Hans-Frederick Brown

A system, method, and electronic device for providing concomitant augmentation via learning interstitials for publications includes activating a scan mode, where the scan mode causes a camera to capture image data; determining the presence of a publication captured in the image data; and analyzing the image data to determine the presence of an augmented reality (AR) identifier. In response to identifying the presence of the AR identifier within the publication captured in the image data, the… Show more

A system, method, and electronic device for providing concomitant augmentation via learning interstitials for publications includes activating a scan mode, where the scan mode causes a camera to capture image data; determining the presence of a publication captured in the image data; and analyzing the image data to determine the presence of an augmented reality (AR) identifier. In response to identifying the presence of the AR identifier within the publication captured in the image data, the image data and an AR link that corresponds to the AR identifier is displayed as an AR overlay to the image data of the publication. In response to failing to identify the AR identifier within the publication, a user is prompted to input a page number of the publication; and the AR link that corresponds to the page number of the publication input by the user is displayed in a list view. Show less

Existing document annotation programs are generally employed after the final content and documents are produced and out of an original author’s hands. However, such post-production annotations are inefficient and prone to error at least since the original author, who is most knowledgeable about the created content, is not being utilized. This may lead to content being annotated and/or supplemented in ways contrary to the intent of the original author. Further, at least since the original… Show more

Existing document annotation programs are generally employed after the final content and documents are produced and out of an original author’s hands. However, such post-production annotations are inefficient and prone to error at least since the original author, who is most knowledgeable about the created content, is not being utilized. This may lead to content being annotated and/or supplemented in ways contrary to the intent of the original author. Further, at least since the original author is not involved in such post-production annotations, existing document annotations programs generally do not encourage an author, during content creation, to provide context-relevant annotations.

Accordingly, there exists a continuing need for a system, a platform, and/or method where original authors are engaged directly with annotation services and motivated in supplying such annotations at the time of content creation.
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Systems and methods for interest-driven business intelligence systems including geo-spatial data in accordance with embodiments of the invention are illustrated. An interest-driven business intelligence system including raw data storage and perform extract, transform, and load processes, a data mart, and an intermediate processing layer, wherein the intermediate processing layer is configured to automatically generate metadata describing the raw data, derive reporting data requirements, and… Show more

Systems and methods for interest-driven business intelligence systems including geo-spatial data in accordance with embodiments of the invention are illustrated. An interest-driven business intelligence system including raw data storage and perform extract, transform, and load processes, a data mart, and an intermediate processing layer, wherein the intermediate processing layer is configured to automatically generate metadata describing the raw data, derive reporting data requirements, and compile an interest-driven data pipeline based upon the reporting data requirements, where compiling the interest-driven data pipeline includes generating ETL processing jobs to generate geo-spatial data from the raw data, determining bounding data, bounding the filtered raw data based on the bounding data, generating geo-spatial data, and storing the geo-spatial data, generating reporting data including data satisfying the reporting data requirements based on the geo-spatial data, and storing the reporting data in the data mart for exploration by an interest-driven data visualization system Show less

Systems and methods for interest-driven data visualization systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention are illustrated. In one embodiment, an interest-driven data visualization system includes a processor and a memory configured to store an interest-driven data visualization application, wherein the interest-driven data visualization application configures the processor to define reporting data requirements, generate data retrieval job data based on the at least one piece of… Show more

Systems and methods for interest-driven data visualization systems in accordance with embodiments of the invention are illustrated. In one embodiment, an interest-driven data visualization system includes a processor and a memory configured to store an interest-driven data visualization application, wherein the interest-driven data visualization application configures the processor to define reporting data requirements, generate data retrieval job data based on the at least one piece of reporting data metadata and the data description metadata, transmit the data retrieval job data to an interest-driven business intelligence server system, receive aggregate data from the interest-driven business intelligence server system, create at least one piece of reporting data using the received aggregate data, the data description metadata, and the reporting data metadata, generate a report using the at least one piece of reporting data, the reporting data requirements, and the visualization metadata, and generate visualization image data based on the generated report. Show less

In an embodiment, a digital data specification of a compound advertisement comprising a plurality of ad units is received at an advertisement delivery server computer, where the digital data specification of the compound advertisement specifies one or more sequential dependencies between one or more ad units of the plurality of ad units and a bid value for each ad unit of the plurality of ad units. Based at least in part on a particular sequential dependency of the first ad unit upon a second… Show more

