Jamie Michelle's Greatest Sissy School HitsJamie Michelle
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This document is a collection of writings by Jamie Michelle that were originally posted on the Sissy School discussion forum. Sissy School is an online forum for crossdressers and transgender people, founded in 2004 by its headmistress Ms. Ally. The posts included cover a wide range of topics related to feminization, crossdressing, and phone sex. The collection provides context about the origins of the Sissy School forum and background on its founder Ms. Ally. It also includes biographical information about Jamie Michelle and excerpts from over 100 of her past posts on the forum.
2024 Trend Updates: What Really Works In SEO & Content MarketingSearch Engine Journal
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The future of SEO is trending toward a more human-first and user-centric approach, powered by AI intelligence and collaboration. Are you ready? Watch as we explore which SEO trends to prioritize to achieve sustainable growth and deliver reliable results. We’ll dive into best practices to adapt your strategy around industry-wide disruptions like SGE, how to navigate the top challenges SEO professionals are facing, and proven tactics for prioritizing quality and building trust. You’ll hear: - The top SEO trends to prioritize in 2024 to achieve long-term success. - Predictions for SGE’s impact, and how to adapt. - What E-E-A-T really means, and how to implement it holistically (hint: it’s never been more important). With Zack Kadish and Alex Carchietta, we’ll show you which SEO trends to ignore and which to focus on, along with the solution to overcoming rapid, significant and disruptive Google algorithm updates. If you’re looking to cut through the noise of constant SEO and content trends to drive success, you won’t want to miss this webinar.
Storytelling For The Web: Integrate Storytelling in your Design ProcessChiara Aliotta
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In this slides I explain how I have used storytelling techniques to elevate websites and brands and create memorable user experiences. You can discover practical tips as I showcase the elements of good storytelling and its applied to some examples of diverse brands/projects..
This presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp. This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
How to Leverage AI to Boost Employee Wellness - Lydia Di Francesco - SocialHR...SocialHRCamp
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Speaker: Lydia Di Francesco In this workshop, participants will delve into the realm of AI and its profound potential to revolutionize employee wellness initiatives. From stress management to fostering work-life harmony, AI offers a myriad of innovative tools and strategies that can significantly enhance the wellbeing of employees in any organization. Attendees will learn how to effectively leverage AI technologies to cultivate a healthier, happier, and more productive workforce. Whether it's utilizing AI-powered chatbots for mental health support, implementing data analytics to identify internal, systemic risk factors, or deploying personalized wellness apps, this workshop will equip participants with actionable insights and best practices to harness the power of AI for boosting employee wellness. Join us and discover how AI can be a strategic partner towards a culture of wellbeing and resilience in the workplace.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
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https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing · Scaling relationships and proving ROI · Social media is the place for search, sales, and service · Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth · The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera. · Time saved with AI leads to more creative work · Seeking: A single source of truth · TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems. · More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
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The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
This document introduces UniRx, which brings reactive extensions to Unity using C#. It discusses problems with using coroutines and callbacks for asynchronous code in Unity. UniRx uses IObservable to asynchronously handle network requests, events, and multithreading in a way that is composable, separates concerns, and avoids callback hell. It provides additional methods for Unity like ObservableMonoBehaviour and converting callbacks to observables. The conclusion is that UniRx is better than coroutines or tasks for asynchronous and reactive programming in Unity.
1. The document compares three common methods for concatenating strings in C#: plus concatenation, string.Format, and StringBuilder. 2. Through tests concatenating 1-100 single-character strings, it finds that StringBuilder is consistently the fastest and most memory efficient method, while plus concatenation becomes the slowest and most memory intensive for larger numbers of concatenations. 3. It concludes that StringBuilder should be used for performance-critical code, plus concatenation for simple cases, and string.Format is best for non-critical code involving larger numbers of concatenations, prioritizing readability over micro-optimizations.
This document provides instructions for coregistering MRI data with MEG data in MNE-Python. It describes selecting the MRI and raw data files, setting fiducial points on the MRI, initially aligning the MRI and head shape, fine-tuning the alignment through translation and automatic fitting, and saving the final transformation between the head shape and MRI. The coregistration process allows the MRI to be used for visualization and modeling of MEG data.
