Conversation
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A new months-long investigation based on a leak of more than 100,000 internal documents from
Geedge Networks (积至), co-founded by
Fang Binxing (方滨兴) — an academician of
Chinese Academy of Engineering and “the Father of China’s Great Firewall”, has revealed that the little-known Chinese company has been exporting surveillance and censorship technologies to repressive regimes including Myanmar, Pakistan, Kazakhstan and Ethiopia.
Fang had a big influence on what China's internet looks like today: a parallel universe without Google, WhatsApp, or Wikipedia — but with a censorship machine that silently eliminates any undesirable content.
For its export of surveillance and censorship technologies, Geedge Networks partly relied on Western and European technologies.
The investigation was conducted by Follow the Money, German investigative newsroom Paper Trail Media, Austrian newspaper DER STANDARD, and Canadian newspaper The Globe and Mail, with the help of Amnesty International, Justice for Myanmar, the Tor Project, and InterSecLab — which also provided technical support.
https://ftm.eu/articles/how-china-is-exporting-its-censorship-technology…
https://theglobeandmail.com/world/article-leaked-files-show-a-chinese-company-is-exporting-the-great-firewalls/…
https://wired.com/story/geedge-networks-mass-censorship-leak/…
Technical analysis
https://interseclab.org/research/the-internet-coup/…
Pakistan (press release)
https://amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/09/pakistan-mass-surveillance-and-censorship-machine-is-fueled-by-chinese-european-emirati-and-north-american-companies/…
Pakistan (report)
https://amnesty.org/en/documents/asa33/0206/2025/en/…
Myanmar (press release)
https://justiceformyanmar.org/press-releases/report-reveals-how-chinas-geedge-networks-and-myanmar-telecoms-companies-are-enabling-the-illegal-juntas-digital-terror-campaign…
Myanmar (report)
https://justiceformyanmar.org/stories/silk-road-of-surveillance…