Weather Prediction Center

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Short Range Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
241 PM EST Thu Nov 14 2024

Valid 00Z Fri Nov 15 2024 - 00Z Sun Nov 17 2024

...A rapidly developing coastal storm is expected to bring a period of
gusty winds and locally heavy rain to southeast Virginia and eastern North
Carolina tonight through Friday morning...

...Unsettled weather to cross through much of the West with lower
elevation rain and mountain snow going through Friday and Friday night...

...Below normal temperatures are forecast for much of the West, with
generally above normal temperatures from the Plains and Midwest eastward
to the Eastern Seaboard going into the weekend...

A storm system advancing across the central Appalachians, the Mid-Atlantic
states, and portions of the Southeast will bring rain across these areas
through this evening. However, an area of low pressure is forecast to
strengthen near the North Carolina Outer Banks tonight which will help to
bring more concentrated areas of heavier rain across southeast Virginia
and far eastern North Carolina along with gusty winds. This coastal low
will then move offshore and away from the East Coast by late Friday which
will allow for the rains to come to an end. Portions of the Outer Banks
though may see locally a few inches of rain before it tapers off.

High pressure will then envelope much of the Eastern U.S. in the wake of
this system and will remain anchored in place going through the weekend
ahead. Temperatures will be cool across the southern Mid-Atlantic on
Friday with areas of lingering clouds and rain, but a warming trend will
generally be noted across much of the East heading into the weekend with
dry air and temperatures that will trend back above normal. The milder air
will be coming from areas of the Plains and Midwest which will already be
well above normal, and by this weekend, large areas of the Midwest to the
Appalachians and up into the Northeast will see high temperatures well
into the 50s and 60s and locally running 10 to 15 degrees above normal.
Unfortunately the return of dry and warmer air will likely maintain
locally elevated concerns for wildfire activity, and especially areas of
eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey up through all of southern New England.

Meanwhile, a much more unsettled weather pattern will be evolving across
the Western U.S. as a storm system crossing the Pacific Northwest and
Great Basin through tonight moves east into the Rockies on Friday.
Coastal/low elevation rains and higher elevation snow can be expected, and
this will include areas of the Cascades down through the northern and
central Sierra Nevada seeing snowfall accumulations. This snowfall will
overspread areas of the Great Basin and the northern Rockies going through
Friday and Friday night.

A cold front associated with this storm system will sweep through much of
the West and then eject out into the Plains on Saturday as low pressure
that will initially be strengthening over the Intermountain West on Friday
then ejects out across the northern Plains. Below average temperatures
though will be the theme across much of the West and especially over the
Southwest in the wake of this front, and some areas will see high
temperatures as much as 10 to 15 degrees below normal. However, conversely
for areas ahead of this front across the Plains, warm southerly winds will
reinforce widespread above average temperatures that by Sunday should
reach as high as 20 degrees above normal. This will include areas of
central and southern Texas where high temperatures should reach well into
the 80s, with even parts of the Lower Rio Grande Valley potentially
reaching 90 degrees.

Orrison


Graphics available at
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/basicwx/basicwx_ndfd.php

Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
200 PM EST Thu Nov 14 2024

Valid 12Z Sun Nov 17 2024 - 12Z Thu Nov 21 2024

...Heavy Rainfall threat for the Central U.S early next week...

...Tropical Storm Sara to bring uncertain heavy rainfall/runoff
threats from the central Gulf Coast to Florida Tuesday/Wednesday...


...Overview...

Upper troughing over the West by this coming weekend will split
sending northern stream energy through the northern Plains/Upper
Midwest, while a southern stream cutoff low shifts across the Four
Corners region and into the Central U.S. next week. This is now
slated to be ejected by a dynamic upper trough work digging from
the
Northwest Monday to around the south-central U.S. next midweek.
At this surface, this will translate to early week cyclogenesis in
the lee of the Rockies with a deepening storm system tracking from
the southern Plains through the MIdwest Monday- next Thursday.
This pattern would support heavy rainfall potential from the south-
central Plains into the Mississippi Valley by late this weekend
into early next week, with some snow possible on the backside of
the low across the Upper Midwest, but dependent on the quality of
cold air filtering in behind this system. Meanwhile, NHC guidance
shows Tropical Storm Sara emerging out of the Caribbean/Yucatan and
into the east-central Gulf of Mexico next week, with potential but
still uncertain heavy rainfall/runoff threats possible from the
central Gulf Coast to Florida, with lead activity enhanced by deep
moisture feed into an approaching mid-latitude front that may
merge with increasingly extratropical Sara over/off the Southeast.