In this presentation we will provide in-depth knowledge about the Unity runtime. The first part will focus on memory and how to deal with fragmentation and garbage collection. The second part on performance profiling and optimizations. Finally, there will be an overview of debugging and profiling improvements in the newly announced Unity 5.0.
Introduction to Network Function Virtualization (NFV)rjain51
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Class lecture by Prof. Raj Jain on Introduction to Network Function Virtualization (NFV). The talk covers Four Innovations of NFV, Network Function Virtualization, NFV, Why We need NFV?, NFV and SDN Relationship, Mobile Network Functions, ETSI NFV ISG, NFV Specifications, NFV Architecture, NFV Concepts, Network Forwarding Graph, NFV Reference Points, NFV Framework Requirements, NFV Use Cases, NFV Proof of Concepts, PoCs, ETSI ISG Timeline, Introduction to, Four Innovations of NFV, Network Function Virtualization, NFV, Why We need NFV?, NFV and SDN Relationship, Mobile Network Functions, ETSI NFV ISG, NFV Specifications, NFV Architecture, NFV Concepts, Network Forwarding Graph, NFV Reference Points, NFV Framework Requirements, NFV Use Cases, NFV Proof of Concepts, PoCs, ETSI ISG Timeline. Video recording available in YouTube.
The document provides an overview of the Rest.li development workflow. It describes implementing a simple REST request to retrieve a fortune and outlines the key steps: 1) Write a data schema, 2) Write a REST resource, 3) Write an asynchronous client. The resource and client are modified to use ParSeq for asynchronous and non-blocking request handling by returning and composing tasks. This allows for improved scalability and parallel request processing.
This presentation goes through what Inversion of Control is, which IOC patterns that exists, which of the patterns you should use and when you should use them.
The document discusses optimizing memory usage in Unity games. It describes the Unity memory profiler tool and how it can be used to analyze CPU and memory performance. It explains that memory in Unity comes from both managed code through Mono and unmanaged native memory. The document provides tips for reducing memory allocation and fragmentation through techniques like reusing buffers, object pooling, and avoiding unnecessary allocations. It also covers best practices for loading and unloading asset bundles to minimize memory usage.
The fourth chapter of Bhagavad Gita entitled "Jnana-Karma-Sannyasa Yoga" is given here. Lord Krishna talks to Arjuna about the antiquity of the philosophy he is expounding. Whenever there is decline in righteousness & increase in unrighteousness, God takes steps to balance the situation.He tells Arjuna that God may be approached by sincere devotion, in whatever form you worship Him. What is action? What is inaction? What is forbidden action? Even wise people are confused about action. He is the wise man who sees action in inaction & vice versa. Whoever does his actions without desire for fruits, he is a wise man & he is not bound by his actions. Then the Lord talks about Yajna or sacrifice & describes various types of Yajna. Sacrifice of knowledge is the most sacred of all Yajnas, because all actions end in knowledge. How to get this knowledge? Approach a proper teacher, pay obeisance to him, serve him & by questioning him, one can attain knowledge through his grace..Once you attain this knowledge, all your doubts vanish & you attain peace absolute. One who does all his work without desire for fruits, and has cleared all his doubts through attaining knowledge, & who has control over his body, mind & intellect, becomes free from all bondage. Finally the Lord asks Arjuna to cut all his doubts arising from ignorance, with the sword of knowledge & be ready to fight the war.
This document introduces UniRx, which brings reactive extensions to Unity using C#. It discusses problems with using coroutines and callbacks for asynchronous code in Unity. UniRx uses IObservable to asynchronously handle network requests, events, and multithreading in a way that is composable, separates concerns, and avoids callback hell. It provides additional methods for Unity like ObservableMonoBehaviour and converting callbacks to observables. The conclusion is that UniRx is better than coroutines or tasks for asynchronous and reactive programming in Unity.
1. The document compares three common methods for concatenating strings in C#: plus concatenation, string.Format, and StringBuilder. 2. Through tests concatenating 1-100 single-character strings, it finds that StringBuilder is consistently the fastest and most memory efficient method, while plus concatenation becomes the slowest and most memory intensive for larger numbers of concatenations. 3. It concludes that StringBuilder should be used for performance-critical code, plus concatenation for simple cases, and string.Format is best for non-critical code involving larger numbers of concatenations, prioritizing readability over micro-optimizations.
