10 Advanced Python Concepts You Should Know To Be a Senior Developer

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Dec 11, 2024

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Python is often praised for its simplicity and versatility, but beneath its beginner-friendly surface lies a treasure trove of advanced features and concepts. Mastering these can elevate you to a senior developer level, allowing you to write more efficient, scalable, and maintainable code. Here are ten advanced Python concepts every aspiring senior developer should know:

1. Decorators

Decorators allow you to modify the behavior of functions or methods dynamically. They are widely used for logging, access control, and memoization.

Example:

def logger(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        print(f"Executing {func.__name__}")
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
    return wrapper

@logger
def add(a, b):
    return a + bprint(add(2, 3))

2. Generators and Yield

Generators provide an efficient way to iterate over data without loading it entirely into memory. The yield statement is used to produce values lazily.

Example:

def fibonacci(n):
    a, b = 0, 1
    for _ in range(n):
        yield a
        a, b = b, a + b

for num in fibonacci(10):
    print(num)

3. Metaclasses

Metaclasses are the “classes of classes.” They allow you to control the creation and behavior of classes dynamically.

Example:

class Meta(type):
    def __new__(cls, name, bases, dct):
        if 'run' not in dct:
            raise TypeError("Must define a 'run' method")
        return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, dct)

class Plugin(metaclass=Meta):
    def run(self):
        print("Running plugin")

4. Context Managers and with Statement

Context managers streamline resource management, such as file handling or database connections, ensuring proper cleanup.

Example:

class FileManager:
    def __init__(self, filename, mode):
        self.file = open(filename, mode)

    def __enter__(self):
        return self.file    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        self.file.close()