TEL AVIV — Deadly Israeli airstrikes hit a school turned shelter and other targets in Gaza on Monday, according to rescue workers and witnesses, as a controversial new private aid organization with ties to both the Israeli and U.S. governments said it began distributing food inside the enclave.

Faris Afana, an ambulance driver in Gaza who was at the scene of the strike, said that civil defense crews demolished walls to reach victims trapped under burning debris. He said he counted at least 30 fatalities and that, with many more suffering severe burns, he expected the death toll to rise.