This transformation may be limited to how one thinks about a specific troubling condition の箇所が分かりづらいです。もう少し推敲して。
別の訳し方はありますか。何種類か、役の代替案を示してください。
「特化する」が一番分かりやすいですね。
和訳して／Box 3.1 THE NAME MIRRORS THE FRAME
The term homosexual originated among nineteenth-century sexologists who sought to make sexual behavior a topic for scientific research; they also spoke of sexual inversion. Both terms seemed clinical to the people they described. Some early activists described
theirs as a homophile movement, favoring that term because it emphasized love rather than sex.
However, a new set of activists emerged in the 1970s, and they favored gay. The gay liberation movement encompassed both males and females, but women complained that their concerns were treated as less important, and demanded equal billing, so it began
common to speak of gay and lesbian issues. Over time, other sexual identities made analogous calls for mention so that the inclusion of bisexuals led to the abbreviation GLB, and adding references to transsexuals (later transgender) produced LGBT. Some expand this to LGBTQ to encompass either queer (suggesting a more radical, edgy orientation) or questioning (for those who are exploring their sexual identities). Others call for adding an / to acknowledge intersex (people with ambiguous reproductive or sexual anatomy).
We tend to take the categories and names that we use to classify people and problems for granted. But all of these terms have histories, sometimes contentious histories in which claimsmakers struggle to get a particular term accepted. In this example, individuals with a variety of identities campaigned to gain recognition as part of a larger gender-nonconforming social movement.
：Source: Wilcox, 2014.
単なる和訳です。和訳しか求めていません。機械的に行ってください。
Box 3.1 THE NAME MIRRORS THE FRAME
The term homosexual originated among nineteenth-century sexologists who sought to make sexual behavior a topic for scientific research; they also spoke of sexual inversion. Both terms seemed clinical to the people they described. Some early activists described
theirs as a homophile movement, favoring that term because it emphasized love rather than sex.
However, a new set of activists emerged in the 1970s, and they favored gay. The gay liberation movement encompassed both males and females, but women complained that their concerns were treated as less important, and demanded equal billing, so it began
common to speak of gay and lesbian issues. Over time, other sexual identities made analogous calls for mention so that the inclusion of bisexuals led to the abbreviation GLB, and adding references to transsexuals (later transgender) produced LGBT. Some expand this to LGBTQ to encompass either queer (suggesting a more radical, edgy orientation) or questioning (for those who are exploring their sexual identities). Others call for adding an / to acknowledge intersex (people with ambiguous reproductive or sexual anatomy).
We tend to take the categories and names that we use to classify people and problems for granted. But all of these terms have histories, sometimes contentious histories in which claimsmakers struggle to get a particular term accepted. In this example, individuals with a variety of identities campaigned to gain recognition as part of a larger gender-nonconforming social movement.
：Source: Wilcox, 2014.
では内容を素人にも分かるように解説してください。
以下の内容も、素人にも分かるように出来る範囲内で解説してください。
Box 3.1 THE NAME MIRRORS THE FRAME
The term homosexual originated among nineteenth-century sexologists who sought to make sexual behavior a topic for scientific research; they also spoke of sexual inversion. Both terms seemed clinical to the people they described. Some early activists described
theirs as a homophile movement, favoring that term because it emphasized love rather than sex.
However, a new set of activists emerged in the 1970s, and they favored gay. The gay liberation movement encompassed both males and females, but women complained that their concerns were treated as less important, and demanded equal billing, so it began
common to speak of gay and lesbian issues. Over time, other sexual identities made analogous calls for mention so that the inclusion of bisexuals led to the abbreviation GLB, and adding references to transsexuals (later transgender) produced LGBT. Some expand this to LGBTQ to encompass either queer (suggesting a more radical, edgy orientation) or questioning (for those who are exploring their sexual identities). Others call for adding an / to acknowledge intersex (people with ambiguous reproductive or sexual anatomy).
We tend to take the categories and names that we use to classify people and problems for granted. But all of these terms have histories, sometimes contentious histories in which claimsmakers struggle to get a particular term accepted. In this example, individuals with a variety of identities campaigned to gain recognition as part of a larger gender-nonconforming social movement.
：Source: Wilcox, 2014.
和訳して／ These four forms of frame alignment pose increasingly difficult challenges to activists. Frame bridging is the most straightforward task: claims are made to prospective recruits who are thought to be ideologically predisposed to being sympathetic to the claims.
Frame amplification depends on emphasizing values and beliefs that the activists already share with the audience for their claims, in order to mobilize them to action; and frame extension requires activists to modify their own frame to make it more attractive to potential recruits. Frame transformation presents the greatest challenge: recruits are asked to abandon their familiar view of the world in favor of the activists' frame.
和訳して／ These four forms of frame alignment pose increasingly difficult challenges to activists. Frame bridging is the most straightforward task: claims are made to prospective recruits who are thought to be ideologically predisposed to being sympathetic to the claims.
