Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/ip-

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

This Proto-Japonic entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

Compare Late Old Korean 邑 (*ip, “mouth”), modern 입 (ip).

*ip- (infinitive *ipi)

1. to say

• Old Japanese: 言ふ, 謂ふ (ipu)
  • Japanese: 言う, 謂う (iu, yū)
• Proto-Ryukyuan: *ii
  • Northern Ryukyuan:
    • Kikai: 言ゆい, 謂ゆい (iyui), 言い, 謂い ('yui)
    • Kunigami: 言ん, 謂ん ('yun)
    • Northern Amami Ōshima: 言ーり, 謂ーり ('yūri)
    • Okinawan: 言ん, 謂ん ('yun)
    • Okinoerabu: 言ん, 謂ん ('yun)
    • Southern Amami Ōshima: 言むっ, 謂むっ ('yum)
    • Tokunoshima: 言ん, 謂ん ('yun)
    • Yoron: 言ん, 謂ん ('yun)
  • Southern Ryukyuan:
    • Miyako: 言ㇲ゙, 謂ㇲ゙ (zz)
    • Yaeyama: 言ずん, 謂ずん (izun)
    • Yonaguni: 言ゆん, 謂ゆん (iyun)