Arianism
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1. outline2. main doctrine3. history
3.1. Electricity (318-381) - Arianism in the Roman Empire
4. descendants5. etc6. media7. look around3.1.1. Early life (318-325) - Arianism during the Council of Nicaea
3.2. Late (381-early 8th century) - Arians in the Germanic kingdom3.1.1.1. Argument between Arius and Alexander 1: Is Jesus a creature?3.1.1.2. The meaning of Arius' Argument 1: Jesus is a creature.3.1.1.3. The Danger of Arius' Argument 1: Has the Church Worshiped Creation?3.1.1.4. Arius' Argument 2: Jesus must not be God. It is meaningful for humans to obey God, but it is meaningless for God to obey God.3.1.1.5. Consequences of Arius' Argument: Excommunication3.1.1.6. Arius's Future: Return3.1.1.7. Arbitration of Constantine : Synod
3.1.2. Heyday (325-378) - Arianism from the Council of Nicaea to the First Council of Constantinople3.1.3. Decline (378-381) - Arianism during the Council of Constantinople: Decline of Arianism in the Roman Empire3.1.1.7.1. The crux of Arius' argument: Jesus is not God.3.1.1.7.2. Response to the universal church : Trinity theory3.1.1.7.3. different positions3.1.1.7.4. Conclusion of the Council of Nicaea : The Nicene Creed
1. outline
Arianism is a denomination of Christianity developed based on Ariusist theology , and is defined as heresy in mainstream Christian doctrine .
Priest of Alexandria's Assistant Priest in the early 4th century Arius followed Ariusism, the semi -watershed theology, and in the early church, it was formed by Atana Siuspa with Atana Siuspa , but was defined as heresy by Atana Siuspa, a Christian mainstream and in 325 in 325. It was expelled by adopting the Trinity doctrine at the first Nicaea Council .
Priest of Alexandria's Assistant Priest in the early 4th century Arius followed Ariusism, the semi -watershed theology, and in the early church, it was formed by Atana Siuspa with Atana Siuspa , but was defined as heresy by Atana Siuspa, a Christian mainstream and in 325 in 325. It was expelled by adopting the Trinity doctrine at the first Nicaea Council .
2. main doctrine
The core of Aris is that Yahweh ( Father ) and Jesus Christ ( Son ) are heterogeneous and differentiated. Priest Arius denied the Trinity of Atanasius , "The Father and the Son are the same essence and the same being," and insisted that Christ is nothing more than a tool created by the Father for the salvation of the world. Therefore, Christ insisted that it could not be the same essence, or the same essence, but only heterousios, and destroyed the divinity of Christ's properties. Arius's representative arguments are roughly as follows.
- The Son, or Son Logos ( Jesus Christ ), is the first and best creation of God the Father, the Mediator and Comforter between God and the world, and was created from nothing by the will of the Father before all conceivable time, creating the world.
- The term " son " is a metaphor and does not imply that Jesus is the same as God or shares a position with him.[1]
- The son's position is itself the result of the father's will.
- There was a time when God the Father was not the Father, and the Word of God, the Son, was made out of nothing, not from eternity. Therefore, the Son is not eternal, but has a beginning, and there was a time when he did not exist.
- The Holy Spirit is the first creature and impersonal active force of the Son.
Arian Christianity, which took this as its core doctrine, was considered a heresy that was difficult to coexist with Athanasian Christianity, which took the Trinity as its core doctrine . Although the Arian doctrine is not a direct descendant , it has many parts in common with the doctrine of Jehovah's Witnesses or Unitarians today .
The Arius debate developed into a confrontation of the former Christian world. For this reason, the emperor Constantinus I was in danger of being divided into religion, not long after recognizing Christianity as a legal religion. The Emperor Bondi Constantine is a Roman who was born in a Roman Empire that has not yet been completely Greek .[2] In the end, however, the first Nicaea Council was held in 325, ordering to hold a council for the first time to solve the division of the church . Attana Siuspa won the Nicaea Council under the presidency of the Emperor Constantine, and the Trinity was authentic, and the Trinity was authentic as "the same nature of the Father and the Son . "
Arius' argument was very concise, consistent, and logical. However, the problem is that in the Gospel, passages that seem to distinguish Jesus from God and passages that seem to identify Jesus coexist. These inherent internal contradictions in the Gospel ultimately became the cause of the controversy between Athanasians and Arians, and later, the bitter and bloody battles of Christian doctrine, such as Monophysitism and Monotheism . At the time, the Athanasian doctrine of the Trinity used several circumvention devices to superficially suture these contradictory parts. Examining the logical contradictions in Athanasius's claims was a problem that was not easy for ordinary people to judge. On the other hand, Arius chose to take one of the two contradictory contents in the Gospel and ignore the other for the sake of consistency, unity, and logical infallibility of the doctrine itself. However, the Athanasians fiercely dug into and attacked this part, eventually accusing the Arians of heresy.
However, despite the decision of the Council of Nicaea, Arius's argument has held power for centuries because it is easy to understand, concise, and consistent, unlike the esoteric Trinity theory. In addition, Constantine the Great, who was initially ignorant of Christianity, gradually delved deeply into Christian doctrine and fell into Arianism. Emperor Constantine had Arius as an aide in his later years. Since then, successive emperors, the successors of Constantine the Great, believed in Arianism, and a strange phenomenon occurred in which the Trinitarian faction was oppressed. In this situation, the Arians were intensifying their invasions in Europe . It spread extensively to the Germanic tribes , and even a phenomenon occurred where many Germanic tribes followed the Arians.
While the Arian faction was growing in power, the First Council of Constantinople, convened by Emperor Theodosius I in 381, reaffirmed the First Council of Nicaea's mandate of the Trinity and ultimately reaffirmed the Arian faction as a heresy.
