inertiaは「無気力」と訳して。Segregationは「隔離」と訳して。
「既得権益を持つ人々から来ます。」は「既得権益を持つ人々によってなされる。」の方が良いですね。
以下の和訳をお願いします／
Chapter 2 described position issues—that is, topics that evoke controversy, inciting active disagreements about whether a particular condition should be considered troubling, or what that condition's causes might be, or what should be done to address the condition. In such position issues, claims inspire counterclaims, and countermovements may arise to promote these counterclaims.
具体的な論争型の社会問題を例に挙げながら、さらに議論を深めてみませんか？ お願いします。
和訳してください／
Some sociologists associate the term social movement with liberal or progressive causes and prefer to restrict the term countermovement to more conservative causes. However, it makes better analytic sense to speak of social movements as calling for change, and of
countermovements as resisting change. When abortion was generally illegal, there was a movement of abortion rights advocates, which was opposed by a countermovement that favored restricting abortion. Once abortion became widely legal, however, it became more reasonable to speak of a pro-life movement calling for change, and a pro-choice countermovement trying to defend the existing right to abortion. This example illustrates that countermovements are conservative in the sense that they seek to preserve the status quo; when political liberals support existing social arrangements (such as laws protecting the right to abortions), they may organize countermovements to oppose claimsmaking by political conservatives (such as the pro-life movement).
和訳して／ Because most social movements–and countermovements–promote claims about social problems, and because images of activists tend to come to mind when we think of claimsmakers, this chapter will focus on key aspects of social movements and the
role of activists as claimsmakers. (Chapter 4 will consider other sorts of claimsmakers.) We will begin this chapter's discussion of activist claimsmakers by examining three recent approaches adopted by sociologists to study social movements: framing, resource mobilization, and opportunity structures.
カウンタームーブメント→対抗運動；クレイムズメーカー→クレイム申し立て者；リソース・モビライゼーション→資源動員 にそれぞれ置換してください。
和訳して／FRAMING
Most social movements present claims; they identify a troubling condition and call for social changes to address the problem (Benford & Hunt, 2003). These claims can, of course, be studied in terms of their rhetoric—that is, by using the concepts developed in Chapter 2. Social movement scholars, however, often adopt a slightly different vocabulary: they speak of framing to describe how activists construct their claims.
和訳してください。／ Like the frame around a picture, activists' frames place a social movement within a larger context; frames locate the key issues and set them off so that they are easily understood. Like the wooden frame of a house, activists' frames also provide a structure, a framework around which elaborate claims can be assembled.
「木製の枠組み」とは、家の柱などのことですか？
和訳して／ The same issue might be framed in many different ways. Some frames emphasize morality, appealing to people's sense of right and wrong. Some frames elicit outrage or other powerful emotions that lead people to join and stick with a cause (Gould, 2009; Whittier, 2009). Other frames evoke particular ideologies or political philosophies, such as Marxism or libertarianism. Still other frames emphasize political struggles between groups with competing interests. What may seem to be a single social movement–the civil rights movement, the environmental movement, and so on--can be composed of activists who frame the issue in very different ways.
和訳して
Frames encourage viewing the world from a particular perspective; they give meaning to what might otherwise seem confusing, so that once someone adopts a given frame, everything seems to be clearer, to make sense. For example, the feminist movement calls attention to the various ways in which social arrangements disadvantage women; a feminist frame gives activists a particular vantage point from which they can view women's place in the world (see Box 3.1).