This document provides instructions for coregistering MRI data with MEG data in MNE-Python. It describes selecting the MRI and raw data files, setting fiducial points on the MRI, initially aligning the MRI and head shape, fine-tuning the alignment through translation and automatic fitting, and saving the final transformation between the head shape and MRI. The coregistration process allows the MRI to be used for visualization and modeling of MEG data.
The Book of Joel is a Jewish prophetic text containing a series of "divine announcements". The first line attributes authorship to "Joel the son of Pethuel". It forms part of the Book of the twelve minor prophets or the Nevi'im in the Hebrew Bible, and is a book in its own right in the Christian Old Testament.
The Supernatural System of Authorization pdfHopeprogress
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The world is designed with systems that govern it. If the system are considered carefully one is guaranteed to have a breakthrough in every area of their life. This book dives into systems that allows one to have dominion on earth and expirience heaven on earth. Also the book empowers someone with knowledge to understand why some things happen. It is a guide to manifestations on earth.
The Revelation Chapter 9 Working Copy.docxFred Gosnell
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The fifth and sixth trumpets sound bringing two judgments upon the earth. The trumpet sound results in a star falling from heaven. The same language of Old Testament prophets indicates the destruction of a nation because it ceased to rule as God required. The nation of Israel killed the prophets sent to it including the Messiah, Jesus Christ. Their punishment is coming. Jesus refers to Satan falling which indicates Jesus' success in overcoming death in His resurrection. This fact was provided to the faithful Christians then who were being persecuted and killed by Jewish authorities and the Roman government. Faithful Christians likewise no longer fear death and disease. When Jesus returns He will cast death and Hades into the lake of fire. The bottomless pit is discussed and we look at what that represents here along with the figurative language that is included. Those with the seal of God are looked at and what terms represent them. There are also those without the seal of God and something is done to them. That is noticed. As with much of the Revelation, much figurative language is in the chapter. Those terms are discussed throughout this study and what they mean. The Old Testament prophets use many of the same terms and we learn from them what these in this chapter refer to. The sixth messenger or angel sounds in this chapter. His message is looked at here. The Euphrates River is mentioned here. The significance of this is also learned from Old Testament references. The chapter continues with descriptions of the Roman Army using figurative terms and the mission they were to perform in the destruction of the nation of Israel, Jerusalem and the temple. What Jesus said in Matthew 23 concerning that generation is noted.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
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Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits. To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups. Technology For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did. While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis. Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad. Age and Gender When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same. Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers. Race Affects Attitudes As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
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Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
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PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
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This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
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The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio. The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
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The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands. It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024. Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024. You’ll learn: - The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem. - New developments in privacy and data regulation. - Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year. Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape. If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