Accordingly, the Arians were suppressed throughout the empire, and those who survived continued their existence by mainly proselytizing to Germanic tribes such as the Goths , Vandals , and Lombards. In the midst of continued sectarian strife, the Franks among the Germanic tribes invaded around 500.[3] He simply converted to the Trinity faction. However, in the 8th century, when Carolus the Great of the Frankish Kingdom occupied a large number of other Germanic tribes who believed in Arianism, he implemented a policy of exterminating those who did not convert to the Trinity theory. As a result , all Germanic tribes, such as Saxons and Bavarians , who believed in Arianism, converted to Catholicism. Arianism was completely extinct due to forced conversions or, if not, mass murder.[4]
The Arius debate developed into a confrontation of the former Christian world. For this reason, the emperor Constantinus I was in danger of being divided into religion, not long after recognizing Christianity as a legal religion. The Emperor Bondi Constantine is a Roman who was born in a Roman Empire that has not yet been completely Greek .[2] In the end, however, the first Nicaea Council was held in 325, ordering to hold a council for the first time to solve the division of the church . Attana Siuspa won the Nicaea Council under the presidency of the Emperor Constantine, and the Trinity was authentic, and the Trinity was authentic as "the same nature of the Father and the Son . "
Arius' argument was very concise, consistent, and logical. However, the problem is that in the Gospel, passages that seem to distinguish Jesus from God and passages that seem to identify Jesus coexist. These inherent internal contradictions in the Gospel ultimately became the cause of the controversy between Athanasians and Arians, and later, the bitter and bloody battles of Christian doctrine, such as Monophysitism and Monotheism . At the time, the Athanasian doctrine of the Trinity used several circumvention devices to superficially suture these contradictory parts. Examining the logical contradictions in Athanasius's claims was a problem that was not easy for ordinary people to judge. On the other hand, Arius chose to take one of the two contradictory contents in the Gospel and ignore the other for the sake of consistency, unity, and logical infallibility of the doctrine itself. However, the Athanasians fiercely dug into and attacked this part, eventually accusing the Arians of heresy.
However, despite the decision of the Council of Nicaea, Arius's argument has held power for centuries because it is easy to understand, concise, and consistent, unlike the esoteric Trinity theory. In addition, Constantine the Great, who was initially ignorant of Christianity, gradually delved deeply into Christian doctrine and fell into Arianism. Emperor Constantine had Arius as an aide in his later years. Since then, successive emperors, the successors of Constantine the Great, believed in Arianism, and a strange phenomenon occurred in which the Trinitarian faction was oppressed. In this situation, the Arians were intensifying their invasions in Europe . It spread extensively to the Germanic tribes , and even a phenomenon occurred where many Germanic tribes followed the Arians.
While the Arian faction was growing in power, the First Council of Constantinople, convened by Emperor Theodosius I in 381, reaffirmed the First Council of Nicaea's mandate of the Trinity and ultimately reaffirmed the Arian faction as a heresy.
Accordingly, the Arians were suppressed throughout the empire, and those who survived continued their existence by mainly proselytizing to Germanic tribes such as the Goths , Vandals , and Lombards. In the midst of continued sectarian strife, the Franks among the Germanic tribes invaded around 500.[3] He simply converted to the Trinity faction. However, in the 8th century, when Carolus the Great of the Frankish Kingdom occupied a large number of other Germanic tribes who believed in Arianism, he implemented a policy of exterminating those who did not convert to the Trinity theory. As a result , all Germanic tribes, such as Saxons and Bavarians , who believed in Arianism, converted to Catholicism. Arianism was completely extinct due to forced conversions or, if not, mass murder.[4]
3. history
3.1. Electricity (318-381) - Arianism in the Roman Empire
3.1.1. Early life (318-325) - Arianism during the Council of Nicaea
3.1.1.1. Argument between Arius and Alexander 1: Is Jesus a creature?
Arius was originally a priest from Alexandria . Around 320, in Alexandria, the cultural center of the empire, Arius, a Libyan priest,[5] He presents a new claim about the relationship between the Father and the Son. Arius, one of the city's most prominent and popular priests, argued with his superior, Patriarch Alexander of Alexandria, over whether the Logos, the Word of God, was eternal with God. Arius argues that the Word is not God, but the greatest being among all creatures, and that the Word was created by God before everything else in the world was created. However, Alexander argued that the Word cannot be created because it is divine, and that it exists eternally with the Father. Arius claimed that Alexander denied Christian monotheism. Arius opposed Alexander and argued that Jesus was not God (true God).[6] If Jesus is God, then there are two divine beings, so ultimately there are two gods.
God is not always the father, there was a time when he was not the father. The Word of God did not exist from all eternity, but was created out of nothing. The eternally existing God (I Am or Eternal) created out of nothing His Son , who did not exist. So there was a time when he did not exist, and his son is a creature. He is not like the Father, and originally he is not the true Word or the true Wisdom of the Father, but in fact is only a creature made by God, and because he is made by the Word and Wisdom of God like other creatures, it is said that he is simply the Word and Wisdom itself. that is wrong. Therefore, the Word is different from the essence of God. And the Father is not explained by the Son and is not visible to His Son. This is because the Word does not know the Father accurately and perfectly, nor can it see him properly. The son cannot know his true nature. For God used him as an instrument to make us through the Word , and if it had not been for making us, he would not have made him. |
God did not continue to be a father, there was a period when he was alone and was not a father. He later became a father. The Son is not from eternity, but from nothing. - Banquet (Thalia) - |
source
Arius' argument can be summarized in four points as follows.
Arius' argument can be summarized in four points as follows.
3.1.1.2. The meaning of Arius' Argument 1: Jesus is a creature.
What this means is that in early Christianity , although it may not have been as systematized as the elaborate Trinity theory of later times, Jesus was somewhat loosely referred to as “God, the only Son of God,” or “ God as the Word of God who became man. ” It has been believed that In other words, they believed that Jesus was also God , and therefore they 'adored' him along with the Father. However, Arius, who learned Greek philosophy, insisted on the unity of God, saying, " If there is only one God , then it must be one. How can you claim that Jesus is God when you insist on monotheism?" and regarded Jesus, who was believed to be God, as God's " chief creation ."
3.1.1.3. The Danger of Arius' Argument 1: Has the Church Worshiped Creation?
His argument was easy to accept because it was logical in terms of monotheistic faith, but if it were to do so, the priests of the existing church would suffer fatal damage to the holy tradition handed down from the apostles, while at the same time confessing that the church "adores creation." do or[7][8] We had to stop worshiping Jesus . The Trinity of the church at the time was trying to somehow accept the phrases 'Jesus is God' and 'Jesus is the Son of God', but Arius' simple claim to 'ignore one verse' The existing early Christian (Athanasian) priests provided an excuse to counterattack Arius' claims, saying that they were too extreme.
Alexander replied that the divinity of Jesus is denied because Arius' theory denies the divinity of the Word. The church has been worshiping Jesus Christ from the beginning, but according to Arius' theory, the church must either stop worshiping it or declare that it is worshiping the creature. This was an unacceptable theory in the Church.
Alexander replied that the divinity of Jesus is denied because Arius' theory denies the divinity of the Word. The church has been worshiping Jesus Christ from the beginning, but according to Arius' theory, the church must either stop worshiping it or declare that it is worshiping the creature. This was an unacceptable theory in the Church.
