As with most hurricanes and tropical storms, serious impacts could extend well to the north and south of where the center comes ashore. The National Hurricane Center expects possible flooding in Florida as heavy rainfall continues through Milton’s arrival on Wednesday.

If Hurricane Milton continues its trajectory, it will be the second storm to make landfall in Florida in less than two weeks after Helene came ashore as a Category 4 hurricane and brought record-high storm surges along the state’s Gulf coast. The storm has been blamed for more than 220 deaths along its entire path from Florida into Virginia.

How a hurricane forms and strengthens

Only when tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean encounter the right ingredients for long enough do they strengthen to the point of designation.

Meteorologists at the National Hurricane Center pay close attention to a cyclone’s wind speed, which determines its class. Once it reaches 39 mph for at least one minute, it’s classified as a tropical storm and given a name; at 74 mph, the storm becomes a Category 1 hurricane, and continues through Category 5.

These classifications help officials predict the possible risks and damage and send warnings of what to expect from the strong winds, waves, rains and floods when they hit land.

It’s dangerous to be caught in tropical storm-force winds. Stronger hurricane-force winds can destroy homes and buildings and send debris flying.

The winds can also push seawater inland for miles, causing an abnormal rise in seawater levels, known as storm surge — the leading cause of death during a hurricane in the United States, according to the National Weather Service. Large waves are also a risk to people and property.

As a storm moves further inland, flooding becomes a major risk. Cyclones often produce more than six inches of heavy rain, which can overwhelm drainage systems and the ability of the ground to absorb the water, causing flash floods. Flooding may persist for days after a storm.

Hurricane season historically peaks around mid-September, and this season could be the worst in decades, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration says. Government meteorologists predict 17 to 25 tropical storms this year, including four to seven that could become major hurricanes.