In an embodiment, a digital data specification of a compound advertisement comprising a plurality of ad units is received at an advertisement delivery server computer, where the digital data specification of the compound advertisement specifies one or more sequential dependencies between one or more ad units of the plurality of ad units and a bid value for each ad unit of the plurality of ad units. Based at least in part on a particular sequential dependency of the first ad unit upon a second ad unit of the same compound advertisement and a bid value associated with the first ad unit, a first ad unit of the compound advertisement is selected for display at a separate user computing device using the advertisement delivery server computer. The first ad unit is caused to display at the particular user computing device. Show less

Systems and methods for interest-driven business intelligence systems including event-oriented data in accordance with embodiments of the invention are illustrated. In one embodiment, an interest-driven business intelligence system includes raw data storage configured to contain raw data and perform ETL processes, a data mart configured to contain metadata that describes the raw data, and an intermediate processing layer, wherein the intermediate processing layer is configured to compile an… Show more

Systems and methods for interest-driven business intelligence systems including event-oriented data in accordance with embodiments of the invention are illustrated. In one embodiment, an interest-driven business intelligence system includes raw data storage configured to contain raw data and perform ETL processes, a data mart configured to contain metadata that describes the raw data, and an intermediate processing layer, wherein the intermediate processing layer is configured to compile an interest-driven data pipeline configured to generate ETL processing jobs to generate event-oriented data from the raw data by filtering the raw data based on the metadata describing the raw data, determining ordering data based on the metadata describing the raw data, aligning the filtered raw data based on the ordering data, and generating event-oriented data based on the aligned filtered raw data, and storing the event-oriented data in the data mart. Show less

In an embodiment, a data processing method comprises receiving, by a mobile app, incentive data comprising one or more app event types, wherein each app event type is associated with an incentive frequency value and a reward type; detecting an occurrence of an app event of the mobile app, wherein the app event is associated with a particular app event type of the one or more app event types; determining, based on the incentive frequency value for the particular app event type, whether to… Show more

In an embodiment, a data processing method comprises receiving, by a mobile app, incentive data comprising one or more app event types, wherein each app event type is associated with an incentive frequency value and a reward type; detecting an occurrence of an app event of the mobile app, wherein the app event is associated with a particular app event type of the one or more app event types; determining, based on the incentive frequency value for the particular app event type, whether to generate a scaffolding event comprising displaying an advertisement and providing a reward of the reward type associated with the particular app event type; displaying the advertisement and providing the reward; wherein the method is performed by one or more computing devices. Show less

A method, apparatus, article of manufacture, and computer readable storage medium provides the ability to perform a three-dimensional (3D) modeling operation. A modeling tool is activated in a 3D modeling application. A visual representation (having three separate regions) of a grid system tool is displayed on a digital modeling canvas of the 3D modeling application. The grid system controls whether a gesture is captured as a modeling operation or a navigation operation. A starting touch event… Show more

A method, apparatus, article of manufacture, and computer readable storage medium provides the ability to perform a three-dimensional (3D) modeling operation. A modeling tool is activated in a 3D modeling application. A visual representation (having three separate regions) of a grid system tool is displayed on a digital modeling canvas of the 3D modeling application. The grid system controls whether a gesture is captured as a modeling operation or a navigation operation. A starting touch event (of the gesture) is received in/on one of the three separate regions. The region where the starting touch event is received determines the operation that is to be performed/selected. The operation may be a 3D geometry creation operation, a restroking operation, or a navigation operation. Show less

A method, apparatus, system, and computer-readable storage device is configured to perform three-dimensional (3D) modeling. A modeling tool is activated in a 3D modeling application executing on a multi-touch device. An input touch event and input gesture for creating a new 3D geometric form is received. Dynamically, in real-time as the input gesture is received, the new 3D geometric form is created and displayed. The shape of the new 3D geometric form corresponds to the input gesture.

