Within and Without: Human-Monster Boundary in Attack on Titan

In: Edgelands: A Collection of Monstrous Geographies
Author:
Ya-han Chang
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When it comes to monstrosity and geography, isolated geographical locations usually act as the center of monstrosity. However, in the Japanese manga series Attack on Titan, written and illustrated by manga artist Isayama Hajime, it is humanity that is isolated from the outside world. The serialization of the series began in September 2009 and has been collected into 13 volumes as of April 2014. Attack on Titan is set in a fictional world where human cities are surrounded by three enormous concentric walls. Human beings live within the walls to protect themselves from the Titans, gigantic humanoid creatures that swallow humans for unknown reasons. At the beginning of the story, the outermost wall is destroyed by an outsized Titan. This event leads to the invasion of the Titans and the destruction of human communities, families, and the social system within the walls. The attacks of the Titans reduce the realm of human world. Humans must repeatedly redefine self and otherness to survive with limited resources. The disasters gradually uncover the evil of human beings. The investigations and adventures of the protagonist and his friends reveal that humans can transform themselves into Titans. At the same time, it turns out that the walls protecting humans are actually formed by petrified Titans. I argue that these findings blur the boundary between the human world within and the chaotic world without. The blurred definition of the safe world challenges the concept of self and otherness, normal and aberrant. The geographical uncertainty reflects the obscurity of the line between humanity and monstrosity in the human society, and questions the necessity of this distinction.

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