和訳して／Frame amplification depends on emphasizing values and beliefs that the activists already share with the audience for their claims, in order to mobilize them to action; and frame extension requires activists to modify their own frame to make it more attractive to potential recruits. Frame transformation presents the greatest challenge: recruits are asked to abandon their familiar view of the world in favor of the activists' frame.
OKです。
和訳して／ Different SMOs within the same social movement may have distinct frames that appeal to different prospective members. Often, for instance, a movement may contain both moderate and radical SMOs, the former advocating limited reforms to the existing social system, while the latter call for more significant changes. Activists from a movement's moderate and radical wings usually frame the troubling condition and its solution differently, and they may clash in frame disputes, disagreements over how to think about the problem (Benford, 1993). In many cases, activists from different camps within the same social movement present their frames to different audiences: as a general rule, moderates seek to appeal to older people in the middle class (who have relatively secure places within the existing social system, and who therefore are likely to resist radical calls for dramatic social change); and radicals are more likely to seek supporters among those who are younger or poorer (who have far less invested in maintaining the status quo, and who therefore should be more open to pursuing fundamental changes).
和訳して／ Successful framing draws on cultural resources; it incorporates familiar values, beliefs, imagery, and other cultural elements that prospective members find persuasive and convincing. Feminists, for instance, invoke familiar notions of fairness and equality, and argue that women have a right to equal treatment. But framing cannot be a one-way process. When activists interact with prospective members, they usually discover that some appeals are more persuasive than others in convincing people to join the movement. After all, prospective social movement members have many messages competing for their attention--television shows, news reports, advertisements, and on and on. Activists cannot simply present a frame and wait for the world to take notice; that would leave too much to chance because it would be too easy for the activists' frame to be overlooked. Rather, activists must seek out potential supporters, try to frame their message in ways that others will find interesting and convincing, and then pay close attention to what does and doesn't work. If activists find that their claims have generated counterclaims, they may need to reframe the issue to take this opposition into account. Similarly, when one version of a frame fails to elicit much response, it will need to be modified until it begins to be effective (see Box 3.2).
修正案／
成功するフレーミングは、文化的な資源を利用します。それは、将来のメンバーが説得力があり、納得できると感じる、よく知られた価値観、信念、イメージ、およびその他の文化的要素を組み込んでいます。例えば、フェミニストは、よく知られた公平性と平等の概念に訴え（概念を引き合いに出し）、女性は平等な扱いを受ける権利があると主張します。しかし、フレーミングは一方通行のプロセスではあり得ません。活動家が将来のメンバーと交流するとき、彼らは通常、人々を運動に参加させるために、いくつかのアピールが他のアピールよりも説得力があることを発見します。結局のところ、将来の社会運動のメンバーは、彼らの注意を引くために競合する多くのメッセージ〔源〕、すなわち、テレビ番組、ニュース報道、広告などを持っています。活動家は、単にフレームを提示して世界が注目するのを待っているというわけにはいきません。それはあまりにも成り行き任せであり、活動家のフレームが見過ごされる可能性が高くなります。むしろ、活動家は潜在的な支持者を探し出し、他の人が興味深く納得できると感じる方法でメッセージをフレーミングし、しかる後に、何がうまくいき、何がうまくいかないかに細心の注意を払う必要があります。活動家が自分たちの主張が反論を生み出したことに気づいたら、彼らは、この反対意見を考慮して問題を再フレーミングする必要があるかもしれません。同様に、フレームのあるバージョンがあまり反応を引き出せない場合には、効果的になるまで修正する必要があります（ボックス3.2を参照）。
和訳してください。／This need to devise frames that will attract supporters, counter opposition, and eventually influence social policy can raise issues of integrity for activists (Benford, 1993). Activists at the core of an SMO often have more ideologically coherent frames than many other move
ment supporters have, and they may view frame extension--altering their frame in order to make it more appealing--as a violation of their principles, as "selling out." Frame disputes within a movement often revolve around questions of compromise: should activists present
what they believe to be a more correct, more principled view of the issue even if it risks rejection by many prospective supporters who will find it too difficult to understand, or even unpalatable; or should they frame the issue in weaker but more appealing terms so that prospective members will find it easier to digest? Frames inevitably reflect a combination of how activists view the world, and what they believe will be an effective message.
妥協の疑問→妥協の問題 としてください（今後）
理解して／ Adopting a frame that justifies belief in a cause is not enough to make a claim successful; activists cannot trade on outrage alone. Social movements also need to deal with a variety of mundane problems. Organizing a successful demonstration means picking a good time and place to maximize participation. People who might be willing to participate must be contacted and encouraged to come (demonstrations designed to attract a big crowd might require Internet postings, posters, telephone calling systems, and other ways of getting the word out); it might even be necessary to make arrangements to transport people to the event. Large demonstrations also require a lot of planning: tasks might include training people in dos and don'ts, scheduling speakers and other events, assigning monitors to supervise demonstrators, preparing first-aid stations, and possibly even arranging to post bail for people who get arrested. In addition, press releases need to be issued to inform the
media that the demonstration will be taking place, and it may be a good idea to designate spokespeople to explain the demonstrators' purpose to the reporters covering the event (see Box 3.3).