A modeling tool is activated in a 3D modeling application executing on a multi-touch device. A visual representation of a grid system tool is displayed in an active modeling plane and has three separate regions that determine the type of operation to be performed. An existing 3D form is displayed on the tool. A starting touch event of a gesture is received over the existing 3D form within one of the regions. As the gesture is received in the computer, the 3D form may be dynamically extended by… Show more

A modeling tool is activated in a 3D modeling application executing on a multi-touch device. A visual representation of a grid system tool is displayed in an active modeling plane and has three separate regions that determine the type of operation to be performed. An existing 3D form is displayed on the tool. A starting touch event of a gesture is received over the existing 3D form within one of the regions. As the gesture is received in the computer, the 3D form may be dynamically extended by adding 3D geometry to the 3D form (thereby adding faces to the 3D form). Alternatively, the 3D form may be scaled (i.e., if the starting touch event occurs over a visual scale grip. Alternatively, if the gesture consists of two taps, a bridge may be created joining the two tapped locations.
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Embodiments of the invention overcome the problems of the prior art by enabling a passive associativity state. In this regard, the state of individual surface objects may be “associative”, “non-associative” or “passively associative”. The “passively associative” state is the innovation not present in other modeling systems.

If the state of the surface is associative, it may depend on other objects. When the other objects change, the associative surface automatically updates to maintain… Show more

Embodiments of the invention overcome the problems of the prior art by enabling a passive associativity state. In this regard, the state of individual surface objects may be “associative”, “non-associative” or “passively associative”. The “passively associative” state is the innovation not present in other modeling systems.

If the state of the surface is associative, it may depend on other objects. When the other objects change, the associative surface automatically updates to maintain its relation with the objects it depends on.

If the state of the surface is non-associative, the surface does not keep any dependencies on other objects. A non-associative surface does not automatically update when the other objects change.

If the state of the surface is “passively associative”, the surface behaves as a non-associative surface, i.e. it does not automatically update if the objects it depends on change. However, the surface does keep dependencies on other objects and uses this information to expose additional properties of the surface.

For example, if a blend surface is “passively associative”, it exposes its continuity properties (G0, G1, G2) with the surfaces it was created from. It is possible to edit these continuity properties of the blend surface and the blend surface properly updates, honoring the continuity. The “passively associative” offset surface exposes its offset distance property. It is possible to edit this offset distance property and the offset surface properly updates
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Embodiments of the invention introduce an expendable graphic for a friction-less surface modeling paradigm. The user is presented with visuals cues at creation time and in a second step, the system may display an expandable representation of the initial visual cue that can be triggered by the user to access the object property established at creation time.

Embodiments of the invention help reduce the current multiplication of visual affordance when object, feature or sub components are… Show more

Embodiments of the invention introduce an expendable graphic for a friction-less surface modeling paradigm. The user is presented with visuals cues at creation time and in a second step, the system may display an expandable representation of the initial visual cue that can be triggered by the user to access the object property established at creation time.

Embodiments of the invention help reduce the current multiplication of visual affordance when object, feature or sub components are selected while providing a strategy for the positioning of such graphic affordances.

Further, the visual affordance may also be rationalized to a limited set of cues and thereby reduces the user cognitive load while learning the system. Such a system may provide fluid interaction and previewing where adjustment can be done directly on screen or via precise numerical values
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Embodiments of the invention introduce new multi-touch gestures and transient graphic helpers that mimic how real-life rules, compass, protractor, and other drawing tools behave and how these tools are used without disrupting the sketching activities.

Furthermore, embodiments of the invention introduce a "soft" tool activation/deactivation method that also mimics where/how these real life tools are usually organized and placed around the physical canvas. This new tool activation method,… Show more

Embodiments of the invention introduce new multi-touch gestures and transient graphic helpers that mimic how real-life rules, compass, protractor, and other drawing tools behave and how these tools are used without disrupting the sketching activities.

Furthermore, embodiments of the invention introduce a "soft" tool activation/deactivation method that also mimics where/how these real life tools are usually organized and placed around the physical canvas. This new tool activation method, which consists of tracking multi-touch inputs traversing from the borders of the digital canvas, provides a drawing environment that flows naturally without enforcing rigid/precise versus free drawing/sketching modes.

