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BIOMATERIALS : THE INTERSECTION OF BIOLOGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE 2ND EDITION
INSTRUCTOR’S SOLUTIONS MANUAL SECOND EDITION J. S. Temenoff Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Tech and Emory... [Show More] University, Atlanta, GA A. G. Mikos Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University, Houston, TX BIOMATERIALS : THE INTERSECTION OF BIOLOGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE The author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include the development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine their effectiveness. The author and publisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the documentation contained in this book. The author and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance, or use of these programs. Reproduced by Pearson from electronic files supplied by the author. Copyright © 2023, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc., 221 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. For information regarding permissions, request forms and the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights and Permissions Department, please visit www.pearsoned.com/permissions. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-463249-0 ISBN-10: 0-13-463249-4 Biomaterials: The Intersection of Biology and Materials Science, 2nd ed. Temenoff and Mikos End of Chapter Problems Solutions Manual (Note that only the text of the problems and solutions have been included in this solutions manual. For figures associated with particular problems, please see the appropriate chapter in the textbook.) Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 1 1.1 An artery is a flexible blood vessel that withstands various pressures regulates the flow of blood. A common application of biomaterials is in the fabrication of a vascular stent to prevent re-closure of arteries after angioplasty (removal of plaques that impede blood flow). In many of these products, metals are used and formed into a “chain link” type architecture. (a) What specific bulk and surface material properties would be required for this application? A variety of answers are acceptable as long as properly justified, particularly relating to the idea of flexibility (bulk mechanical property) and how the device interacts with blood (surface physical or chemical properties). (b) Explain why this material type and architecture were chosen in terms of the properties you have listed above. A variety of answers are acceptable as long as properly justified. An example: Metals can be easily formed into complex shapes like that shown here. The chain-link architecture allows for expansibility of the material without fracture, while providing sufficient strength to push against the side of the blood vessel. 1.2 A current area of biomaterials research is in developing a tissue engineered bone replacement to be placed in large bone defects. In general, this approach involves seeding bone cells on a scaffolding material with the idea that this entire construct would be implanted into the site of injury to replace lost bone. (a) Would a natural or synthetic material be best for the scaffold? Justify your answer in terms of the expected response of the body to your construct and why this material class may be better for this application. Either natural or synthetic materials could be acceptable answers, as long as justified using concepts in 1.4.4. (b) What FDA regulatory pathway would likely be involved in approval of this product? This would likely be a combination product (device + biologic), so its main mechanism of action would have to be determined by the FDA and then that Center would take the lead in the regulatory process, with the other taking a secondary role. 1.3 Whether or not the biological response to a material is acceptable depends on the specific application (see definition of biocompatibility, Section 1.1). Assume a new material shows activation of the immune system in vivo. Discuss whether or not this result would be acceptable for the following applications and explain your reasoning: Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. Variety of answers acceptable if well-justified. Most logical answers are found below. (a) Stem of hip implant Unacceptable since this could lead to long-term “rejection” of an implant that is designed to be permanently integrated into the body. (b) Tissue engineered vascular graft Unacceptable since this could lead to long-term “rejection” of an implant that is designed to be permanently integrated into the body. (c) Carrier for vaccine delivery Acceptable since a heightened immune response is desired overall - this could aid in making vaccine delivery more effective. (d) Coating for implanted electrode Unacceptable since this could lead to long-term “rejection” of an implant that is designed to be permanently integrated into the body. In addition, cellular response could reduce the ability of the electrode to transmit electrical signal to the surrounding tissue. (e) Nanoparticle for cancer therapy May be acceptable since a heightened immune response is one way to jump-start the body’s defenses against cancer cells. 1.4 Fluorine (F) is more electronegative than oxygen (O). (a) If you replace O with F in a compound, which of the three major classes of primary bonds would it affect the most? Explain why you chose this class. This would affect ionic bonding the most since ionic bonds occur only when atoms have large differences in electronegativity. Adding F would cause stronger bonding in many cases since it is more electronegative and thus there would be a larger attractive force with electropositive elements. Another acceptable would be that this would affect covalent bonds, since electronegative elements are also found in covalent bonding. Adding F would cause more electron withdrawing from the elements it is bonded to, which would affect the attraction force, and also the polarity of the bond (see below). (b) How would this replacement affect secondary bonding? Replacement of O with F would cause more electron withdrawing from the elements F is bonded to, which cause the other elements to become more positive and thus the overall molecule to [Show Less]
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Language
English
Subject
Biology
Updated On
Jul 31,2024
Number of Pages
59
Type
Manual
Written
2024-2025
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