1. Tropical Astrology Jamie Michelle June 16, 2022 To Urania, our heavenly muse. Originally published at the Internet Archive on June 11, 2020, ark:/13960/t0wq8t60r. Herein revised on June 16, 2022. This document is released under Version 3.0 of the "Attribution (By)" Creative Commons license and/or Version 1.3 of the GNU Free Documentation License. Zodiac Order Sign Meaning Referent Symbol Constellation Sign Ruler (Domicile) Starts Classical Element Alchemical Process 1 Aries Ram the golden- fleeced ram that rescued Phrixus and Helle ♈︎ Aries Mars on the northward equinox fire (🜂) calcination 2 Taurus Bull the form that Zeus took in order to seduce Europa ♉︎ Taurus Venus 1/3 between the northward equinox and the northern solstice earth (🜃) congelation 3 Gemini Twins Castor and Pollux ♊︎ Gemini Mercury 2/3 between the northward equinox and the northern solstice air (🜁) fixation 4 Cancer Crab the giant crab that Heracles killed ♋︎ Cancer Moon on the northern solstice water (🜄) dissolution (🝡, 🝢) 5 Leo Lion the Nemean lion that Heracles killed ♌︎ Leo Sun 1/3 between the northern solstice and the fire (🜂) digestion
2. southward equinox 6 Virgo Virgin Astraea ♍︎ Virgo Mercury 2/3 between the northern solstice and the southward equinox earth (🜃) distillation (🝠) 7 Libra Balance the scales of justice held by Astraea, Dike, Themis and Justitia ♎︎ Libra Venus on the southward equinox air (🜁) sublimation (🝞, ☊) 8 Scorpio Scorpion the giant scorpion that killed Orion ♏︎ Scorpius Mars 1/3 between the southward equinox and the southern solstice water (🜄) separation 9 Sagittarius Archer the satyr Krotos ♐︎ Sagittarius Jupiter 2/3 between the southward equinox and the southern solstice fire (🜂) ceration 10 Capricorn Horned Goat the sea-goat form that Pan took in order to escape Typhon ♑︎ Capricornus Saturn on the southern solstice earth (🜃) fermentation (🝤) 11 Aquarius Water- Carrier Ganymede ♒︎ Aquarius Saturn 1/3 between the southern solstice and the northward equinox air (🜁) multiplication 12 Pisces Fishes the ichthyocentaurs Aphros and Bythos who carried Aphrodite from the sea ♓︎ Pisces Jupiter 2/3 between the southern solstice and the northward equinox water (🜄) projection Note that astrology's influence upon individuals is real, although its effects upon humans is not based upon the distant stars, but rather the seasonal effects of the Sun. This of course means that the effects of the Sun's seasonal variance upon humans (particularly during gestation, of which has lasting lifelong consequences upon one's personality and upon one's
3. susceptibility to various diseases) are diminished (though not eliminated) the closer one is to the equator; while these yearly effects are reversed for the Southern Hemisphere as compared with the Northern Hemisphere (since the seasons are reversed for said hemispheres). For some details on this, see the following papers: Gabriele Doblhammer and James W. Vaupel, "Lifespan depends on month of birth", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), Vol. 98, No. 5 (Feb. 27, 2001), pp. 2934-2939, doi:10.1073/pnas.041431898; also available here and here. Christopher M. Ciarleglio, John C. Axley, Benjamin R. Strauss, Karen L. Gamble and Douglas G. McMahon, "Perinatal photoperiod imprints the circadian clock", Nature Neuroscience, Vol. 14, No. 1 (Jan. 2011), pp. 25-27, doi:10.1038/nn.2699; also available here and here. "Supplement"; also available here and here. Zoltan Rihmer, Peter Erdos, Mihaly Ormos, Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis, Gustavo Vazquez, Maurizio Pompili and Xenia Gonda, "Association between affective temperaments and season of birth in a general student population", Journal of Affective Disorders, Vol. 132, Nos. 1-2 (July 2011), pp. 64-70, doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.01.015; also available here and here. Mary Regina Boland, Zachary Shahn, David Madigan, George Hripcsak and Nicholas P. Tatonetti, "Birth month affects lifetime disease risk: a phenome-wide method", Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, Vol. 22, No. 5 (Sept. 2015), pp. 1042-1053, doi:10.1093/jamia/ocv046; also available here and here. See also the following related diagram: "Birth Month and Disease Incidence in 1.7 Million Patients", Tatonetti Lab (Columbia University Medical Center), ca. June 8, 2015; also available here and here. Classical Planets Order Name Symbol Roman Deity Greek Deity Norse Deity Mesopotamian Deity Hindu Deity Day of the Week Metal 1 Sun ☉ Sol Helios; Apollo Sól Utu/Shamash Surya Sunday (1) gold (aurum, Au; atomic number: 79; group: 11; period: 6) 2 Mercury ☿ Mercury Hermes; Apollo Odin Nisaba; Nabu Budha Wednesday (4) mercury (hydrargyrum, Hg; atomic number: 80; group: 12; period: 6) 3 Venus ♀ Venus Aphrodite Frigg Inanna/Ishtar Shukra Friday (6) copper (cuprum, Cu; atomic number: 29; group: 11; period: 4) 4 Moon ☽ Luna; Diana Selene; Artemis Máni Nanna/Sīn Chandra Monday (2) silver (argentum, Ag; atomic number: 47; group: 11; period: 5) 5 Mars ♂ Mars Ares Týr Nergal Mangala Tuesday (3) iron (ferrum, Fe; atomic number: 26; group: 8; period: 4) 6 Jupiter ♃ Jupiter Zeus Thor Marduk Bṛhaspati; Indra Thursday (5) tin (stannum, Sn; atomic number: 50; group: 14; period: 5)
