Advances in Pharmacology

Available online 15 April 2025
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Advances in Pharmacology

Oxygen-ozone adjunct therapy in aging and senescence-related disorders. State of art

https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apha.2025.03.001Get rights and content

Abstract

Ozone therapy presents as a promising yet controversial approach to anti-aging and health rejuvenation, due to an ongoing and crucially debated need for standardization about protocols, procedures, and dosages. While it offers potential benefits in improving skin health, boosting energy levels, and reducing inflammation, its use must be carefully considered only by specialized, highly trained experts and professionals, due to potential risks related to malpractice and shallow or clumsy fashion trends. The ability of ozone to address senescent mechanisms and aging-related processes makes this adjunct therapy a promising approach for aging-related impairments, such as neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular pathologies.

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Section snippets

Introduction to the concept of aging and senescence

Aging is a multifactorial process that affects biological systems at multiple levels, leading to progressive functional decline and an increased risk of disease. It is no longer viewed as merely the passage of time but rather as a complex interaction of genetic, molecular, and environmental factors that progressively erode physiological resilience. Among the most significant contributions to our understanding of aging are the concepts of inflammaging representing the major hallmarks of aging,

A way to healthy aging. Adaptive chaos by ozone in the elderly

We can evaluate how much complexity is lost during aging, by evaluating fractality. Usually, in healthy and young individuals we should expect a moderate complexity (intermediate Shannon entropy), higher fractal dimension values, reflecting well-organized, structured systems (low damaged tissues and functions), fluctuations in fractality but with an overall stable trend, whereas in aged individuals we should expect higher Shannon entropy (indicating high disorder and chaotic dynamics), lower

Oxidative damage

Aging is accompanied by a progressive loss of physiological function, often exacerbated by oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play a crucial role in aging, leading to cellular damage, impaired tissue regeneration, and the development of age-related diseases. Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, hypertension, and bronchial asthma share oxidative stress as a common underlying mechanism. Medical ozone therapy has been explored as a

Conclusions

Oxygen-ozone therapy has emerged as a promising adjunct treatment for aging-related disorders, addressing key pathological mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired cellular repair. Aging is a complex biological process characterized by a gradual decline in physiological resilience, largely driven by chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and metabolic imbalance. The therapeutic potential of ozone therapy lies in its ability to modulate

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