By taking advantage of multi-touch, transient graphical affordances and digital paper concepts, these new drawing aid tools can furthermore be utilized with a greater freedom by dissociating the drawing aid tools position on the digital canvas and the pencil/brush activities on the digital canvas itself. In other words the digital drawing aids' direction/angle can be enforced anywhere on the digital canvas and the artist does not need to always position the drawing aid precisely where he wants that direction/angle to be applied to his next brush/pencil stroke.
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Embodiments of the invention provide a 2D graphic that is used as a transform manipulator. However, rather than utilizing a restrictive manipulator that is clustered around a single object pivot point, embodiments of the invention provide a manipulator that is spread out around an object on a plane that is automatically selected based on the user's dominant view direction. Further, a single gizmo/transform manipulator is used to present most interactions that would be expected from a… Show more

Embodiments of the invention provide a 2D graphic that is used as a transform manipulator. However, rather than utilizing a restrictive manipulator that is clustered around a single object pivot point, embodiments of the invention provide a manipulator that is spread out around an object on a plane that is automatically selected based on the user's dominant view direction. Further, a single gizmo/transform manipulator is used to present most interactions that would be expected from a pivot-based triad object manipulator of the prior art but additionally supports object based transforms, implicit axial inferencing, and object matting functionality for easy position of objects with respect to each other.

Thus, embodiments of the invention provide a unique in-canvas manipulator that is closely linked to the concept of a control plane that is automatically driven by the view direction
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A computer implemented method, apparatus, and computer readable storage medium provide the ability to perform a series of steps in a graphics drawing application. A drawing is opened and a series of two or more drawing operations is performed. Subsequent to the performing, the series of the two or more drawing operations is displayed in a history list of drawing operations. An arbitrary subset of the two or more drawing operations is selected from anywhere in the history list. The selecting… Show more

A computer implemented method, apparatus, and computer readable storage medium provide the ability to perform a series of steps in a graphics drawing application. A drawing is opened and a series of two or more drawing operations is performed. Subsequent to the performing, the series of the two or more drawing operations is displayed in a history list of drawing operations. An arbitrary subset of the two or more drawing operations is selected from anywhere in the history list. The selecting provides for the recording of the arbitrary selected subset. The recorded arbitrary subset of drawing operations is dynamically performed Show less

A method, apparatus, and article of manufacture obtain user input during a playback of a macro. A series of user actions are recorded in the form of a macro. A representation of the user actions is displayed. The representation provides nodes that each represent the user actions. One of the nodes is selected and configured by the user to request additional user input relating to a parameter of the selected node during playback of the macro. The macro is played back and automatically pauses at… Show more

A method, apparatus, and article of manufacture obtain user input during a playback of a macro. A series of user actions are recorded in the form of a macro. A representation of the user actions is displayed. The representation provides nodes that each represent the user actions. One of the nodes is selected and configured by the user to request additional user input relating to a parameter of the selected node during playback of the macro. The macro is played back and automatically pauses at the selected node. User input is obtained and the macro automatically continues execution utilizing the user input for the parameter of the selected node. Additionally, one or the user actions includes a selection of objects. As part of the recorded macro, references to the selected objects are stored in a non-graphical manner. During playback, objects are selected based on the stored references. Show less

A system for executing, measuring, and optimizing cross-publisher advertising campaigns within a secure, multi-party cleanroom environment. It addresses the fragmentation and limitations of existing solutions by providing a unified platform for audience management, dynamic identifier resolution, granular data activation permissions, and cross-publisher performance measurement. Key technical innovations include a centralized Data Delivery Group (DDG) architecture for intelligent identifier… Show more

A system for executing, measuring, and optimizing cross-publisher advertising campaigns within a secure, multi-party cleanroom environment. It addresses the fragmentation and limitations of existing solutions by providing a unified platform for audience management, dynamic identifier resolution, granular data activation permissions, and cross-publisher performance measurement. Key technical innovations include a centralized Data Delivery Group (DDG) architecture for intelligent identifier mapping (MAIDs, Cookies, RampIDs, hashed PII), a multi-layered status tracking system for granular visibility, and an iterative optimization loop driven by AI/ML algorithms and collaborative LLMs/RAG, ensuring efficient and compliant campaign execution across diverse publisher ecosystems Show less

The invention is directed to a system and method that allows multiple organizations to collaborate on
data analysis, data activation, and AI model development within a secure data cleanroom environment.
It employs a polymorphic data identity management framework to encode each party's data with a
unique identifier. This encoding prevents direct access by humans, AI agents, or linkage of personally
identifiable information (PII) or confidential business data, even within the… Show more

The invention is directed to a system and method that allows multiple organizations to collaborate on
data analysis, data activation, and AI model development within a secure data cleanroom environment.
It employs a polymorphic data identity management framework to encode each party's data with a
unique identifier. This encoding prevents direct access by humans, AI agents, or linkage of personally
identifiable information (PII) or confidential business data, even within the cleanroom. On top of this, an
AI-driven governance engine enforces fine-grained access control policies for AI agents, ensuring that
they can only access data in ways specifically permitted.