3.1.1.4. Arius' Argument 2: Jesus must not be God. It is meaningful for humans to obey God, but it is meaningless for God to obey God.
Furthermore, there was another core of the problem, which was Christ's way of salvation. According to Athanasius, one of the defenders of Alexander's view, Christ accomplished our salvation because in Christ God entered human history and opened the way for us to return to God . But Arius and his followers considered such a view to jeopardize Christ's role as savior . Because Jesus opened the way to salvation by obeying God, but if Jesus were a god and not a creature, such obedience would be meaningless.[9]
3.1.1.5. Consequences of Arius' Argument: Excommunication
In the end, they were divided into those who accepted his words because they were easy to say, those who accepted him, and those who opposed him.[10] Eventually, Arius and his supporters were interrogated in front of about a hundred bishops from Egypt , Libya , and Tripolitania , and were even excommunicated for heresy.
The controversy took on a public character when Alexander, on the basis of his episcopal authority and responsibility, condemned the teachings of Arius and expelled him from all positions in the Alexandrian church. Arius also did not give in to this and responded by appealing to the citizens and bishops of the Eastern Empire to make his case, and because Arius' argument itself was extremely simple and easy to understand, his teachings spread everywhere. Banners were put up on the streets, violent debates broke out in the marketplace, and all sorts of slogans written in chalk were circulated on every wall, literally entering a debate moderegardless of whether nobles or commoners were alike. In addition, Arius was good at influencing public opinion, and he wrote songs and nursery rhymes to spread his views, so it is said that many people sang them.[11]
The controversy took on a public character when Alexander, on the basis of his episcopal authority and responsibility, condemned the teachings of Arius and expelled him from all positions in the Alexandrian church. Arius also did not give in to this and responded by appealing to the citizens and bishops of the Eastern Empire to make his case, and because Arius' argument itself was extremely simple and easy to understand, his teachings spread everywhere. Banners were put up on the streets, violent debates broke out in the marketplace, and all sorts of slogans written in chalk were circulated on every wall, literally entering a debate mode
We consider him the father of religious music in the Christian Church and pay him great respect.Dictionary of Catholic theology, ‘Arianism’ entry[12]
3.1.1.6. Arius's Future: Return
Arius also left Alexandria, Egypt , his home ground undeterred by excommunication, and went to Nicomedia , where Bishop Eusebius convened a local council and adopted a view overwhelmingly in favor of Arius. A council of Syrian prelates convened at about the same time by Eusebius (the same name), Bishop of Caesarea, expressed the same view.
With strong backing, Arius returned to Egypt and demanded reinstatement. However, Alexander, Archbishop of Alexandria, naturally refused, and then a large-scale riot broke out. and in the fall of 323[13] By now the riots had grown dangerously large, not only in Egypt, but throughout the Levant .
With strong backing, Arius returned to Egypt and demanded reinstatement. However, Alexander, Archbishop of Alexandria, naturally refused, and then a large-scale riot broke out. and in the fall of 323[13] By now the riots had grown dangerously large, not only in Egypt, but throughout the Levant .
3.1.1.7. Arbitration of Constantine : Synod
Soon after, Emperor Constantine , who had just unified the empire, was understandably horrified by this situation, and sent a personally written letter to both the Orthodox and Arianists to end the situation. Thus, the local theological controversy in Alexandria grew bigger and threatened to split the Eastern Church. Christianity at the time This doctrinal debate, which began in Alexandria, one of the centers of theology , divided the entire Christian world at the time.
3.1.1.7.1. The crux of Arius' argument: Jesus is not God.
It was from this season that the Trinity became a topic of discussion in earnest and began to become more advanced. In the first place, the Trinity is a word that does not appear in the Bible , and is an expression established by later churches out of necessity, in order to defeat Arius . This is because , like the Greek philosophers at the time , Jesus did not discuss in detail the relationship and ontology between himself and Elohim .
In modern times, many people misread it as “Arianism is a heresy that claimed that Jesus was human and committed blasphemy .” However, Arius' argument is not to reduce Jesus to a human being. Arianism is that Jesus is clearly a divine being different from other creatures, but he is not the "true God" equal to the Father as the church has traditionally preached, and it recognizes that Jesus is merely an ordinary "human" or a "savior." It's not that I don't do it.[14]
According to Arius' claim, Jesus was the 'first creature' that the true and only God created (or decided to create) before the creation of the heavens and the earth. And this one God accepted Jesus as his Son, the class of God. Therefore, Jesus became God even though he was a creature. But that doesn't mean that this is the only God we believe and follow in a true sense . ' This thesis was the core of Arius' argument.
This was not an attempt to ignore Jesus , but because he thought that Christianity would become a polytheistic religion if it were overlooked and dismissed as the true God . God must be an eternal and unchanging God that no one can deny. However, if the church defines the existence of Jesus as the true God but continues to distinguish him as a separate person from God and preach worshiping him, it contradicts the monotheistic faith of Christianity. This is because it was seen as destroying the foundation of the doctrine.
However, if Jesus was simply treated as the incarnation of God and therefore the Trinity was true, it was thought that the history of the Savior in the Gospels would all become a one-man show. Arius strongly opposed the modalism that the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit are the same being, but the essence of one only appeared differently from each other in terms of expression.
In the end, because of Arianism, the existing churchcannot be taken away . Is Jesus essentially the true God or not? I was faced with a situation where I had to choose between two options.
In modern times, many people misread it as “Arianism is a heresy that claimed that Jesus was human and committed blasphemy .” However, Arius' argument is not to reduce Jesus to a human being. Arianism is that Jesus is clearly a divine being different from other creatures, but he is not the "true God" equal to the Father as the church has traditionally preached, and it recognizes that Jesus is merely an ordinary "human" or a "savior." It's not that I don't do it.[14]
According to Arius' claim, Jesus was the 'first creature' that the true and only God created (or decided to create) before the creation of the heavens and the earth. And this one God accepted Jesus as his Son, the class of God. Therefore, Jesus became God even though he was a creature. But that doesn't mean that this is the only God we believe and follow in a true sense . ' This thesis was the core of Arius' argument.
This was not an attempt to ignore Jesus , but because he thought that Christianity would become a polytheistic religion if it were overlooked and dismissed as the true God . God must be an eternal and unchanging God that no one can deny. However, if the church defines the existence of Jesus as the true God but continues to distinguish him as a separate person from God and preach worshiping him, it contradicts the monotheistic faith of Christianity. This is because it was seen as destroying the foundation of the doctrine.