...Guidance/Predictability Assessment...

The WPC med-range product suite was primarily derived from a
composite blend of reasonably well clustered guidance from the
GFS/ECMWF/UMKET/Canadian, the National Blend of Models and WPC
continuity valid for Sunday/Monday. This solution has good ensemble
support as well. Cycle to cycle guidance continuity is not stellar
for later next week however in a pattern with increasing forecast
spread and uncertainty, lending an ensemble forecast approach.
Opted to lean on ECMWF/Canadian ensembles that are more in line
with latest model trends and latest guidance from the NHC on Sara.

...Weather/Hazards Highlights...

The coverage and intensity of precipitation across portions of the
Four Corner to the Southern/Central Plains/Mid-Mississippi Valley
will increase over the weekend; which will boost the threat for
heavy rain for the south-central Plains/Mid-Mississippi Valley for
the start of the week. Given the degree of spread amongst the
guidance, specifics for amounts, location and degree of impacts
remain very uncertain; however there continues to be a signal
focusing in the vicinity of northern Texas into Oklahoma and back
towards the southern High Plains where a marginal risk is in place
on the Day 4/Sunday Excessive Rainfall Outlook. The heavy rain
threat lifts northeastward on Monday, but with uncertainty on
exactly where the greatest threat lies. For now, the Day 5/Monday
ERO highlights a broad marginal risk spanning across much of the
central Plains into parts of the mid to upper Mississippi Valley.
Depending on cold air filtering in behind the deepening storm
system, some accumulating snow may be possible across the Rockies
into the northern Plains early-mid next week in a pattern with
potential for high winds. Generally wet conditions is expected to
accompany the cold front late period as it pushes to the east-
central states and to the East.

Out West, an atmospheric river is expected to support moderately
heavy
rain and mountain snows across the Pacific Northwest through
Sunday, with modest precipitation extending inland across the West
with system/pattern translation. WPC is maintaining the Marginal
risk for the Day 4 ERO across western Washington and Oregon. This
system also offers an opportunity for more dynamically enhanced
mountain snows over favored terrain near the track over the West.

Deep moisture from newly formed T.S. Sara as it emerges into the
Gulf of Mexico may begin impacting parts of Florida or the Gulf
Coast by early-mid next week, but there is a lot of uncertainty in
exact impacts and amounnts. This system needs to be monitored, but
can still focus a heavy rainfall threat despite not being forecast
to strengthen to hurricane strength.

Above seasonal normal temperatures will spread from the central
U.S. to the East by Sunday into Monday leading to daily maximum
temperatures to climb 10 to 15 degrees warmer in a some locations.
For the western U.S., it will be trending cooler as upper troughing
amplifies over the region. Well below normal temperatures will
provide a cold snap spread to the Central U.S. next week.

Santorelli/Schichtel


Additional 3-7 Day Hazard information can be found on the WPC
medium
range hazards outlook chart at:
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/threats/threats.php

WPC medium range 500mb heights, surface systems, weather grids,
quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF), excessive rainfall
outlook (ERO), winter weather outlook (WWO) probabilities, heat
indices, and Key Messages can be accessed from:

https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst500_wbg.gif
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst_wbg_conus.gif
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/5km_grids/5km_gridsbody.html
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/day4-7.shtml
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/#page=ero
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/wwd/pwpf_d47/pwpf_medr.php?day=4
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/heat_index.shtml
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/#page=ovw

Hawaii Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
218 AM EST Thu Nov 14 2024

Valid 00Z Fri Nov 15 2024 - 00Z Fri Nov 22 2024

Latest model guidance continue to show an upper level ridge and
mean surface high pressure north to northeast of the islands
maintaining brisk to strong easterly trade winds through at least
this weekend. This may lead to high surf and gusty winds with
increasing moisture leading to some heavier showers along eastern
slopes of the southernmost islands later in the week/next weekend.
Trades should weaken by early to mid next week as the upper high
moves away from the region and an amplified trough sends a cold
front into at least the northern islands later next week. Winds
will turn more northerly behind the front with some gusty winds
and rainfall to accompany the frontal passage as well.