The invention allows parties to share data and work together on AI projects without compromising data
privacy or security. This is particularly valuable for industries dealing with sensitive information, such as
advertising, healthcare or finance, where collaboration can lead to significant advancements but carries
inherent risks. The invention aims to balance the desire for data-driven insights, data activation &
advanced AI activities—such as retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and large language model (LLM)
creation—with the need for strict data protection. The invention is directed to a system and method to
secure agentic data collaboration, particularly within data cleanroom environments. It addresses the
critical need for granular control over AI agent access to sensitive data while enabling organizations to
leverage the power of AI for collaborative insights, activation, RAG, and LLM training. Show less

In accordance with disclosed embodiments of the invention, a business intelligence server system receives telemetry data from an interest-driven business intelligence visualization system. The telemetry data includes an action for manipulating data. The telemetry data for an action is added to current workflow data. The current workflow data includes a sequential list of actions performed on the data. The current workflow data is compared to stored workflow data. One or more possible subsequent… Show more

In accordance with disclosed embodiments of the invention, a business intelligence server system receives telemetry data from an interest-driven business intelligence visualization system. The telemetry data includes an action for manipulating data. The telemetry data for an action is added to current workflow data. The current workflow data includes a sequential list of actions performed on the data. The current workflow data is compared to stored workflow data. One or more possible subsequent actions to perform on the data are determined based upon the comparison of the current workflow data to stored workflow data that includes workflow data for multiple workflows, and provides the one or more possible subsequent actions to perform on the data to the interest-driven business intelligence visualization system. Show less

In accordance with some embodiments of the invention, an interest-driven business intelligence server system performs in the following manner to store and provide registered functions represented as data ingest instruction data. The interest-driven business intelligence server system maintains a set of registered data ingest instruction data that includes at least one registered data ingest instruction data. Each of the at least one registered data ingest instruction data includes an identifier… Show more

In accordance with some embodiments of the invention, an interest-driven business intelligence server system performs in the following manner to store and provide registered functions represented as data ingest instruction data. The interest-driven business intelligence server system maintains a set of registered data ingest instruction data that includes at least one registered data ingest instruction data. Each of the at least one registered data ingest instruction data includes an identifier and data ingest instruction data associated with the identifier. The interest-driven business intelligence server system receives a request to generate data using registered data instruction data. The request may include the identifier of the registered data instruction data. Data is generated using the data ingest instruction data associated with the requested identifier and at least one of raw data, source data, and aggregate data, provided for use. Show less

Systems and methods for interest-driven business intelligence systems including segment data in accordance with embodiments of the invention are illustrated. In one embodiment, an interest-driven data visualization system includes a processor and a memory wherein an interest-driven data visualization application configures the processor to define reporting data requirements, including at least one piece of reporting data metadata, generate data retrieval job data, transmit the data retrieval… Show more

Systems and methods for interest-driven business intelligence systems including segment data in accordance with embodiments of the invention are illustrated. In one embodiment, an interest-driven data visualization system includes a processor and a memory wherein an interest-driven data visualization application configures the processor to define reporting data requirements, including at least one piece of reporting data metadata, generate data retrieval job data, transmit the data retrieval job data to an interest-driven business intelligence server system, receive source data from the interest-driven business intelligence server system, create at least one piece of reporting data using the received source data, the data description metadata, and the reporting data metadata, and generate a set of segment data based on the reporting data, where a piece of segment data in the set of segment data includes a subset of the reporting data Show less

Embodiments of the invention provide methods for performing coordinated drawing review of related CAD drawings. In general, a user may select a review drawing to compare with a project drawing. Once selected a CAD application may identify differences between the review and project drawings and provide a display of the review drawing were differences between the two drawings are highlighted to convey at-a-glance what elements in the review drawing have been modified relative to the project… Show more