However, if Jesus was simply treated as the incarnation of God and therefore the Trinity was true, it was thought that the history of the Savior in the Gospels would all become a one-man show. Arius strongly opposed the modalism that the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit are the same being, but the essence of one only appeared differently from each other in terms of expression.
In the end, because of Arianism, the existing church
3.1.1.7.2. Response to the universal church : Trinity theory
The Universal Church at the time, which had been fighting against Gnosticism, now had to fight against Arianism, which had completely opposite claims. The advantage of Arianism is its simplicity . In the end, the universal church must explain in an easy-to-understand way how Christianity , which advocates monotheism, can believe that Jesus is God.
Bishop of the same Alexandrian parish Atanacius strongly rebelled and defended the Trinity theory , because if Jesus was Ariusism that Jesus was not a true God, he thought that Christianity became a polygon because it became a composition of the only God and a lower God Jesus, and the existence of Jesus weakened and saved mankind.
Constantine, who did not want the empire to be divided, intervened and convened a general assembly of church bishops from all over the empire. This assembly was to resolve the controversies that had arisen in Alexandria as well as to deal with matters requiring the establishment of standard policies.
It was this Arius controversy that emerged as the most important and difficult issue in the First Council of Nicaea , also known as the Council of Nicaea.
Bishop of the same Alexandrian parish Atanacius strongly rebelled and defended the Trinity theory , because if Jesus was Ariusism that Jesus was not a true God, he thought that Christianity became a polygon because it became a composition of the only God and a lower God Jesus, and the existence of Jesus weakened and saved mankind.
Constantine, who did not want the empire to be divided, intervened and convened a general assembly of church bishops from all over the empire. This assembly was to resolve the controversies that had arisen in Alexandria as well as to deal with matters requiring the establishment of standard policies.
It was this Arius controversy that emerged as the most important and difficult issue in the First Council of Nicaea , also known as the Council of Nicaea.
3.1.1.7.3. different positions
There were groups with differing views on this issue.
- First of all , the Arianists led by Eusebius of Nicomedia represented Arius' position.
- Accordingly, Alexander of Alexandria directly confronted Arianism and was convinced that Arianism threatened the core of Christian faith and should be condemned.
- The bishops of the Western church did not pay attention to this dispute, but they thought it was just the argument of the bishops from the Eastern church, and it was enough to define God as “three persons and one body” as Tertullian said . Since ancient times, the church has referred to the subject who thinks and acts as Persona. Man has one main body and one persona, but God has one main body and three personas. In other words, the main body as God is one person, but the persona as a subject is three people. In Korean, God's persona is expressed as persona. This difference in position between the West and the East later led to the filioque issue .
- In addition, another small group of three or four people advocated the “Paradise Passionism,” which is that the Father suffered because the Father and the Son were identical. These bishops agreed that Arianism was erroneous, but their doctrine was later condemned as modalism when the church clarified the doctrine of the Trinity.
Eusebius of Nicomedia was convinced that if Arius' teachings were clearly explained, they would be justified and Alexander condemned. However, the assertion that the Word or the saint, no matter how high a position he had, was only a creature angered many bishops, and Eusebius was dragged off the podium without finishing his speech.
3.1.1.7.4. Conclusion of the Council of Nicaea : The Nicene Creed
Most of those who attended the meeting did not belong to any group, and were concerned that a controversy that had the potential to split the church had arisen even after the persecution had ended. They sought a compromise that everyone could agree on, but Euse of Nicomedia After hearing Pius' speech, I was convinced that Arianism should be condemned in the clearest possible way. In this process, it was difficult to express opposition to Arianism if only existing Bible verses were used, so an agreement was reached to write a creed to express the church's faith. Here, the 'Creed' is a statement of faith that is asked and answered by the priest giving the baptism and the catechumen receiving the baptism during the baptism ceremony.
Finally, the council drew up a creed based on the creed used for baptism in the church of Caesarea , but with many added contents that clearly rejected Arianism. However, during this process, Constantine inserted the word homoousios (ὁμοούσιος), or 'same substance', into the text, which, contrary to his intention, became the starting point of another controversy.
Eventually, the Nicene Creed, which accepted the Athanasian argument, was published. At the time of the Council of Nicaea, due to the chaos within the Roman Empire and the subsequent sharp conflict of opinion between Arianism and Athanasianism, it was not binding on the entire church, and even those who attended did not think that it would have the same importance as it does now.[15] Therefore, unlike later councils that kept thorough records, the Council of Nicaea did not leave public records. The fact that future generations like us know the details and progress of the Council of Nicaea is thanks to the records left behind by each person who attended the Council.
Finally, the council drew up a creed based on the creed used for baptism in the church of Caesarea , but with many added contents that clearly rejected Arianism. However, during this process, Constantine inserted the word homoousios (ὁμοούσιος), or 'same substance', into the text, which, contrary to his intention, became the starting point of another controversy.
Eventually, the Nicene Creed, which accepted the Athanasian argument, was published. At the time of the Council of Nicaea, due to the chaos within the Roman Empire and the subsequent sharp conflict of opinion between Arianism and Athanasianism, it was not binding on the entire church, and even those who attended did not think that it would have the same importance as it does now.[15] Therefore, unlike later councils that kept thorough records, the Council of Nicaea did not leave public records. The fact that future generations like us know the details and progress of the Council of Nicaea is thanks to the records left behind by each person who attended the Council.
3.1.2. Heyday (325-378) - Arianism from the Council of Nicaea to the First Council of Constantinople
The theology of Arianism gained great popularity because of its logical and concise explanations. Arianism gained widespread support in the eastern part of the Roman Empire at the time, and many eminent theologians also supported it. Even influential bishops of the time, such as Eusebius, supported Arianism. Emperor Constantine I also supported Arianism in his later years.
However, the Arians never won a majority among the bishops, and the conflict intensified to the point where the Western Trinitarians held separate councils in Sardica (342) and the Eastern Arians held separate councils in Philippopolis (343). Also, the strong Arianism, which insisted on the heterogeneous nature and anomoios of the Father and the Son, and the similarity between the Father and the Son. It was divided into the moderate anti-Arian faction, which insisted on essence (homoiousios), and was in conflict with the Trinitarian faction. Constantius II used force to impose Arianism on the West in Sirmium (351), Aralate (353), and Mediolanum (355), but the Arian faction split again and became a heterogeneous group whose creed was recognized in Sirmium (357). Essence Arian hardliners, quasi-essence semi-Arians moderates, anti-Arians who argued for the similarity (homoios) of the Father and the Son They are divided into centrist factions and are in conflict. Constantius II continued to hold the Councils of Sirmium (358), Antioch (358), Ankara (358), Seleucia (359), Ariminum ( 359), and Constantinople (360), which established the Nicene Creed as a moderate Arian faction. Instead, they attempted to declare it the state religion of the empire, but internal divisions within Arianism continued.