Santorelli

Excessive Rainfall Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
743 PM EST Thu Nov 14 2024
Day 1
Valid 01Z Fri Nov 15 2024 - 12Z Fri Nov 15 2024

The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
than 5 percent.

...01Z update...
Similar thinking to the previous outlook applies, where in a
worst-case scenario, localized flash flooding could develop in the
vicinity of the Outer Banks/eastern NC/southeastern VA. There is
good consensus for 3+ inches from the 18Z HREF to fall through 12Z
in/around Cape Hatteras, but potential for high rainfall rates
remains below the FFG thresholds. 18Z HREF does snow high
probabilities (70+ percent) of >1"/hr rainfall rates across the NC
OBX, including Cape Hatteras, between 06-10Z. Probabilities of 2+
in/hr rates peak between 40-50% between 08-10Z, while peak 3hr
probs of 3+ in/hr rates top out between 50-60%. Latest 3 hourly FFG
across the NC OBX is 4+ inches, so again even with the latest
ensemble guidance, it does continue to appear these rainfall rates
will fall short of the latest FFG thresholds. This as the greater
deep-layer instability (MUCAPEs over 500 J/Kg) remains offshore.

Hurley/Otto

...Previous discussion...
Maturing surface cyclone off the VA/NC coast will amplify rainfall
prospects over the VA Tidewater into Eastern NC late this afternoon
and evening with a developing axis of deformation driving elevated
convective concerns in the aforementioned areas. Totals between
1.5-3" are forecast within these zones with some minor flooding
possible over urban zones and the immediate coast, coinciding with
coastal flooding likely occurring. Rainfall rates will fall short
of the necessary criteria to meet FFG exceedance, however a non-
zero threat will exist for flash flood concerns across Northern NC
into Southern and Southeast VA in urban zones that are more prone
to flooding prospects. This is still below the 5% threshold
necessary for flash flooding leading to a continued nil ERO, but
non-zero threat.

Kleebauer


Day 1 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/94epoints.txt

Excessive Rainfall Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
743 PM EST Thu Nov 14 2024
Day 2
Valid 12Z Fri Nov 15 2024 - 12Z Sat Nov 16 2024

The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
than 5 percent.

Pereira


Day 2 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/98epoints.txt

Excessive Rainfall Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
743 PM EST Thu Nov 14 2024
Day 3
Valid 12Z Sat Nov 16 2024 - 12Z Sun Nov 17 2024

The probability of rainfall exceeding flash flood guidance is less
than 5 percent.

Pereira

Day 3 threat area: www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/99epoints.txt

Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
200 PM EST Thu Nov 14 2024


The coverage and intensity of precipitation across portions of the
Four Corner to the Southern/Central Plains/Mid-Mississippi Valley
will increase over the weekend; which will boost the threat for
heavy rain for the south-central Plains/Mid-Mississippi Valley for
the start of the week. Given the degree of spread amongst the
guidance, specifics for amounts, location and degree of impacts
remain very uncertain; however there continues to be a signal
focusing in the vicinity of northern Texas into Oklahoma and back
towards the southern High Plains where a marginal risk is in place
on the Day 4/Sunday Excessive Rainfall Outlook. The heavy rain
threat lifts northeastward on Monday, but with uncertainty on
exactly where the greatest threat lies. For now, the Day 5/Monday
ERO highlights a broad marginal risk spanning across much of the
central Plains into parts of the mid to upper Mississippi Valley.
Depending on cold air filtering in behind the deepening storm
system, some accumulating snow may be possible across the Rockies
into the northern Plains early-mid next week in a pattern with
potential for high winds. Generally wet conditions is expected to
accompany the cold front late period as it pushes to the east-
central states and to the East.