Embodiments of the invention provide methods for performing coordinated drawing review of related CAD drawings. In general, a user may select a review drawing to compare with a project drawing. Once selected a CAD application may identify differences between the review and project drawings and provide a display of the review drawing were differences between the two drawings are highlighted to convey at-a-glance what elements in the review drawing have been modified relative to the project drawing Show less

The present invention relates to a structure for displaying a plurality of wide-based, stemmed objects comprising at least one platform; at least one peripheral rail connected to the platform; means for connecting the peripheral rail to the platform; and means for supporting the platform, wherein the objects may be suspended by their base on at least the peripheral rail according to a circumferential configuration with respect to the platform, and whereby each suspended one of the plurality is… Show more

The present invention relates to a structure for displaying a plurality of wide-based, stemmed objects comprising at least one platform; at least one peripheral rail connected to the platform; means for connecting the peripheral rail to the platform; and means for supporting the platform, wherein the objects may be suspended by their base on at least the peripheral rail according to a circumferential configuration with respect to the platform, and whereby each suspended one of the plurality is visible Show less

The present invention relates to a method of providing a debugging interface, comprising: executing the program comprising a plurality of program objects; searching the plurality of program objects for at least one criterion of incoherence wherein ones of the plurality of program objects that meet at least one of the at least one criterion are identified as target program objects; searching the plurality of program objects for program objects upon which at least one target program object is… Show more

The present invention relates to a method of providing a debugging interface, comprising: executing the program comprising a plurality of program objects; searching the plurality of program objects for at least one criterion of incoherence wherein ones of the plurality of program objects that meet at least one of the at least one criterion are identified as target program objects; searching the plurality of program objects for program objects upon which at least one target program object is dependent, wherein ones of the plurality of program objects upon which at least one target program object is dependent are identified as suspect program objects; and indicating at least one target program object and at least one suspect program object from the plurality of program objects Show less

The present invention relates to methods of displaying a document in a graphical user interface wherein a redundancy of information comprised within overlapping views of the document is exploited to reduce a number of panes displayed. The present invention also provides a method of displaying a document in a graphical user interface wherein users operating in a view of the document are provided with an automatic generation and positioning of views of the document comprising complementary… Show more

The present invention relates to methods of displaying a document in a graphical user interface wherein a redundancy of information comprised within overlapping views of the document is exploited to reduce a number of panes displayed. The present invention also provides a method of displaying a document in a graphical user interface wherein users operating in a view of the document are provided with an automatic generation and positioning of views of the document comprising complementary information. The present invention also provides a method of generating a representation of at least two parts of a document on a scroll bar whereby a relative positioning of the at least two parts is clearly indicated Show less

The present invention relates to a method of controlling an execution of an object-oriented computer program comprising a plurality of programming objects, comprising: detecting at least one data transmission between two of the plurality of programming objects; identifying at least one of said at least one data transmission as an invalid data transmission; and executing at least two of the plurality of programming objects according to the detecting and the identifying, wherein the invalid data… Show more

The present invention relates to a method of controlling an execution of an object-oriented computer program comprising a plurality of programming objects, comprising: detecting at least one data transmission between two of the plurality of programming objects; identifying at least one of said at least one data transmission as an invalid data transmission; and executing at least two of the plurality of programming objects according to the detecting and the identifying, wherein the invalid data transmission is not performed. The present invention also provides a method of executing an object-oriented computer program from a specified state, comprising: recording a plurality of state parameter values defining a plurality of states of the program at a plurality of intervals while executing the program; reviewing at least one of the plurality of states; identifying one of the plurality of states as a state of interest according to the reviewing; and executing the program from the state of interest according to a corresponding at least one of the state parameter values Show less

The present invention relates to a method of generating a graphical representation of a program on a display device comprising detecting hierarchical rankings of programming objects; displaying nodes representing the programming objects according to a hierarchical structure and the hierarchical rankings; detecting at least one transmission of data between a first and a second of the programming objects; and displaying on the display device a link associated to nodes representing the first and… Show more

The present invention relates to a method of generating a graphical representation of a program on a display device comprising detecting hierarchical rankings of programming objects; displaying nodes representing the programming objects according to a hierarchical structure and the hierarchical rankings; detecting at least one transmission of data between a first and a second of the programming objects; and displaying on the display device a link associated to nodes representing the first and the second programming object, wherein the link represents the at least one transmission of data Show less