During its heyday, Arianism gained the upper hand as an authoritative denomination in the Roman Empire and was led by Wulfila, who is called the apostle of the Goths.[16] visited Constantinople and was appointed bishop by the Arianists . Afterwards, he created the Gothic alphabet , translated the Bible into Gothic , and did missionary work to the Germanic tribes outside the empire's territory, spreading the Teutonic traditional faith widely among the Germanic tribes.
In particular, until St. Augustine , the Western Church was often in a position to follow the theology of the Eastern Church, and the vanguard of anti-Arianism was also taken by the Eastern Church Fathers, such as Saint Athanasius and the Cappadocian Fathers represented by Saint Basil .
Due to the suppression of the Trinitarian and anti-Arian schools by Valens , the same-essential anti-Arianism, which is close to the Trinitarian and Athanasian schools of the same essence, joined together, and this theological inferiority continued.
However, the Arians never won a majority among the bishops, and the conflict intensified to the point where the Western Trinitarians held separate councils in Sardica (342) and the Eastern Arians held separate councils in Philippopolis (343). Also, the strong Arianism, which insisted on the heterogeneous nature and anomoios of the Father and the Son, and the similarity between the Father and the Son. It was divided into the moderate anti-Arian faction, which insisted on essence (homoiousios), and was in conflict with the Trinitarian faction. Constantius II used force to impose Arianism on the West in Sirmium (351), Aralate (353), and Mediolanum (355), but the Arian faction split again and became a heterogeneous group whose creed was recognized in Sirmium (357). Essence Arian hardliners, quasi-essence semi-Arians moderates, anti-Arians who argued for the similarity (homoios) of the Father and the Son They are divided into centrist factions and are in conflict. Constantius II continued to hold the Councils of Sirmium (358), Antioch (358), Ankara (358), Seleucia (359), Ariminum ( 359), and Constantinople (360), which established the Nicene Creed as a moderate Arian faction. Instead, they attempted to declare it the state religion of the empire, but internal divisions within Arianism continued.
During its heyday, Arianism gained the upper hand as an authoritative denomination in the Roman Empire and was led by Wulfila, who is called the apostle of the Goths.[16] visited Constantinople and was appointed bishop by the Arianists . Afterwards, he created the Gothic alphabet , translated the Bible into Gothic , and did missionary work to the Germanic tribes outside the empire's territory, spreading the Teutonic traditional faith widely among the Germanic tribes.
In particular, until St. Augustine , the Western Church was often in a position to follow the theology of the Eastern Church, and the vanguard of anti-Arianism was also taken by the Eastern Church Fathers, such as Saint Athanasius and the Cappadocian Fathers represented by Saint Basil .
Due to the suppression of the Trinitarian and anti-Arian schools by Valens , the same-essential anti-Arianism, which is close to the Trinitarian and Athanasian schools of the same essence, joined together, and this theological inferiority continued.
3.1.3. Decline (378-381) - Arianism during the Council of Constantinople: Decline of Arianism in the Roman Empire
Among the supporters of the Arians were Roman emperors, and they fought a fierce struggle with the Athanasians for nearly a century, but eventually gave way to the Athanasians.
The Nicene Creed concluded that the Savior is the true God and that the Father and the Son are of the same essence. But what is the relationship between the natural Holy Spirit and the Father and the Son ? This question persisted, so the Council of Constantinople was later held and concluded the doctrine of the Trinity, saying, “The Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit are of the same essence.” Therefore, the famous Nicene Creed of Constantinople was completed and published at the Council of Constantinople . Although the Apostles' Creed is more widely known, the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed is a more important confession of faith than the Apostles' Creed. In fact, the Apostles' Creed is close to an abbreviated version of the Nicene-Constantinople Creed, and is used only in the Western Church. The Council of Nicaea-Constantinople was recognized for its importance both at the time and in later generations, and was evaluated as the 'perfection of faith' for the next few centuries. There were people who said that there was no need for another council after that.[17]
It was declared a heresy at the Council of Nicaea in 325, and again declared a heresy at the First Council of Constantinople in 381 and the Council of Chalcedon in 451. Athanasian Christianity , which believes in the equal divinity of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit , eventually became the orthodox church. . Arians were persecuted.
After the Nicene Theodosius I , the Arians were supported by the Western Roman Emperor Gratian and the Empress Dowager , who was the regent for Valentinian II. The Arians maintained their power thanks to the support of Justina , but the Arians suffered a fatal blow when the layman Ambrose , aka Saint Ambrose, who had been acting as a mediator between the Athanasians and Arians who were fighting over the appointment of the Bishop of Milan, was baptized after the passionate persuasion of the Athanasians and was appointed Bishop of Milan a week later.
While studying theology, Ambrosius gradually began to reject the Arianists, but almost no Arianists were able to overcome his ability to argue through Eastern rhetoric. His sermons, arguments, and persuasive power even influenced the imperial emperor, and even the emperor Gratian converted from the Arian party to the Athanasian party . I gave up and had the Nike statue removed from the Senate . However, Valentinian II, the younger brother of Emperor Gratian and recognized as the ruler of Italy , maintained the Arian faith as it was, due to the influence of his mother, Justina.
When Emperor Gratian died (383) in the rebellion of Magnus Maximus, the Nicaean faction , which put forward the cause of saving the empire from the Arian heresy, the Arian faction, who was still the regent of the young Valentinian II, seized the real power of Italy. Empress Dowager Justina. This was possible because Magnus Maximus' invasion of Italy was stopped by the appropriate intervention of Theodosius I.
Ambrose, who took advantage of the death of Emperor Gratian to block the petition of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, a pagan senator who attempted to restore the statue of Nike , then began a fierce conflict with Justina.
In 385, Justina demanded the transfer of two cathedrals in Milan because the guards needed a place to worship separately . . Therefore, Ambrosio refused to do so, and gathered ordinary believers to set up a barricade against the requisition attempt that even mobilized the army . In response, Justina ordered Ambrosio to be exiled, but because the military threat from Magnus Maximus was gradually approaching, and because using force against Ambrosio, who had considerable popular support, was not something that even the emperor of the empire could easily decide, in the end The conscription order was repealed.