4. 7 Saturn ♄ Saturn Cronus Njord Ninurta/Ninĝirsu Shani Saturday (7) lead (plumbum, Pb; atomic number: 82; group: 14; period: 6) The ancient world's concept of planet was as a wondering star (ἀστήρ πλανήτης, astēr planētēs), i.e., a regularly-occurring light in the sky (a "star") which unlike the many fixed stars of the celestial sphere, moved across said fixed stars in regular patterns (as opposed to, say, meteors, which were thought of as shooting stars, or falling stars). According to the Oxford English Dictionary's entry for "planet", referring to the ancients, "The seven planets, in the order of their accepted distance from the Earth, were the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn." (See John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner [Eds.], The Oxford English Dictionary [Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 2nd ed., 1989].) The classical planets were variously also called the Seven Stars, or the Seven Luminaries. The ancient Greeks initially thought that Mercury was two different planets: they named it Apollo when visible in the morning; and Hermes when visible in the evening. Later the Greeks realized that these seemingly two different planets were actually the same planet, and they kept the name Hermes for it. Apollo later came to be identified with the Sun. Additionally, the ancient Greeks initially thought that Venus was two different planets: they named it Phosphorus when visible in the morning; and Hesperus when visible in the evening. Again, eventually the Greeks realized that these seemingly two different planets were actually the same planet, and they then associated it with the goddess Aphrodite. Coming later, the ancient Romans knew that Venus in its Morning Star and Evening Star appearances was actually a single planet, but when wishing to specify which appearance aspect they were referring to, called the morning appearance Lucifer, and the evening appearance Vesper (the Roman equivalents of their Greek counterparts); while their general name for the planet was Venus, the Roman version of Aphrodite. Due to the ancient conception of a planet as being a wondering star, often when wishing to specify that they were referring to the planet rather than the actual god/goddess, the ancients would refer to it as, e.g., the Star of Aphrodite, etc. Modern Planets Order Name Symbol Sidereal Orbit Period Orbital Eccentricity Sidereal Rotation Period Axial Rotation in Relation to the Sun Number of Moons 1 Mercury ☿ 87.969257 SI day 0.2056302929816634 58.6463 SI day prograde 0 2 Venus ♀ 224.70079922 SI day 0.006755786250503024 243.018484 SI day retrograde 0 3 Earth 🜨, ♁ 365.256363004 SI day 0.01670236221760735 0.9972695663290843 SI day prograde 1 4 Mars ♂ 686.98 SI day 0.09331510156759697 1.02595675 SI day prograde 2 5 Jupiter ♃ 4332.589 SI day 0.04877487712602974 0.41353831 SI day prograde 79 6 Saturn ♄ 10755.698 SI day 0.05572339502033634 0.4440093 SI day prograde 82 7 Uranus ♅, ⛢ 30685.4 SI day 0.04440556667821134 0.718333 SI day retrograde 27 8 Neptune ♆ 60189 SI day 0.01121522948737634 0.67125 SI day prograde 14 The foregoing table's orbital parameters are taken from the below National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System (except for the Earth's orbit and rotation periods, which are taken from the below section's IERS citation). To use the website-interface to obtain ephemeris data for Mercury, select Ephemeris Type: Orbital Elements; Target Body: Mercury; Center: @sun; and Time Span: 2000-01-01 12:00 to 2000-01-02, with Step Size: 1 day (the Step Size simply needs to be longer than the two Time Span parameters, otherwise one gets multiple ephemeris datasets, each at the interval of the Step Size). To obtain data for other planets, change the Target Body parameter to the desired planet. The
5. values for the orbital eccentricities were obtained by setting the Target Body to the respective planet's Barycenter. The given Time Span parameters set the time to January 1, 2000, noon Barycentric Dynamical Time (acronymized as TDB, from the French: Temps Dynamique Barycentrique), which corresponds to the international astronomical epoch standard of J2000.0. When the unit of a year is given in the Horizons system's data output, it is often defined as the astronomical standard Julian year of 365.25 SI day. "Horizons Web-Interface", NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System; Horizons System homepage. As of this writing, the JPL Development Ephemeris (DE) version that the Horizons System uses is DE431. For more information on the JPL DEs, see: William Folkner, "JPL Planetary and Lunar Ephemerides: Export Information", JPL Solar System Dynamics (SSD), Apr. 30, 2014; also available here. To download the JPL ephemerides in different formats (including in ASCII encoding, i.e., plain text), see here and here. See also the following resource for additional physical data on the major celestial objects within the Solar System: David R. Williams, Planetary Fact Sheets, NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive (NSSDC; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), individual pages updated independently; Internet Archive Wayback Machine website mirror. Metrological Units of Time "Leap Seconds", Time Service Department, US Naval Observatory, ca. Dec. 2016; also available here and here. From the foregoing reference: mean solar day = 86400.002 second Hence: mean solar week = 604800.014 second ⁂ "Useful Constants", Paris Observatory International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) Centers, updated Feb. 13, 2014; also available here and here. From the foregoing reference: day (in the International System of Units; Système International d'Unités; SI) = 86400 second tropical year (or solar year; its period determines the