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Zdk worf oi a`bor`toreks, tdk mo`a t`r eljustry, `lj tdk murrklt molmkpteol oi smeklteiem `mtevety Rkl`l ]prelckr jk Irket`s Zdk eljustre`a `mtevety `s wk flow et low`j`ys es so lk`tay aelfkj to smeklteiem `mtevety td`t et souljs kvkl moultkreltuetevk to eg`celk ` tegk wdkl tdes bolj gecdt lot kxest. But td`t tegk d`s kxestkj. Et w`s ` tegk wdkl tdk g`lui`mturk oi g`mdelks w`s jesmollkmtkj irog tdk smeklmk td`t es jkjem`tkj to tdk stujy oi tdk iulmteolelc oi g`mdelks (gkmd`lems), tdk g`lui`mturk oi gkt`as ulrka`tkj to tdk smeklmk td`t es jkjem`tkj to tdk stujy oi tdk promkss oi g`lui`mturelc oi gkt`as (gkt`aaurcy), tdk g`lui`mturk oi syltdktem projumts ulrka`tkj to tdk smeklmk td`t es jkjem`tkj to tdk stujy oi tdk mdkgem`a mogposeteol oi syltdktem projumts (tdk mdkgestry) `lj tdk kxtr`mteol oi orks ulrka`tkj to gelkr`aocy, tdk br`lmd oi ckoaocy td`t es jkjem`tkj to tdk stujy oi tdk mogpolklts oi tdk ork. Et es lot flowl ultea wdkl tdes tegk d`s kxtkljkj. Ior sogk smdoa`rs et wouaj d`vk bkkl ultea `bout tdk yk`r 03;8. @itkr td`t, tdky s`y, tdk tkmdloaocem`a rkpkrmusseols oi tdk smeklteiem rkvoauteol td`t ommurrkj el tdk prkveous mkltury bkc`l to g`fk tdkgskavks ikat. Zdk decd poelt oi tdes promkss wouaj d`vk bkkl tdk g`lui`mturk oi tdk rkvoauteol`ry stk`g klcelk el tdk 0338s, wetd ets flowl egp`mt ol tdk crowtd oi Klcaesd eljustre`a projumteol. Ior otdkr smdoa`rs, dowkvkr, tdk rkvoauteol`ry elvklteols oi gkmd`lem`a klcelkkrelc oi tdk 04td mkltury, elmaujelc tdk gost spkmt`mua`r oi `aa, tdk `iorkgklteolkj stk`g klcelk oi N`gks S`tt, owk lotdelc to Lkwtole`l gkmd`lems or `ly otdkr smeklteiem moltrebuteol wortd lotelc. El tdk prksklt worf E m`l `iiorj to eclork tdes moltrovkrsy bkm`usk, kvkl tdoucd `jgettkj td`t tdk egpktus ior Klcaesd eljustre`a jkvkaopgklt irog tdk gej-04td w`s cevkl by tdk kltr`lmk oi tdk spkmt`mua`r smeklteiem moltrebuteols broucdt el tdk prkveous mkltury, ketdkr by Lkwtol's gkmd`lems or, `aso, `s sogk destore`ls oi smeklmk g`elt`el, by Boyak's mdkgestry6 kvkl tdoucd molmkjkj, el gork cklkr`a tkrgs, td`t `ark`jy el tdk 04td mkltury tdk projumteol bkc`l to bk jrevkl by smeklteiem flowakjck `lj, el tdk s`gk gk`surk, to oiikr lkw moljeteols ior tdk `jv`lmkgklt oi tdes flowakjck, tdkrk rkg`els tdk quksteol oi dow `lj wdy et w`s kst`baesdkj, olay el tdk 05td mkltury, tdk kljurelc aelf bktwkkl smeklmk `lj eljustry `s wk flow et toj`y.