The confrontation between these two sides ended with Magnus Maximus moving south again after the death of Flavius Bauto , a general sent by Theodosius I to defend Italy , and the conclusion of an agreement recognizing the rights of Valentinian II (387 ) Valentinian II hurriedly fled to Theodosius I, and in the course of this civil war, Ambrosio is known to have helped Valentinian II and other members of the imperial family to some extent to escape from Milan. After Justina's death, Ambrosio converted to Athanasius until Valentinian II, decisively breaking the Arian influence in the Western Church. Arian power among the Romans had virtually disappeared by this time.
The Nicene Creed concluded that the Savior is the true God and that the Father and the Son are of the same essence. But what is the relationship between the natural Holy Spirit and the Father and the Son ? This question persisted, so the Council of Constantinople was later held and concluded the doctrine of the Trinity, saying, “The Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit are of the same essence.” Therefore, the famous Nicene Creed of Constantinople was completed and published at the Council of Constantinople . Although the Apostles' Creed is more widely known, the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed is a more important confession of faith than the Apostles' Creed. In fact, the Apostles' Creed is close to an abbreviated version of the Nicene-Constantinople Creed, and is used only in the Western Church. The Council of Nicaea-Constantinople was recognized for its importance both at the time and in later generations, and was evaluated as the 'perfection of faith' for the next few centuries. There were people who said that there was no need for another council after that.[17]
It was declared a heresy at the Council of Nicaea in 325, and again declared a heresy at the First Council of Constantinople in 381 and the Council of Chalcedon in 451. Athanasian Christianity , which believes in the equal divinity of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit , eventually became the orthodox church. . Arians were persecuted.
After the Nicene Theodosius I , the Arians were supported by the Western Roman Emperor Gratian and the Empress Dowager , who was the regent for Valentinian II. The Arians maintained their power thanks to the support of Justina , but the Arians suffered a fatal blow when the layman Ambrose , aka Saint Ambrose, who had been acting as a mediator between the Athanasians and Arians who were fighting over the appointment of the Bishop of Milan, was baptized after the passionate persuasion of the Athanasians and was appointed Bishop of Milan a week later.
While studying theology, Ambrosius gradually began to reject the Arianists, but almost no Arianists were able to overcome his ability to argue through Eastern rhetoric. His sermons, arguments, and persuasive power even influenced the imperial emperor, and even the emperor Gratian converted from the Arian party to the Athanasian party . I gave up and had the Nike statue removed from the Senate . However, Valentinian II, the younger brother of Emperor Gratian and recognized as the ruler of Italy , maintained the Arian faith as it was, due to the influence of his mother, Justina.
When Emperor Gratian died (383) in the rebellion of Magnus Maximus, the Nicaean faction , which put forward the cause of saving the empire from the Arian heresy, the Arian faction, who was still the regent of the young Valentinian II, seized the real power of Italy. Empress Dowager Justina. This was possible because Magnus Maximus' invasion of Italy was stopped by the appropriate intervention of Theodosius I.
Ambrose, who took advantage of the death of Emperor Gratian to block the petition of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, a pagan senator who attempted to restore the statue of Nike , then began a fierce conflict with Justina.
In 385, Justina demanded the transfer of two cathedrals in Milan because the guards needed a place to worship separately . . Therefore, Ambrosio refused to do so, and gathered ordinary believers to set up a barricade against the requisition attempt that even mobilized the army . In response, Justina ordered Ambrosio to be exiled, but because the military threat from Magnus Maximus was gradually approaching, and because using force against Ambrosio, who had considerable popular support, was not something that even the emperor of the empire could easily decide, in the end The conscription order was repealed.
The confrontation between these two sides ended with Magnus Maximus moving south again after the death of Flavius Bauto , a general sent by Theodosius I to defend Italy , and the conclusion of an agreement recognizing the rights of Valentinian II (387 ) Valentinian II hurriedly fled to Theodosius I, and in the course of this civil war, Ambrosio is known to have helped Valentinian II and other members of the imperial family to some extent to escape from Milan. After Justina's death, Ambrosio converted to Athanasius until Valentinian II, decisively breaking the Arian influence in the Western Church. Arian power among the Romans had virtually disappeared by this time.
3.2. Late (381-early 8th century) - Arians in the Germanic kingdom
3.2.1. Renaissance (381-496) - Arian revival in the Germanic kingdom
Aris was sentenced to heresy in the Roman Empire and declined, while the Magazine continued between the Germanic.[18] Once the doctrine of the Aris was more intuitive than the Triune , it was more intuitive to understand, and if the Catholic, which was sponsored by the Roman emperor and the Pope ,, the German kings entered under the influence of the Roman emperor and Pope, and the political reason to believe in Arius wave independently. There must have been.
In this state, the Western Roman Empire falls and the Middle Ages begins. After the fall of Western Rome, kingdoms were established in Western Europe by Germanic tribes who adopted Christianity, mainly from the Arian sect. The ethnic religion of the northern Germanic peoples with strong influence in the Ostrogothic Kingdom , Visigothic Kingdom , Vandal Kingdom , Lombard Kingdom , Burgundian Kingdom , Heruli Kingdom , Suebi Kingdom , Gepid Kingdom , Lugi Kingdom , Frankish Kingdom , Crimean Goths, etc. It once again became the dominant religion in the highlands of the former Western Roman Empire, to the point where the Western Chalcedonians (Catholics), who held the Trinity as their doctrine, were once again persecuted.
In North Africa , after an extreme confrontation, Catholics were massacred in revenge by the Arians, backed by the Vandals.
In this state, the Western Roman Empire falls and the Middle Ages begins. After the fall of Western Rome, kingdoms were established in Western Europe by Germanic tribes who adopted Christianity, mainly from the Arian sect. The ethnic religion of the northern Germanic peoples with strong influence in the Ostrogothic Kingdom , Visigothic Kingdom , Vandal Kingdom , Lombard Kingdom , Burgundian Kingdom , Heruli Kingdom , Suebi Kingdom , Gepid Kingdom , Lugi Kingdom , Frankish Kingdom , Crimean Goths, etc. It once again became the dominant religion in the highlands of the former Western Roman Empire, to the point where the Western Chalcedonians (Catholics), who held the Trinity as their doctrine, were once again persecuted.
In North Africa , after an extreme confrontation, Catholics were massacred in revenge by the Arians, backed by the Vandals.