seasons) = 31556925.2507328 second ≈ 365.2421819473199 mean solar day ≈ 52.17745456390284 mean solar week sidereal year (its period is in reference to the fixed stars) = 31558149.7635456 second ≈ 365.2563545489918 mean solar day sidereal month (a lunar month; its period is in reference to the fixed stars) = 2360591.55792 second ≈ 27.32166091755415 mean solar day Hence: month ([tropical year]/12) = 2629743.7708944 second ≈ 30.43684849560999 mean solar day ≈ 4.348121213658570 mean solar week ⁂ John R. Lucey, "Lunar Sidereal and Synodic Periods", User's Guide to the Night Sky, Department of Physics, Durham University (UK), undated (ca. Jan. 29, 2014, since updated); also available here and here. Using the equation from the foregoing reference with the above values from IERS: synodic month (a lunar month; its period determines the phases of the Moon) = 1/(1/[sidereal month] - 1/[sidereal year]) = 1/(1/[2360591.55792 second] - 1/[31558149.7635456 second]) ≈ 2551442.877200854 second ≈ 29.53058817291294 mean solar day ≈ 4.218655453273277 mean solar week
6. Astronomical Software For a useful command-line program that can accurately compute the positions of various celestial bodies for given past and future times (while conversely capable of computing times for various events such as equinoxes and solstices; phases of the Moon; sunrises and sunsets; etc.), see the following websites for Skyfield, which is cross-platform, free and open-source software, and which uses the Python programming language: Brandon Craig Rhodes (project maintainer), Skyfield, Rhodes Mill; at GitHub; and at the Python Package Index. Skyfield uses the same ephemerides that the aforementioned JPL Horizons System uses (and one can select which JPL ephemeris one wishes to use). For an older and less accurate—though easier to use—ephemeris program by Rhodes, see PyEphem, Rhodes Mill; at GitHub; and at the Python Package Index. For a planetarium program useful for visualizing the arrangement of celestial objects in the sky for given past and future times, see the below website for KStars, which is cross-platform, free and open-source software: KStars, KDE Education Project. See also the below website for XEphem, which is an ephemeris and planetarium program that runs on Unix-like operating systems (and it will run under the Microsoft Windows operating system using virtual machine software such as VirtualBox with Linux installed as the operating system on the virtual machine). It is free and open-source software. (Just to note, the above PyEphem program uses XEphem's 'libastro' C library.) Elwood Charles Downey (original project maintainer), XEphem, Clear Sky Institute; also available here; GitHub repository. For Unix-like operating systems, see also the following websites for Sunclock, which displays different maps of the Earth with the overhead positions of the Sun and Moon for desired times, additionally showing which parts of the Earth are illuminated by the Sun at the set times. Sunclock is free and open-source software. Sunclock, maintained by the Debian Project (Software in the Public Interest, Inc.); source repository. "sunclock", at Debian developer Roland Rosenfeld's website; GitHub repository. "Sunclock", Arvernes Wiki, July 29, 2008; also available here and here. Sunclock is by Jean-Pierre Demailly, and is based on an earlier version by John Mackin, which in turn was derived from the program Suntools by John Walker. The following command-line program for Unix-like operating systems is able to output the lunar phases for given times, and the times for sunrises and sunsets for given locations and days. It is free and open-source software. Kevin Boone (project maintainer), Solunar. Mathematical Software Below are some free and open-source Computer Algebra Systems (CAS). Such systems can perform symbolic computations, arithmetic, series operations (e.g., summations and products), calculus operations, and more. Most such systems can also create graphs of functions (i.e., plots). These systems can perform arbitrary-precision calculations with integers and floating- point numbers (e.g., the significand of floating-point numbers can be precise to millions of digits on 32-bit computers, and billions of digits on 64-bit machines). All the below CAS run natively on Unix-like operating systems, and some have native ports to the Windows operating system. Maxima information site; the SourceForge projects site. Maxima has also been natively ported to Windows. Maxima is based on a 1982 version of Macsyma (MAC's SYmbolic MAnipulator), programming of which began in July 1969 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's (MIT) Project MAC (Project on Mathematics and Computation). The 1982 version of Macsyma was continued as DOE-Macsyma by the US Department of Energy (DOE), of which was acknowledged by the DOE as open-source software on Oct. 6, 1998 in response to a request by Prof. William F. Schelter of the University of Texas at Austin. FriCAS information site; GitHub source repository; SourceForge projects site; FriCAS Documentation Homepage. FriCAS is a fork of Axiom by Numerical Algorithms Group, of which was previously named Scratchpad II, development of which began in 1977 by IBM (International Business Machines Corporation).