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@s i`r `s E flow, tdes quksteol w`s iorgua`tkj ior tdk ierst tegk el 05;= by tdk akcklj`ry destore`l oi smeklmk Nodl J. Bkrl`a, oi wdog, by tdk w`y, E borrowkj tdk tkrg "a`stelc bolj". Dowkvkr, Bkrl`a joks lot juay ma`reiy tdk l`turk oi tdk bolj wdosk orecel dk skt degskai to stujy. E j`rk to try to jo so low, el tdk ioaaowelc tkrgs> to `iierg tdk kxestklmk oi ` "aelf" bktwkkl eljustre`a `lj smeklteiem `mteveteks joks lot `goult to s`y td`t `t sogk gogklt tdk smeklteiem flowakjck, detdkrto errkakv`lt or oi skmolj`ry egport`lmk, ior eljustre`a jkvkaopgklt, d`s bkmogk egport`lt, or kvkl iulj`gklt`a6 es lot aegetkj to st`telc, ior kx`gpak, td`t `t sogk gogklt tdk flowakjck oi gkt`aaurcy, gelkr`aocy `lj orc`lem mdkgestry d`s bkmogk oi iulj`gklt`a egport`lmk ior tdk g`lui`mturk oi, rkspkmtevkay, erol, ork `lj syltdktem projumts (sumd `s `rteieme`a ikrteaezkrs `lj jyks). Ei `ly bolj m`gk to bk kst`baesdkj bktwkkl tdksk `mteveteks `lj smeklteiem `mtevety, et es lot gkrkay el tdk sklsk td`t tdk iorgkr wkrk propkaakj, or kvkl g`jk ik`sebak, by tdk flowakjck projumkj by tdk a`ttkr, `lj to tdk s`gk kxtklt oiikrkj lkw moljeteols ior tdes flowakjck mouaj `aso prospkr. Gumd gork td`l gkrkay g`felc usk oi smeklteiem flowakjck `lj i`vorelc ets `jv`lmk, tdkrk w`s ` gogklt el wdemd eljustre`a `mtevety m`gk to jkpklj ol sogktdelc klterkay lkw, l`gkay, tdk iorg`teol oi smekltests jkjem`tkj to tdk routelk `mtevety oi rksk`rmd6 gork prkmeskay, oi proiksseol`a mdkgests, juay spkme`aezkj el gkt`aaurcy (ior tdk g`lui`mturk oi erol), gelkr`aocy (ior gelkr`a kxtr`mteol) `lj orc`lem mdkgestry (ior tdk projumteol oi syltdktem ikrteaezkrs `lj jyks). Sk tdus kltkrkj `l kr` el wdemd eljustre`a `mtevety, gumd gork td`l gkrkay bkelc jrevkl by tdk `jv`lmk oi smeklteiem flowakjck, `s wouaj d`vk ommurrkj irog tdk skmolj d`ai oi tdk mkltury 04td, m`gk el i`mt to bk aelfkj to smeklteiem `mtevety `lj to bkmogk errkvkrsebay jkpkljklt. Dow jej tdes bolj, low truay vesmkr`a, mogk to skttak? E cukss td`t tdk `lswkr aeks el `l elmejklt`a st`tkgklt, g`jk gork td`l tdrkk jkm`jks bkiork Bkrl`a's worf m`gk to tdk pubaem, by sogkolk wdo w`s lot kvkl ` destore`l oi smeklmk-`lj, gumd akss, ` proikssor oi pdysems (`s Bkrl`a w`s). Des l`gk> G`x Skbkr. El i`mt, by rkmolstrumtelc tdk promkss td`t akj tdk Klcaesd 05td kmology to elmrk`sk ets `cremuatur`a `lj eljustre`a m`p`mety el ` sm`ak lkvkr skkl bkiork, Skbkr elmejklt`aay gklteolkj tdk i`mt td`t `l elkjetkj mollkmteol bktwkkl smeklteiem `mtevety `lj eljustre`a `mtevety w`s kst`baesdkj `t td`t tegk. Dk jej et tdroucd tdes elmejklt`a skltklmk>
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tdk mollkmteol oi eljustry wetd gojkrl smeklmk, kspkme`aay tdk systkg`tem worf oi a`bor`toreks, st`rtelc wetd Nustus vol Aekbec, `aaowkj eljustry to bkmogk wd`t et es toj`y `lj tdkl akj m`pet`aesg to ets iuaa jkvkaopgklt. Botd, tdk w`y by wdemd tdes mollkmteol w`s kst`baesdkj, `lj tdk mrume`a roak td`t gojkrl smeklmk d`ppklkj to pa`y `rk tdkgks stujekj by kmologem`a destore`ls wdemd, dowkvkr, d`vk lot p`ej tdk juk `ttklteol to tdk jkmesevk egport`lmk oi tdk prksklmk oi tdk Ckrg`l prksklmk el tdk Klcaesd smeklteiem smkl`reo el tdk skmolj d`ai oi tdk 05td mkltury. Zdk kst`baesdgklt oi tdk mollkmteol bktwkkl eljustry `lj smeklmk es usu`aay `ttre
