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分散の公式 V(X) = E(X²) - {E(X)}² は、初めて習ったときから「これって三平方の定理だよね」という図形的イメージを持っていた。具現化するとこんな感じ。
Hand-drawn diagram with mathematical notation and vectors. X is defined as a column vector with elements y and an-m, and m as E(X) with n elements. A right triangle shows vectors x, u, and h, with h as x minus u. Red and blue annotations highlight vector components and equations, including V(X) = E(X²) - {E(X)}² and n = E(X) = a·m + n·V(X). Japanese text appears alongside the equations.