7. Reduce information site; SourceForge projects site. Reduce has also been natively ported to Windows. Reduce originally began to be written by Prof. Anthony C. Hearn in 1963. PARI/GP Development Headquarters; Catalogue of GP/PARI Functions. PARI/GP has also been natively ported to Windows. PARI/GP's progenitor was a program named Isabelle, an interpreter for higher arithmetic, written in 1979 by Profs. Henri Cohen and François Dress at the Université Bordeaux 1. YACAS (Yet Another Computer Algebra System) information site; at GitHub; Documentation. YACAS has also been natively ported to Windows. Development of YACAS began in 1999 by Ayal Z. Pinkus and Serge Winitzki. Below is a very advanced virtual-desktop calculator which is able to perform many of the functions that Computer Algebra Systems are able to perform. It comes with both graphical user-interface and command-line versions. It features arbitrary- precision arithmetic with integers and floating-point numbers. It is cross-platform, free and open-source. Hanna Knutsson (project maintainer), Qalculate!; GitHub repository. The following resources feature two emulators of the HP 48GX scientific graphing calculator by Hewlett-Packard, which was produced from 1993-2003. The first emulator is Emu48, which is Windows software but runs well under the WINE (Wine Is Not an Emulator) Windows-compatibility layer on Unix-like operating systems. The second is x48, which runs on Unix-like platforms. Both are free and open-source software. Hyperlinks to the necessary ROM file are included below. Lastly, the documentation for the HP 48GX is also included. Christoph Gießelink (project maintainer), Emu48. Emu48 was originally released as open-source software by Sébastien Carlier in Aug. 1997. For an improved skin (i.e., user-interface theme) for Emu48, see "Jamie's Modification of Casey's GX II", HP Calculator Archive, ID: 6527; also available here. x48 files repository; latest version also here: x48-0.6.4.tar.bz2. X48 Homepage; also available here. NetBSD patches for x48 0.6.4. x48 was originally created by Eddie C. Dost in 1994, and later maintained by G. Allen Morris III. HP 48GX Revision R ROM, HP Calculator Archive, ID: 4368; also here: gxrom-r.zip. For Emu48, use its included 'Convert.exe' program on the foregoing ROM like so: $ wine Convert.exe gxrom-r ROM.48G . The same Revision R ROM formatted for x48: x48-gxrom-r.tar.gz; also available here. HP 48G Series User's Guide (Corvallis, Ore.: Hewlett-Packard Company, Edition 8, Dec. 1994), internal HP Part No. 00048- 90104; also available here and here. HP 48G Series Quick Start Guide (Corvallis, Ore.: Hewlett-Packard Company, Edition 5, Jan. 1994), internal HP Part No. 00048-90105; also available here and here. The following cross-platform, free and open-source program is able to convert between many different units of measurement: GNU Units, GNU Project (Free Software Foundation, Inc.); port to Microsoft Windows; Adrian Mariano, Units Conversion (HTML; also in PDF), the manual for GNU Units. GNU Units was originally developed by Mariano in 1996. See also the below mathematics reference work which describes several special functions: Frank W. J. Olver, Adri B. Olde Daalhuis, Daniel W. Lozier, Barry I. Schneider, Ronald F. Boisvert, Charles W. Clark, Bruce R. Miller, Bonita V. Saunders, Howard S. Cohl and Marjorie A. McClain (Eds.), NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST; US Department of Commerce), May 11, 2010, since updated; Internet Archive Wayback Machine website mirror.