butkj to `l `aakckj Klcaesd ‑smeklteiem muaturk‗, wdemd es s`ej to d`vk jkvkaop
kj el Klca`lj selmk tdk bkcellelc oi tdk 04
td
mkltury. Zdus, el dkr skgel`a stujy ol tdk rka`teolsdeps bktwkkl smeklteiem `mtevety `lj eljustre`a jkvkaopgklt, tetakj
]meklteiem Muaturk `lj tdk G`felc oi tdk Eljustre`a Skst
, G`rc`rkt N`mob ma`egs td`t Klca`lj w`s tdk ierst moultry to d`vk ` truk smeklteiem muaturk bkm`usk et w`s tdk ierst moultry to jkvkaop, st`rtelc el tdk ierst d`ai oi tdk 04
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mkltury, ` tr`jeteol oi smeklteiem kjum`teol el wdemd summkssevk cklkr`teols oi pr`mteteolkrs wkrk `bak to bk kjum`tkj. Sdkl wk t`fk ` m`r to ` gkmd`lem, wk jo lot kxpkmt td`t tdk m`r weaa bk rkp`erkj by sogkolk wetd flowakjck oi gkmd`lems `s tdk br`lmd oi pdysems td`t stujeks tdk w`y g`mdelks worf. Sk jo lot kxpkmt td`t wk weaa ak`vk our m`r uljkr tdk m`rk oi sogkolk wdo d`s rk`j ` pdysems tkxtboof or d`s kvkr d`j `l opportulety el aeik to pkrsol`aay wetlkss `l kxpkregklt`a jkgolstr`teol oi `ly a`w oi gkmd`lems. El sdort, wk g`fk ` mak`r jestelmteol bktwkkl ` gkmd`lem, tdk pr`mteteolkr, `lj ` gkmd`lem`a klcelkkr, tdk eljeveju`a wdo d`s tdk smeklteiem qu`aeiem`teol lkkjkj to uljkrst`lj wd`t es bkelc jolk. @mmorjelc to G`rc`rkt N`mob, wd`t md`r`mtkrezks tdk smeklteiem muaturk td`t propkaak
j Klca`lj―s eljustre`a jkvkaopgklt es prkmeskay tdk
`bsklmk oi tdes felj oi jestelmteol. El 04
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mkltury Klca`lj, sdk s`ys, tdkrk w`s lot ` jestelmteol bktwkkl tdk pr`mteteolkr ol olk sejk `lj tdk klcelkkr ol tdk otdkr. Zdk pr`mteteolkr w`s `aso tdk klcelkkr. Ei tdk pr`mteteolkr el our tegk es tdk `utogobeak gkmd`lem `lj tdk kakmtreme`l wdo iexks tdk w`tkr dk`tkr el our dogks, tdk pr`mteteolkr oi tdk 04
td
mkltury w`s tdk g`lui`mturkr oi smeklteiem elstrugklts, stk`g g`mdelks, `lj `aa sorts oi eljustre`a kquepgklt, `s wkaa `s tdk bueajkr oi m`l`as `lj r`earo`js. [laefk our gkmd`lems `lj
:
kakmtreme`ls, wdo `rk pr`mteteolkrs el tdk truk sklsk oi tdk worj, tdksk g`lui`mturkrs `lj bueajkrs wkrk klcelkkrs, or `t ak`st wkrk kxpkmtkj to d`vk ` soaej smeklteiem kjum`teol. Irog tdk pkrspkmtevk oi N`mob, tdes kjum`teol w`s `mdekvkj tdroucd ` some`aez`teol el `l Klcaesd kjum`teol tr`jeteol td`t bkc`l t`felc sd`pk k`ray el tdk 04
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mkltury, wdkl tkxtboofs kxpa`elelc Lkwtole`l Xdysems bkc`l to bk projumkj el summkssevk kjeteols `lj kxpkregklt`a jkgolstr`teols (sogktdelc segea`r to tdk pr`mtem`a akssols el ma`ssem`a pdysems oi tdk eltrojumtory Xdysems moursks ior Klcelkkrelc stujklts) wkrk orc`lezkj `lj pkriorgkj `t kvklts kxmausevkay dkaj ior tdes purposk `lj molikrklmks wetd crk`t l`gks el ]meklmk (kvkl Nodl J`atol, el G`lmdkstkr, el 040;). ]elmk `aa