The European Union fined Meta a record $1.3 billion on Monday after finding the Facebook parent broke its privacy laws by transferring user data from Europe to the United States — one of the most impactful penalties from the E.U. rules, which could have broad implications for American businesses.

The Irish Data Protection Commission ordered Meta to suspend all transfers of personal data belonging to users in the E.U. and the European Economic Area — which includes non-E. U. countries Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway — to the United States.