3.2.2. Decline (496-early 8th century) - decline and extinction of Arianism in the Germanic kingdom
However, as Germanic kingdoms fell or converted to Catholicism , Arianism fell.
The ruler, the German Germanic , believed in Arius, but many Romans, the sebum, were still Christians. They were dominated by numbers and maintained culturally superiority. In addition, Arius waves could not build a wide range of integrated systems, unlike the Catholic Church. On the other hand, Aris's opposition to East Roma, while the Germans who believed in the same Arius, fought, continued to dismiss.
Meanwhile, the political situation changed as the Western Roman Empire completely collapsed and the Western Church , the religious center of Western Europe , came into conflict with the Eastern Church in Constantinople . Unlike before, the political burden on the Germanic kings that they had to recognize the Roman emperor's leadership if they accepted Catholicism disappeared, and instead, they became the protectors of Catholicism and had the justification to stand on equal footing with the emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, relying on the authority of the Roman Pope. It was possible to obtain. At the same time, it was possible to gain support from Western European Romans who believed in Catholicism.
Thanks to this political background, in 496, Clovis I of the Frank Kingdom was converted to Catholic Catholics . When the East Roman Empire, which has grown in the West for the revival of the forces, has attacked and weakened the Arispa Kingdom, the remaining Germanic kingdoms are converting to the Catholics one by one and converting them to the Romans to maintain the power.
In 487, the kingdom of Lugi was destroyed by the kingdom of Heruli, the Heruli kingdom was destroyed by the East Gotcar Kingdom in 493, and the Emperor East Roman Empire Eulstinia was destroyed in 534 and destroyed the East Got kingdom in 554 , and in 567 the Kingdom of Gefid was destroyed by the kingdom of Langgobard . In 517, the king of the king of the Burgundy Kingdom , between 561 and 570, was converted to Catholic , King Ariamir or Theodemir of the Suebi Kingdom in 561 and 570, and in 589, the King of the Kingdom of the Kingdom was converted to the Catholic , and the 6th -century Crimeans were baptized in the Eastern Church , the current Eastern Church .
In 616 , King Adalalt of the Kingdom of Langobard ascended the throne as the first Catholic king of the Kingdom of Langobard, and after the reign of Garibalt, the last Arian king, Pertarit made Catholicism the state religion in 671 , and in the 8th century Following Kuningfert , as Catholicism became completely under Liuprand, Arianism lost all ground and disappeared.
In North Africa, where Aris's teaching was strong, Islam quickly converted to Islam.[19] It disappeared.
The ruler, the German Germanic , believed in Arius, but many Romans, the sebum, were still Christians. They were dominated by numbers and maintained culturally superiority. In addition, Arius waves could not build a wide range of integrated systems, unlike the Catholic Church. On the other hand, Aris's opposition to East Roma, while the Germans who believed in the same Arius, fought, continued to dismiss.
Meanwhile, the political situation changed as the Western Roman Empire completely collapsed and the Western Church , the religious center of Western Europe , came into conflict with the Eastern Church in Constantinople . Unlike before, the political burden on the Germanic kings that they had to recognize the Roman emperor's leadership if they accepted Catholicism disappeared, and instead, they became the protectors of Catholicism and had the justification to stand on equal footing with the emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, relying on the authority of the Roman Pope. It was possible to obtain. At the same time, it was possible to gain support from Western European Romans who believed in Catholicism.
Thanks to this political background, in 496, Clovis I of the Frank Kingdom was converted to Catholic Catholics . When the East Roman Empire, which has grown in the West for the revival of the forces, has attacked and weakened the Arispa Kingdom, the remaining Germanic kingdoms are converting to the Catholics one by one and converting them to the Romans to maintain the power.
In 487, the kingdom of Lugi was destroyed by the kingdom of Heruli, the Heruli kingdom was destroyed by the East Gotcar Kingdom in 493, and the Emperor East Roman Empire Eulstinia was destroyed in 534 and destroyed the East Got kingdom in 554 , and in 567 the Kingdom of Gefid was destroyed by the kingdom of Langgobard . In 517, the king of the king of the Burgundy Kingdom , between 561 and 570, was converted to Catholic , King Ariamir or Theodemir of the Suebi Kingdom in 561 and 570, and in 589, the King of the Kingdom of the Kingdom was converted to the Catholic , and the 6th -century Crimeans were baptized in the Eastern Church , the current Eastern Church .
In 616 , King Adalalt of the Kingdom of Langobard ascended the throne as the first Catholic king of the Kingdom of Langobard, and after the reign of Garibalt, the last Arian king, Pertarit made Catholicism the state religion in 671 , and in the 8th century Following Kuningfert , as Catholicism became completely under Liuprand, Arianism lost all ground and disappeared.
In North Africa, where Aris's teaching was strong, Islam quickly converted to Islam.[19] It disappeared.
4. descendants
There is no direct relationship, but it is seen separately between Jesus and God. Similar to Islam 's claim. Islam, as well as Muhammad , is a human being, but the Aris of the Aris is a suburban believer who has a much lower than God but has a much higher divine attribute than humans . During the Reformation , Michael Serbetus, Protestant Sukinusism, Protestant Sokinus, and Witnesses , Jehovah 's Witnesses , Christian Sisters, and Bi -sin Pentecostal Church have a semi -triumphant theory similar to Aris.
Some people claim that the Witnesses of the Lord, the Half of the Lord , claim that Arius is considered a pioneer of Charles Taz Russell, who started the Witnesses of Jehovah. In fact, the Witnesses of Jehovah, unlike Arius, claim that Abel , who was killed by Cain , is the first witness of Jehovah.
Arius viewed the Father and the Son as similar essences, that is, although Jesus is God, he is an inferior God, and Jehovah's Witnesses, with their pure monotheism (monarchal theism), treat Jesus as the chief creature and Archangel Michael as a single creature.[20]
The Trinity doctrine of Jehovah's Witnesses is rather close to Unitarianism . Nevertheless, they have a common root of denial of the Trinity. Of course, modern anti-Trinitarianism and Arianism after the Reformation have similarities only in Christological theology and are not directly related.
Some people claim that the Witnesses of the Lord, the Half of the Lord , claim that Arius is considered a pioneer of Charles Taz Russell, who started the Witnesses of Jehovah. In fact, the Witnesses of Jehovah, unlike Arius, claim that Abel , who was killed by Cain , is the first witness of Jehovah.