Out West, an atmospheric river is expected to support moderately
heavy
rain and mountain snows across the Pacific Northwest through
Sunday, with modest precipitation extending inland across the West
with system/pattern translation. WPC is maintaining the Marginal
risk for the Day 4 ERO across western Washington and Oregon. This
system also offers an opportunity for more dynamically enhanced
mountain snows over favored terrain near the track over the West.

Deep moisture from newly formed T.S. Sara as it emerges into the
Gulf of Mexico may begin impacting parts of Florida or the Gulf
Coast by early-mid next week, but there is a lot of uncertainty in
exact impacts and amounnts. This system needs to be monitored, but
can still focus a heavy rainfall threat despite not being forecast
to strengthen to hurricane strength.

Above seasonal normal temperatures will spread from the central
U.S. to the East by Sunday into Monday leading to daily maximum
temperatures to climb 10 to 15 degrees warmer in a some locations.
For the western U.S., it will be trending cooler as upper troughing
amplifies over the region. Well below normal temperatures will
provide a cold snap spread to the Central U.S. next week.

Santorelli/Schichtel

Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
200 PM EST Thu Nov 14 2024


The coverage and intensity of precipitation across portions of the
Four Corner to the Southern/Central Plains/Mid-Mississippi Valley
will increase over the weekend; which will boost the threat for
heavy rain for the south-central Plains/Mid-Mississippi Valley for
the start of the week. Given the degree of spread amongst the
guidance, specifics for amounts, location and degree of impacts
remain very uncertain; however there continues to be a signal
focusing in the vicinity of northern Texas into Oklahoma and back
towards the southern High Plains where a marginal risk is in place
on the Day 4/Sunday Excessive Rainfall Outlook. The heavy rain
threat lifts northeastward on Monday, but with uncertainty on
exactly where the greatest threat lies. For now, the Day 5/Monday
ERO highlights a broad marginal risk spanning across much of the
central Plains into parts of the mid to upper Mississippi Valley.
Depending on cold air filtering in behind the deepening storm
system, some accumulating snow may be possible across the Rockies
into the northern Plains early-mid next week in a pattern with
potential for high winds. Generally wet conditions is expected to
accompany the cold front late period as it pushes to the east-
central states and to the East.

Out West, an atmospheric river is expected to support moderately
heavy
rain and mountain snows across the Pacific Northwest through
Sunday, with modest precipitation extending inland across the West
with system/pattern translation. WPC is maintaining the Marginal
risk for the Day 4 ERO across western Washington and Oregon. This
system also offers an opportunity for more dynamically enhanced
mountain snows over favored terrain near the track over the West.

Deep moisture from newly formed T.S. Sara as it emerges into the
Gulf of Mexico may begin impacting parts of Florida or the Gulf
Coast by early-mid next week, but there is a lot of uncertainty in
exact impacts and amounnts. This system needs to be monitored, but
can still focus a heavy rainfall threat despite not being forecast
to strengthen to hurricane strength.

Above seasonal normal temperatures will spread from the central
U.S. to the East by Sunday into Monday leading to daily maximum
temperatures to climb 10 to 15 degrees warmer in a some locations.
For the western U.S., it will be trending cooler as upper troughing
amplifies over the region. Well below normal temperatures will
provide a cold snap spread to the Central U.S. next week.

Santorelli/Schichtel

Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
325 PM EST Thu Nov 14 2024

Valid 00Z Fri Nov 15 2024 - 00Z Mon Nov 18 2024

...Western U.S....
Days 1-3...

