How does therapist guided game-based intervention program effect motor skills in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?: Single blind randomised study design

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104495Get rights and content

Highlights

  • •
    Game based intervention recently became popular in ADHD rehabilitation.
  • •
    Trademarked games may not be enough for rehabilitation.
  • •
    Therapist guided is the most important part of ADHD game based rehabilitation.

Abstract

Background

Virtual reality and game-based approaches to the rehabilitation process also brought an opportunity to design more accessible intervention programs.It was seen that many studies utilized trademarked and commercially available games, which were not originally designed as rehabilitation tools but were administrated by a rehabilitation professional to achieve the maximum therapeutic value.

Aims

Study aims to investigate the effects of a Self-oriented game based program(SGBP)and Therapist Guided Game-based Intervention Program(TGGIP) on the motor skills of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD).

Methods and Procedures

This study was designed as a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. A total of 176 children with ADHD participated in the study and were randomly divided into two groups (TGGIP and SGBP). Intervention in both groups was done with a telerehabilitation methodology.

Outcomes and Results

According to the within-group comparisons of pre- and post-intervention BOT2-BF scores, there were significant increases in all sub-scores and the total score(p < 0.05). The comparison of the BOT2-BF all sub-scores and the total score changes between the groups showed significantly higher in TGGIP.

Conclusion and Implications

TGGIP was found to be more effective compared to SGBP in improving motor skills of children with ADHD.TGGIP that we designed acts as a facilitator for therapists in using trademarked and easily accessible games for structured and supervised virtual reality and game-based rehabilitation.

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Section snippets

What this paper adds?

This study provides comprehensive information from a randomized-controlled trial aimed at increasing the motor skills of children with ADHD and it consists of two intervention methodologies; one with direct therapist supervision and therapist-designed structure, and the second without any structuring or therapist supervision. With the recent discussions regarding the usage of commercially available, trademarked games in rehabilitation it is obvious that the incredibly easily accessible nature

Material and methods

This study was designed as a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial of therapist guided game-based intervention program on motor skills in children with ADHD compared with their self-oriented game-based program. The protocol used in this study was approved by the University Ethics Boards and Commissions (File number: 2022–215, Decision number: 13–25), and written informed consent was obtained from every child and his/her legal guardian.

Results

One hundred ninety-two children were initially found to be eligible, yet sixteen children subsequently met the exclusion criteria, as they had been diagnosed with Specific learning disabilities (n = 7) or developmental coordination disorder (n = 9). As a result, 176 children with ADHD, that were referred by the department of child and adolescent psychiatry, any time in the past three years were included in the study. They were randomly allocated to either the group 1 (Therapist guided

Discussion

In this study that incorporates an accessible game-based strategy into the motor skills intervention program of children with ADHD within the frame of rehabilitation, the effectiveness of the Therapist Guided Game-Based Intervention was investigated. The main findings showed that the program was effective in increasing the motor skills of children with ADHD.
As a secondary outcome of their study investigating the effectiveness of a virtual reality program based on the cognitive skills on the

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Therapist Guided Game-Based Intervention was found to be more effective compared to the Self-Oriented Game-Based Program in improving motor skills of children with ADHD. When the increasing popularity of virtual reality and game-based rehabilitation applications and the problems in accessing open-source or rehabilitation-specific software are considered; this study offers a methodology that can enable health professionals to use trademarked and commercially available games

Ethics approval

Health Sciences University, Antalya Research and Education Hospital’s Clinical Research Ethical Committee on 30.05.2022 with the registration number 2022–182 13/25.

Consent to participate

Written consent was obtained from all participants regarding their participation in this study.

Consent for publication

All participants were informed about the study and all possible future applications with the data (including publication in a scientific journal) obtained from them before giving written consent.

Funding

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Barkın K and Koray K carried out the literature survey, applied for ethical approval and contributed to the development of the data collection methods and analysis plans. Barkın K applied the Therapist Guided Games based intervention program. Ozgun K undertook the data collection process which is the repeated evaluation process. Ege T and Sedef Ş contributed to the analysis process, interpreted the data and contributed to the development of the text. All the authors reviewed and edited the text

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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