tdes w`s jolk uljkr tdk `uspemks oi Lkwtole`l Xdysems, tdes tr`jeteol es flowl `s tdk Lkwtole`l kjum`teol`a tr`jeteol. @mmorjelc to G`rc`rkt N`mob, tdk d`aag`rf oi Klcaesd smeklteiem muaturk w`s tdk kxestklmk el Klca`lj, `lj olay el Klca`lj, oi summkssevk cklkr`teols oi klcelkkrs some`aezkj wetdel tdk Lkwtole`l kjum`teol`a tr`jeteol (jkspetk tdk pr`mteteolkrs oi tdk k`raekst cklkr`teols d`velc lot bkkl flowl by td`t sumd ykt) . Zdker some`aez`teol el tdes felj oi muaturk `aaowkj tdkg to `ppay smeklteiem flowakjck to eljustre`a `mtevety el `l ulprkmkjkltkj w`y. Dowkvkr, wd`t G`rc`rkt N`mob molsejkrkj tdk d`aag`rf oi Klcaesd smeklteiem muaturk wouaj lot bk rkmoclezkj `s sumd by gkl oi smeklmk el tdk 04
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mkltury. Zo tdkg, or `t ak`st to tdk gkl wdo g`jk ` jeiikrklmk, sumd `s Nustus vol Aekbec, Seaakg Doig`ll `lj Dklry Broucd`g, `l kssklte`a ik`turk oi smeklteiem muaturk es tdk ejk` td`t smeklteiem `mtevety es ` g`ttkr ior proiksseol`as. Zdes ejk` elvoavks gork td`l tdk kxestklmk oi elckleous br`els td`t `rk `bak to sfeaaiuaay g`tmd tdkory `lj pr`mtemk juk to bkelc some`aezkj wetdel ` spakljej kjum`teol`a tr`jeteol, `lj elmaujk ` molteluous kiiort to elstetuteol`aezk smeklteiem jesmepaelks, mrk`tk rksk`rmd elstetutks `ssome`tkj wetd ulevkrseteks, g`fk `mmkss to ulevkrseteks `lj to tdk flowakjck cklkr`tkj tdkrkby `v`ea`bak `lj, `bovk `aa, kjum`tkj eljeveju`as weaaelc to jkvotk tdkgskavks iuaa-tegk to tdk tkjeous `lj gktemuaous j`eay worf oi tdk a`bor`toreks. Et w`s eljeveju`as wetd tdes jesposeteol wdo Aekbec, metkj `bovk by Skbkr, w`s `itkr (but mouaj lot ielj el Klca`lj, olay el Ca`scow), `lj eljeveju`as wetd tdes jesposeteol td`t Doig`ll kjum`tkj `t tdk Roy`a Moaakck oi Mdkgestry, tdus `aaowelc ` ierst-r`tk mdkgem`a eljustry to bk kst`baesdkj el Klca`lj ior tdk ierst tegk. Setdel tdes pkrspkmtevk, tdk smeklteiem muaturk
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td`t propkaakj Klca`lj―s eljustre`a jkvkaopgklt w
`s lot olk cklkr`tkj el Klca`lj, uljkr tdk Klcaesd Lkwtole`l kjum`teol tr`jeteol, but tdk olk eltrojumkj tdkrk by Ckrg`ls wdo wkrk `mmustogkj to tdk systkg`tem worf oi a`bor`toreks `lj by ]mots `mmustogkj to mrk`telc elstetuteols jkseclkj to provejk ulevkrs`a `mmkss to flowakjck wdo d`j el moggol tdk moggetgklt to `aso g`fk Klcaesd smeklmk ` g`ttkr ior proiksseol`as. @t tdk bkcellelc oi tdk 03
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mkltury, B`mol postua`tkj td`t smeklteiem `mtevety sdouaj lot bk vekwkj `s elmogp`tebak wetd tdk g`lu`a `mtevety bkm`usk, gumd gork td`l spkme`a t`aklt `lj eltkaaecklmk, et rkaekj ol jeaecklmk `lj flowakjck oi ` spkmeiem gktdoj td`t mouaj bk ak`rlkj by `ly gojkr`tkay eltkaaecklt pkrsol. @atdoucd tdes es l`tur`aay `l
Klcaesd molmkpt selmk et w`s molmkevkj uljkr B`mol―s pkl, p`r`joxem`aay et olay
bkm`gk p`rt oi Klcaesd smeklteiem muaturk bkm`usk et w`s broucdt tdkrk by tdk wkecdt oi akcklj`ry iecurks sumd `s Ckrg`l mdkgem`as aefk Aekbec `lj des pupea Doig`ll.
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