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First published September 1998

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Sovereignty and Global Security

SAMUEL M. MAKINDAView all authors and affiliations

Volume 29, Issue 3

https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010698029003003

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^* Dr Samuel M. Makinda is a Senior Lecturer in International Politics at Murdoch University in Perth, Western Australia. He would like to thank the Australian Research Council for funding the research for this article, and Jane Hutchison and two anonymous referees for constructive comments on earlier drafts.

References

1 Alan James, `Sovereignty: Ground Rule or Gibberish?', Review of International Studies, vol. 10, no. 1, 1984, pp. 1-18.

2 Alexander Wendt, `Anarchy is What States Make of It: the Social Construction of Power Politics', International Organization, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 391-425.

3 Helga Haftendorn, `The Security Puzzle: Theory-Building and Discipline-Building in International Security', International Studies Quarterly, vol. 35, no. 1, 1991, pp. 3-17

4 According to the 1993 Vienna Declaration on Human Rights, basic needs are universal human rights; see UNGA, `Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action', A/CONF.157/23.

5 Samuel M. Makinda, `Sovereignty and International Security: Challenges for the United Nations', Global Governance, vol. 2, no. 2, 1996, pp. 149-168, on p. 154.

6 Stephen D. Krasner, `Compromising Westphalia', International Security, vol. 20, no. 3, 1996, pp. 115-151, on p. 115.

7 Joseph A. Camilleri & Jim Falk, The End of Sovereignty? (Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1992), p. 12.

8 W. Michael Reisman, `Sovereignty and Human Rights in Contemporary International Law', American Journal of International Law, vol. 84, no. 4, 1990, pp. 866-876, on p. 867.

9 Samuel J. Barkin & Bruce Cronin, `The State and the Nation: Changing Norms and the Rules of Sovereignty', International Organization, vol. 48, no. 1, 1994, p. 108. See also F. H. Hinsley, Sovereignty (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), p. 17.

10 Thomas J. Biersteker & Cynthia Weber, eds, State Sovereignty as Social Construct (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), p. 11.

11 Cynthia Weber, Simulating Sovereignty (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp. 6-9.

12 See Jens Bartelson, A Genealogy of Sovereignty (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).

13 Weber, Simulating Sovereignty, p. 8.

14 Although sovereignty has been associated with territory for centuries, the inviolability of territorial integrity was given more emphasis after World War II, particularly by the UN Charter.

15 Alexander Wendt, `Constructing International Politics', International Security, vol. 20, no. 1, 1995, pp. 71-81.

16 Marianne Heiberg, ed., Subduing Sovereignty (London: Pinter, 1994).

17 Commission on Global Governance, Our Global Neighbourhood (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 69.

18 Commission on Global Governance, 1995, p. 7.

19 Commission on Global Governance, 1995, p.132.

20 UN Press Release, 1991.

21 Boutros Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda for Peace (New York: United Nations, 1992), p. 5.

22 Boutros Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda for Peace, 2nd edn. (New York: United Nations, 1995), p. 44.

23 Adam Roberts, Humanitarian Action in War (London: International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1996), pp. 7-8.

24 Samuel M. Makinda, Security in the Horn of Africa (London: International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1992), pp. 24-37.

25 As used here, `realism' includes neo-realism, while `liberalism' incorporates neoliberalism and its variants. The label `critical theory' is used here to encompass all reflectivist theories which seek to `deepen' and `broaden' security.

26 John Mearsheimer, `The False Promise of International Institutions', International Security, vol. 19, no. 3, Winter 1994/95, pp. 5-49.

27 See, for example, Barry Buzan, Ole Wæver & Jaap de Wilde, Security: A Framework for Analysis (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1997).

28 Barry Buzan, `Is International Security Possible?', in Ken Booth, ed., New Thinking About Strategy and International Security (London: HarperCollins, 1991), pp. 31-55, on p. 33.

29 Edward A. Kolodziej, `Renaissance in Security Studies? Caveat Lector!', International Studies Quarterly, vol. 36, no. 4, 1992, pp. 421-438, on p. 421.

30 Gareth Evans, `Cooperative Security and Intrastate Conflict', Foreign Policy, no. 96, 1994, pp. 3-20, on p. 9.

31 `Note by the President of the Security Council', UN Doc. No. S/23500, 31 January 1992, p. 3.

32 Michael MccGwire, Military Objectives in Soviet Foreign Policy (Washington DC: Brookings Institution, 1987).

33 Strobe Talbott, `The New Geopolitics: Defending Democracy in the Post-Cold War Era', The World Today, vol. 51, no. 1, 1995, pp. 7-10, on p. 7.

34 Mohammed Ayoob, The Third World Security Predicament (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1995), pp. 78-83.

35 Brian Urquhart, `The UN and International Security After the Cold War', in Adam Roberts & Benedict Kingsbury, eds, United Nations, Divided World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), pp. 81-103, on pp. 91-92.

36 Adam Roberts, `From San Francisco to Sarajevo: The UN and the Use of Force', Survival, vol. 37, no.4, Winter 1995/96, pp. 7-28, on p. 8.

37 Boutros Boutros-Ghali, `Democracy: A Newly Recognized Democratic Imperative', Global Governance, vol.1, no.1, 1995, pp. 3-11, on p. 3.

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