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Black-naped Monarch

Hypothymis azurea

Abstract

Black-naped Monarch Hypothymis azurea has most recently been assessed for The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2024. Hypothymis azurea is listed as Least Concern.


The Red list Assessmenti

Last assessed

12 June 2024

Scope of assessment

Global

Population trend

Decreasing

Number of mature individuals

U

Population in detail

Habitat and ecology

Forest, Wetlands (inland), Artificial/Terrestrial

Habitat and ecology in detail

Geographic range

+−
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  • Extant (resident)

BirdLife International and Handbook of the Birds of the World 2016. Hypothymis azurea. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2024-2
Geographic range in detail

Taxonomy

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Chordata

Class

Aves

Order

Passeriformes

Family

Monarchidae

Genus

Hypothymis

Scientific name

Hypothymis azurea

Authority

(Boddaert, 1783)

Synonyms

Common names

English

Black-naped Monarch

Taxonomic sources

del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Identification Information

Taxonomic notes

Hypothymis azurea and H. puella (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. azurea following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

Assessment Information

Global Assessment

IUCN Red List Category and Criteria - Global Assessment

Least Concern 

ver 3.1

Date assessed

12 June 2024

Year published

2024

Year last seen

Previously published Red List assessments

Regional assessments

    Assessor(s)

    BirdLife International

    Reviewer(s)

    Berryman, A., Martin, R. & Richardson, L.

    Contributor(s)

    Facilitator(s) / Compiler(s)

    Rutherford, C.A.

    Partner(s) / Institution(s)

    BirdLife International

    Authority / Authorities

    IUCN SSC Bird Red List Authority (BirdLife International)

    Justification

    This species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence under 20,000 km² combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation). The population size has not been quantified, but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion (under 10,000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be over 10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). Despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing, the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (over 30% decline over ten years or three generations). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern.

    Geographic Range

    Native

    Extant (breeding)

    Philippines; Singapore

    Extant (resident)

    Bangladesh; Bhutan; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Malaysia; Myanmar; Nepal; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Viet Nam

    Extant & Vagrant

    Pakistan

    Number of locations

    Upper elevation limit

    1,500 metres

    Lower elevation limit

    0 metres

    Upper depth limit

    Lower depth limit

    Estimated area of occupancy (AOO) (km²)

    Continuing decline in area of occupancy (AOO)

    Unknown

    Extreme fluctuations in area of occupancy (AOO)

    No

    Estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) (km²)

    19800000

    Continuing decline in extent of occurrence (EOO)

    Unknown

    Extreme fluctuations in extent of occurrence (EOO)

    No

    Continuing decline in number of locations

    Unknown

    Extreme fluctuations in the number of locations

    No

    Range Description

    The species is resident throughout much of southeast Asia.

    Population

    Current population trend

    Decreasing

    Number of mature individuals

    U

    Population severely fragmented

    No

    Continuing decline of mature individuals

    Unknown

    Extreme fluctuations

    No

    No. of subpopulations

    Continuing decline in subpopulations

    Unknown

    Extreme fluctuations in subpopulations

    No

    All individuals in one subpopulation

    No

    No. of individuals in largest subpopulation

    Description

    The global population size has not been quantified, but the species is described as generally widespread and common throughout its range (del Hoyo et al. 2006), while the population in Taiwan has been estimated at c.10,000-100,000 breeding pairs (Brazil 2009). This species is considered to have a medium dependency on forest habitat, and tree cover is estimated to have declined by 12.2% within its mapped range over the past 10 years (Global Forest Watch 2022, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). Therefore, as a precautionary measure, it is tentatively suspected that this loss of cover may have led to a decline of between 1-19% in the species' population size over the same time frame.

    Trend Justification:   .

    Habitat and Ecology

    System

    Habitat type

    Forest, Wetlands (inland), Artificial/Terrestrial

    Generation length (years)

    2.3 years

    Congregatory

    Movement patterns

    Full Migrant

    Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat

    Unknown

    Habitat and Ecology


    Classification scheme

    HabitatsSeasonSuitabilityMajor importance
    1. Forest1.5. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical DryBreeding SeasonSuitableNo
    1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist LowlandBreeding SeasonSuitableYes
    1.8. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical SwampBreeding SeasonSuitableNo
    5. Wetlands (inland)5.1. Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls)Non-Breeding SeasonSuitableNo
    14. Artificial/Terrestrial14.3. Artificial/Terrestrial - PlantationsBreeding SeasonSuitableNo
    14.6. Artificial/Terrestrial - Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former ForestBreeding SeasonSuitableNo

    Threats

    Threats

    Classification scheme

    ThreatsTimingStressesScopeSeverityInvasive speciesVirus

    Use and Trade

    Pets/display animals, horticulture

    Local: ✔
    National: ✔
    International: ✘

    Use and Trade

    This species has been reported as used in trade at a low prevalence, being found in two of the seven trade datasets evaluated (Donald et al. 2024).

    Conservation Actions

    In-place research and monitoring

    • Action Recovery Plan : No
    • Systematic monitoring scheme : No

    In-place land/water protection

    • Conservation sites identified : Yes, over entire range
    • Occurs in at least one protected area : No
    • Invasive species control or prevention : No

    In-place species management

    • Successfully reintroduced or introduced benignly : No
    • Subject to ex-situ conservation : No

    In-place education

    • Subject to recent education and awareness programmes : No
    • Included in international legislation : No
    • Subject to any international management / trade controls : No

    Conservation Actions

    Conservation actions classification scheme

    Conservation Actions NeededNotes

    Research classification scheme

    Research NeededNotes

    Bibliography

    Bird, J.P., Martin, R., Akçakaya, H.R., Gilroy, J., Burfield, I.J., Garnett, S.G., Symes, A., Taylor, J., ?ekercio?lu, Ç.H. and Butchart, S.H.M. 2020. Generation lengths of the world’s birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology 34: 1252-1261. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13486.

    Brazil, M. 2009. Birds of East Asia: eastern China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, eastern Russia. Christopher Helm, London.

    del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Christie, D. 2006. Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 11: Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.

    Donald, P.F., Fernando, E., Brown, L., Busana, M., Butchart, S.H.M., Chng, S., Colina, A.d.l., Ferreira, J.M., Jain, A., Jones, V.R., Lapido, R., Malsch, K., McDougall, A., Muccio, C., Nguyen, D., Outhwaite, W., Petrovan, S.O., Stafford, C., Sutherland, W.J., Tallowin, O. & Safford, R. 2024 (in press). Assessing the global prevalence of wild birds in trade.

    Global Forest Watch. 2023. Interactive Forest Change Mapping Tool. Available at: http://www.globalforestwatch.org/.

    IUCN. 2024. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2024-2. Available at: www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 28 October 2024).

    External Data

    Images and External Links

    iNaturalist.org observations

    Search sites for species

    GooglePicSearchFishBaseBirdLife InternationalNatureServe Explorer

    CITES Legislation from Species+

    Data Source

    The information below is from the Species+ website.

    Ex situ data from Species360

    Data Source

    The information below is from Species360's Zoological Information Management System (ZIMS)

    Studies and Actions from Conservation Evidence

    Data Source

    The information below is from the Conservation Evidence website.

    Search terms: "Hypothymis azurea", "Monarchidae"

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