A pair of Pacific storm systems will produce heavy mountain snow
from the West Coast to the Northern Rockies over the next few days.
Broad scale upper level ascent out ahead of a longwave trough off
the West Coast will also direct Pacific moisture at the Northwest
and northern California. Periods of snow will occur for many of the
Northwest U.S. mountain ranges which include (but are not limited
to) the Cascades, Siskiyou, northern Sierra Nevada, Blue, Sawtooth,
Bitterroots, Idaho Panhandle, and northern Montana Mountains). As
a potent upper level trough approaches California tonight (500mb
heights below the 2.5 climatological percentile via NAEFS), snow
levels will fall to as low as 4,000ft in the Sierra Nevada and as
low as 6,000ft in the San Gabriel and San Bernadino of southern
California. The heaviest snowfall will be mainly confined to
elevations at/above 6,000ft in the Sierra Nevada. By Friday
morning, the upper level trough will advance through the Great
Basin and into the Rockies by Friday night. Periods of snow will
move through northern Nevada and into the northern Rockies with the
Tetons, Wind River, and Absaroka ranges seeing the heaviest
snowfall Friday evening. Snow will also pick up in intensity along
the Wasatch, Uinta, and Big Horn ranges Friday night and into
Saturday morning. WPC PWPF shows moderate-high chances (50-70%) for
>4" of snowfall along the Sierra Nevada above 6,000ft, the
northern Great Basin above 6,000ft, and the Absaroka, Tetons, and
Wind River ranges above 8,000ft.

Meanwhile, the Pacific Northwest will see periods of light snow
this evening, with a fairly tranquil day weather-wise on tap for
Friday. By Saturday, the next Pacific trough approaches with a
stronger IVT (>500 kg/m/s, or above the 90th climatological
percentile via NAEFS) will direct another plume of Pacific moisture
at the region. Strong synoptic-scale support will also be present
as 200-500mb winds over western Washington top the 90th
climatological percentile. As the warm front arrives Saturday
night, snow levels will rise to as high as 5,500ft, but once the
cold front pushes through on Sunday, snow levels will crash and
result in precipitation changing over to heavy snow Sunday
afternoon in the Olympics and Cascades. Through 12Z Sunday, the
northern Cascades and the Idaho Panhandle above 5,000ft sport high
chances (>70%) for snowfall >6" with a low chance (10-30%) for >12"
in the tallest peaks of the northern Washington Cascades.

...Northern Maine...
Days 1-2...

An inverted trough revolving around the northern flank of a
retrograding storm system in the northwest Atlantic will direct a
stream of low-level moisture back west towards northern New England
late tonight into Friday. The air-mass over northern New England
(particularly Maine) will be sufficiently cold and dry enough for
wet-bulb temperatures within the boundary layer to remain below
freezing for at least a few hours. Strong easterly mid-level flow
with air-mass origins over the Atlantic will lead to warm-air
advection (WAA) that causes a >0C nose between 850-750mb Friday
morning. This setup will result in periods of sleet/freezing rain
over northern Maine and possibly into far northern New Hampshire.
WPC PWPF does depict some spotty areas with low chances (10-30%)
for ice accumulations >0.1" in portions of the North Woods and
Central Highlands of northern Maine. One notable location with
those potential ice accumulations includes Baxter State Park. These
icy conditions could result in Minor Impacts according to the
Probabilistic WSSI with low chances (10-30%) through Friday
afternoon. The primary impacts would be icy roads in some areas
that could lead to slick travel conditions.

Kebede/Mullinax

Extended Forecast Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
200 PM EST Thu Nov 14 2024

Valid 12Z Sun Nov 17 2024 - 12Z Thu Nov 21 2024

...Heavy Rainfall threat for the Central U.S early next week...

...Tropical Storm Sara to bring uncertain heavy rainfall/runoff
threats from the central Gulf Coast to Florida Tuesday/Wednesday...


...Overview...

