What Was the Manilla Spaniel?

The Manilla Spaniel was a small, elegant dog breed native to Manila, characterized by its long, wavy white coat, drooping ears, and jet-black nose. It was often described as a larger version of the Maltese, weighing up to 16 pounds (7 kg), and was known for being quick to learn, highly disciplined, fiercely loyal, and long-lived . Despite its name, it wasn’t a true spaniel; it was more closely related to bichon-type breeds.  

Global Reach and Decline

During the 19th century, the breed gained international attention. English dog enthusiasts even attempted to establish breeding programs in England, and advertisements for Manilla Spaniels appeared in Australian newspapers . However, many of these dogs perished during long sea voyages due to stress, malnutrition, and poor hygiene . By the mid-20th century, the breed had largely disappeared outside the Philippines.   

Was It a Native Breed?

The Manilla Spaniel’s status as a native Philippine breed is debated. Some accounts suggest it was a luxury pet brought to Manila by early trading ships, similar to breeds like the Havanese or Coton de Tuléar . Others believe it was an indigenous breed, possibly related to the “Manila Dog” or “Sampaguita,” names that were used for small white dogs in the region .  

Rediscovery and Revival Efforts

Interest in the Manilla Spaniel has resurged in recent years, thanks to articles and podcasts that delve into its history. Notably, Dr. Desmond Morris, a renowned zoologist, expressed interest in reviving the breed and even suggested advertising in local Philippine press to locate any remaining dogs . 

While no confirmed specimens have been found, the Manilla Spaniel remains a symbol of the Philippines’ rich cultural and natural heritage, highlighting the country’s once-diverse canine landscape.