Arius viewed the Father and the Son as similar essences, that is, although Jesus is God, he is an inferior God, and Jehovah's Witnesses, with their pure monotheism (monarchal theism), treat Jesus as the chief creature and Archangel Michael as a single creature.[20]
The Trinity doctrine of Jehovah's Witnesses is rather close to Unitarianism . Nevertheless, they have a common root of denial of the Trinity. Of course, modern anti-Trinitarianism and Arianism after the Reformation have similarities only in Christological theology and are not directly related.
5. etc
- As an anti- Trinitarian denomination , it is unclear whether or not they used icons .[21] current italy Except for a few ruins remaining in Ravenna , there are almost no relics left by the Arianists, and those that were later renovated by the Catholics . However, considering that the Gothic manuscript Bible (Codex Argenteus) written by Bulpila does not use illustrations of icons, but only depicts pillar decorations and monograms with modified names of the authors of the Four Gospels, it is likely that icons and icons were used less than the Catholic and Orthodox churches . It is possible to guess that it is.
6. media
As it is an early Christian faction against Atani Siuspa, it is relatively well -known and strictly known as a pseudo religion or pagan , and it is not treated as a pseudo -religion . As an orthodox doctrine, he became the mainstream of Christianity and almost occupied all Europe and the West from the Roman Empire, and became a material that was well adopted whether Bisa, who had fallen into a power game with the universal church , stimulated the interests of later creators. It seems that the concise and reasonable doctrine fits the taste of modern people.
- In Total War: Attila, it appears as the state religion of the Ostrogoths, Vandals, and Alans. Also, as evidenced by the historical evidence, they account for a small proportion in Greek Christianity and Latin Christianity, which are the state religions of Eastern and Western Rome, respectively. It is evaluated as practical because it provides income bonuses and additional food from farming and pastoral buildings in monastery buildings.
- In the alternative history Roman Defense, the protagonist, who had no knowledge toward religion, led the educational project of Germania , and thus recovered the tax so that he tried to mission beyond the Elbe River. But the protagonist learned from scholars of Alexandria that they were heresy , and urgently called their heads of Domitinus. Fortunately, Domitinus investigated Marius as a silver person[22] He said he would absolutely follow his instructions, and he didn't seem to be a big problem because the claim did not come in in the Roman church, but he was rebelled by the Pope Inno Chensio I, who had been sedimented to Marius, who allowed Arius in the late civil war , and the butterfly effect of his father -in -law . Of course, the Inno Chensio I accepted Alarik and died[23] After Marius rescued Steelico, he took control of Rome and immediately had a chance to grow again in a sharp drop in Catholics .
- Blue Archive is the motif of Arius branches against Trinity General Academy . Originally, the Trinity General Academy was divided into dozens of different sectors with different beliefs about holy beings , but it would be a representative of the three largest sectors in the first parliamentary , the largest Pather, Philius (saint), and the Futus (Holy Spirit) . Consensus. Only Arius secta is persecuted and deported forever against this trinity system. At the time of the game, the Arius branch is completely collapsed and is in underground life , and Trinity's leadership is intensifying invisible divisions that have accumulated for many years.
7. look around
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[1] This directly contradicts the statement made by Irenaeus while pointing out Gnosticism, that the only beings referred to as sons are the father, the son, and the “adopted one . ”[2] Constantine seems to have focused on believing in the saint of God and human beings in a large frame. https://www.fourthcentury.com/urkunde-17/[3] The exact timing is unknown. It varies from 495 AD to 509 AD.[4] Carolus' pro -Catholic policy has been killed even by the Saxony who maintained the German faith , and the German region has been rapidly Christianized. Of course, the German faith continued to maintain its influence as a religion because the Vikings of the Nordic continued to believe.[5] He was a disciple of the martyr Saint Lucian of Antioch .[6] Arius' argument is particularly conscious of gnosticism, and takes a strong anti-gnostic stance. So, while Gnosticism explains that the creation of heaven and earth itself was a mistake due to deviant creator gods and that Jesus has true deity, Arius is on the contrary and says that although Jesus is more special than other creatures, in the end, he is just a creature subordinate to Yahweh, the Father.[7] If this is the case, we have no choice but to bear the criticism of idolatry .[8] The Athanasians criticized the Arians, saying, "You call Jesus a created being, yet you continue to worship him? You are complete polytheists." The Arians criticized the Anastasians, saying, "You worship Jesus as God in addition to God? You are complete polytheists."[9] Here, for those who say, “Then Christianity is wrong,” we must not forget that Christ is true God, but at the same time, true human beings. From a theological standpoint, humans must obey God. And this became the direct origin of monotheism, which led to another fierce theological debate in the 7th century .[10] And since Saint Athanasius is placed on this axis, they are called "Athanasians".[11] Source <Byzantine Chronicles>[12] However, this phrase does not mean that modern Catholics see Arius as the theologians theologically respected, or now to come and recognize his arguments. It just means recognizing his church musical achievements.[13] At this time Constantine was at odds with his rival Licinius . It was not until one year later, in 324, that Constantine became the undisputed ruler of the entire empire.[14] It was a widely accepted view even before Arius that Jesus was a divine being, and Arius also saw Jesus as a god. Although he did not see himself as being equal to the Father or as a perfect being.[15] Even decades after the conclusion of the Council of Nicaea, there were some bishops who did not know that such a thing had ever happened . Representative people were the people of the Persian Church who had been persecuted by the kings of the Sasanian dynasty , and it was 85 years after the council was held in 410 that they accepted the decisions of the Council of Nicea and the Nicene Creed.[16] Ulfilas means little wolf in Latin .[17] Of course, theological controversies continued to rage afterward. See Canon , Monophysitism , Nicene Creed of Constantinople , and Filioque Problem .[18] Major Germanic leaders of the late ancient and early Middle Ages were Arians, such as Alaric , king of the Visigoths , Gaiseric, king of the Vandals , Odoacer , king of the Heruli , Theodoric the Great of the Ostrogoths, and Aspar , the ruler of Eastern Rome.[19] Or other converts to Chalcedonian Christianity. In fact, many Christians lived in North Africa until the Muravid and Muwahid dynasties .[20] However, Arianism is also monotheistic and considers Jesus to be God's first and best creation. An intermediate being between the Creator and creation, true God and humans.[21] Except for Unitarians, who tend to be religious pluralistic, modern anti-trinitarian denominations also take a negative stance on iconography and iconography.[22] After the interview, when a believer asked, "Why are you clinging to Marius so much?", he immediately scolded him and said, "Atone for your sins in the penance building."[23] What is more ironic is that Alaric, accepted by Innocent I, was also a Goth who believed in Arianism.
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