Upper troughing over the West by this coming weekend will split
sending northern stream energy through the northern Plains/Upper
Midwest, while a southern stream cutoff low shifts across the Four
Corners region and into the Central U.S. next week. This is now
slated to be ejected by a dynamic upper trough work digging from
the
Northwest Monday to around the south-central U.S. next midweek.
At this surface, this will translate to early week cyclogenesis in
the lee of the Rockies with a deepening storm system tracking from
the southern Plains through the MIdwest Monday- next Thursday.
This pattern would support heavy rainfall potential from the south-
central Plains into the Mississippi Valley by late this weekend
into early next week, with some snow possible on the backside of
the low across the Upper Midwest, but dependent on the quality of
cold air filtering in behind this system. Meanwhile, NHC guidance
shows Tropical Storm Sara emerging out of the Caribbean/Yucatan and
into the east-central Gulf of Mexico next week, with potential but
still uncertain heavy rainfall/runoff threats possible from the
central Gulf Coast to Florida, with lead activity enhanced by deep
moisture feed into an approaching mid-latitude front that may
merge with increasingly extratropical Sara over/off the Southeast.

...Guidance/Predictability Assessment...

The WPC med-range product suite was primarily derived from a
composite blend of reasonably well clustered guidance from the
GFS/ECMWF/UMKET/Canadian, the National Blend of Models and WPC
continuity valid for Sunday/Monday. This solution has good ensemble
support as well. Cycle to cycle guidance continuity is not stellar
for later next week however in a pattern with increasing forecast
spread and uncertainty, lending an ensemble forecast approach.
Opted to lean on ECMWF/Canadian ensembles that are more in line
with latest model trends and latest guidance from the NHC on Sara.

...Weather/Hazards Highlights...

The coverage and intensity of precipitation across portions of the
Four Corner to the Southern/Central Plains/Mid-Mississippi Valley
will increase over the weekend; which will boost the threat for
heavy rain for the south-central Plains/Mid-Mississippi Valley for
the start of the week. Given the degree of spread amongst the
guidance, specifics for amounts, location and degree of impacts
remain very uncertain; however there continues to be a signal
focusing in the vicinity of northern Texas into Oklahoma and back
towards the southern High Plains where a marginal risk is in place
on the Day 4/Sunday Excessive Rainfall Outlook. The heavy rain
threat lifts northeastward on Monday, but with uncertainty on
exactly where the greatest threat lies. For now, the Day 5/Monday
ERO highlights a broad marginal risk spanning across much of the
central Plains into parts of the mid to upper Mississippi Valley.
Depending on cold air filtering in behind the deepening storm
system, some accumulating snow may be possible across the Rockies
into the northern Plains early-mid next week in a pattern with
potential for high winds. Generally wet conditions is expected to
accompany the cold front late period as it pushes to the east-
central states and to the East.

Out West, an atmospheric river is expected to support moderately
heavy
rain and mountain snows across the Pacific Northwest through
Sunday, with modest precipitation extending inland across the West
with system/pattern translation. WPC is maintaining the Marginal
risk for the Day 4 ERO across western Washington and Oregon. This
system also offers an opportunity for more dynamically enhanced
mountain snows over favored terrain near the track over the West.

Deep moisture from newly formed T.S. Sara as it emerges into the
Gulf of Mexico may begin impacting parts of Florida or the Gulf
Coast by early-mid next week, but there is a lot of uncertainty in
exact impacts and amounnts. This system needs to be monitored, but
can still focus a heavy rainfall threat despite not being forecast
to strengthen to hurricane strength.

Above seasonal normal temperatures will spread from the central
U.S. to the East by Sunday into Monday leading to daily maximum
temperatures to climb 10 to 15 degrees warmer in a some locations.
For the western U.S., it will be trending cooler as upper troughing
amplifies over the region. Well below normal temperatures will
provide a cold snap spread to the Central U.S. next week.

Santorelli/Schichtel


Additional 3-7 Day Hazard information can be found on the WPC
medium
range hazards outlook chart at:
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/threats/threats.php

WPC medium range 500mb heights, surface systems, weather grids,
quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF), excessive rainfall
outlook (ERO), winter weather outlook (WWO) probabilities, heat
indices, and Key Messages can be accessed from:

https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst500_wbg.gif
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/medr/5dayfcst_wbg_conus.gif
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/5km_grids/5km_gridsbody.html
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/day4-7.shtml
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/#page=ero
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/wwd/pwpf_d47/pwpf_medr.php?day=4
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/heat_index.shtml
https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/#page=ovw