDFs etc) and browse the web.

My only thought here is keeping the OS up to date, my Dad's tech illiteracy is a bit of a hurdle is all. Is there a distro or just process i'm unaware of that will allow the OS to auto update or allow it to do so in a more user friendly way?

I'm a few months into using Linux and I barely know what I'm doing. I really don't want to switch back to windows, but I'm at my wits end.

Doing the simplest of tasks seems like endless troubleshooting. On Windows, if I downloaded a program 90% of the time it would work flawlessly. On Linux it seems there's endless troubleshooting that I barely know how to do.

For example. Today I transferred some photos from my Mac to my desktop running Linux. I wanted to preserve the original dates and times that the photos were taken. I couldn't find a definitive answer as to what file types save that info, but read that HEIC files save it so I downloaded a copy as HEIC and another as JPEG.

I transferred them but the EXIF doesn't show on Nemo or if it does it only shows when the copy was made not the original.

I don't like scrolling tons of forms to find what I'm looking for, so I used DeepSeek for troubleshooting. It recommended downloading a program via the command line, which I did, but then it didn't end up working. Now I'm supposed to find out why the program isn't working.

This scenario happens about 50% of the time with Linux. How tf are people using this? There's got to be an easier way right?

I'm basically computer illiterate. Sure, I now how to do some things, and follow instructions, but I really don't know whats actually going on, on a deeper level.

I have the feeling that Linux would be great if you actually know what's going on. If this is true then I want to learn, but I have no idea where to start.

I'm sure I could look up "How to videos" but I don't have the time to haphazardly jump from one shallow thing to another. I want something that's comprehensive so that by the time I'm done with it I'll at least have the basics down to the point where Linux would be more usable for me.

Or is Linux always this difficult? It seems crazy to me that so many people rave about how great it is when I've had so much trouble. It's got to be easier if you know what you're doing right?

I've been using Linux Mint Cinnamon btw.