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Authors:
Paul Jen-kuei Li
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Elizabeth Zeitoun
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(10,967 words)

The present chapter first shows that the Formosan languages do not form a single subgroup. This is followed by an examination of different subgrouping hypotheses that have been proposed about the Formosan languages. At a micro-level, we discuss four subgroups (Tsouic, Atayal-Seediq, Amis-Sakizaya, and Sirayaic), which are controversial either linguistically or politically, and we examine the internal relationships of five Formosan languages that show important linguistic variation (Atayal, Bunun, Rukai, Paiwan, and Puyuma).