Human rights library

My name is Takahisa and I am the representative of Japan HIV Positive Network Jump Plus, a non-profit organization. Today, I would like to talk about HIV / AIDS from among various human rights issues. Some people say that HIV / AIDS has become a terrifying disease during the AIDS panic of the 1980s and 1990s, but when it comes to the younger generation, people say, "There used to be such a disease." There are so many people, from people who don't know at all.
In Japan, the infection had spread due to HIV-tainted blood scandal in the 1980s. There was a virus in the blood product, didn't it? Since it was administered to patients without heating, HIV infection spread and it was brought to trial. Since the plaintiffs beat the country in that trial, I think Japan has become the most blessed country in the world in terms of treatment. On the other hand, recently, the chances of HIV / AIDS being featured in the media are decreasing, so I hope you will have time to update your information and images about HIV / AIDS.
I'm 38 years old now, but when I was 25 I went to a health center and was tested and found out that I had HIV. What I feel about this illness is that few people can speak up about it. However, I would like to talk today that there are various disadvantages if such a thing continues for a long time.

[Basic knowledge of HIV / AIDS]

First, I would like to talk about the basics. Basic knowledge of HIV / AIDS. HIV is the name of a virus, although it is collectively referred to as HIV / AIDS. Humans are immune. This usually protects the body from various germs, but the image is that when infected with HIV, HIV eats the immunity. Therefore, this virus increases rapidly and immunity decreases sharply. However, after a while, there is a time when the immunity recovers and the virus is killed, so some people have a slight fever or no symptoms. After that, there is an incubation period for a while, and after having a fever in the acute infection period, there is a period when there are no symptoms at all for several years. In other words, the characteristic of this disease is that it is difficult to understand by yourself unless you feel anxious about "Is it infected?" And go to the examination. However, if you leave this disease for a long time, your immunity will gradually weaken, and the virus will prevail and you will be more susceptible to various diseases.
This immunity has a value of CD4, but there is a considerable difference even in healthy people. It depends on the constitution of people from about 300 to 400 to more than 1,000, so I can't say it unconditionally, but when it comes to AIDS, if it falls below 200, you will get an unusual illness. In general, it is easy to be attacked by various viruses and germs in the world. If one or more of the AIDS index diseases are clearly present, it is said to be an AIDS-onset disease, and it is medically recognized as AIDS. Even doctors often do not see the potential for AIDS. Since it is still treated as a rare disease in Japan, it is not found immediately, and it is happening that people do not test for HIV or give different treatments.

(Treatment for HIV)
In the past, it was a universal recognition that there was no cure and that if you were infected with HIV, you would basically assume "death", but in 1996 (Heisei 8), some medicines were introduced. HAART therapy has been established that keeps hitting the virus by taking it in combination. As a result, it became possible to suppress the activity of the virus and wait for the recovery of immunity. However, the treatment technology has not reached the point where the disease is completely cured. For the time being, I think this illness is a illness that keeps taking medicine until death.
Although taking medicine has side effects, it is essential to take it every day. For example, if you take 80-90% of the dose, you will become resistant to the virus. If you do not treat it properly and do it halfway, the medicine will not work well.
When the treatment was first developed, the side effects were quite severe, and it seems that there was a time when I took a palm-filled medicine every day and it still worked or did not work, but now I have 2 or 3 tablets a day, the best. Even one tablet of a new drug is being developed once a day. The side effects have also been reduced, so I think that area has improved considerably. However, it may be a short time since the drug appeared, and since the human body gradually hurts when taking the same drug every day, various symptoms such as visceral diseases may occur. Some medications also have nerve-damaging side effects and sleep disorders, which can be painful for some people.

(Number of HIV-infected persons / AIDS patients)
In Japan, there is an AIDS trend committee under the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, and if HIV is found, a doctor will notify the Prefecture. The number of people with HIV in Japan now is the sum of the number of people infected with HIV and the number of AIDS patients. People who have been tested at a health center or have a blood test before surgery at a hospital and have HIV, or who have not developed HIV but have been found to have HIV, are infected with HIV. I call him a person. AIDS patients, on the other hand, are diagnosed with AIDS if one or more of the AIDS-indicating disorders are clearly present. There are about 1,200 new HIV-infected people and 500 new AIDS patients. The total number is about 1,500 to 1,700.
You may have read an article such as "Only Japan has an increase in HIV among developed countries", but that is half a lie. The reason is that, for example, in the United States, there are about 10,000 to 20,000 people who become HIV every year, but even though the number of Japanese people is increasing, it is about 1,500 at most.
Next, let's see which generation the infection has spread to. Infections are most common in the 20s, followed by those in their 30s, and then in their 40s. And the characteristic of this disease is that sexually transmitted infections between so-called gay men are in the volume zone.
Next, when the number of people is accumulated, it is said that there are about 25,000 people in Japan now. This statistic doesn't include the number of people who died, so it may actually be a little less. Since the treatment method has been established since 1996 (Heisei 8), access to medical care has become very good, so I think that not many people will die of HIV in the future.
Of course, there are dozens of people a year who die because of delays in their discovery, but in many cases they are able to work well and return to their daily lives.

What kind of image do you think of when you hear "AIDS" and "HIV"? ]
I think you can think of the following four routes of HIV / AIDS infection. The first is sexually transmitted infections caused by semen and vaginal fluid. Infection by sexual activity without using condoms is the main. It is transmitted simply because of the virus in the blood or semen, so infection occurs whether it is of the same sex or of the opposite sex. The second is the sharing of syringes. When using a syringe, the needle is disposable in medical institutions, but some people who use drugs may swirl the drug. In reality, it is very important to deal with drug users, but it is difficult to intervene because of Japanese legal issues regarding the use of needles. In some countries, needle replacement is a public service. The idea is that by doing so, protecting people from HIV will benefit the country. The third is blood transfusion with HIV-contaminated blood and infection due to the use of unheated blood products. Previously, there was an incident in which a virus was contained in blood for transfusion. In addition, people who have a congenital disease called hemophilia that cannot produce platelets etc. are treated by administering non-heated preparations on a regular basis, but the virus has entered. Sometimes I got infected because my blood wasn't heated. In the case of Japan, the Japanese Red Cross makes "blood donations" to have healthy people donate blood, but in foreign countries, there are people who come to sell blood by calling it selling blood. The virus may be in the blood. There is no problem if it is heat-treated, but there is a history that AIDS spread among people with hemophilia because non-heated preparations were used. The fourth is mother-to-child transmission. Even if the mother is HIV-infected, by taking the medicine properly and giving birth by Caesarean section, there is a 99% chance of giving birth without infecting the child, but there are few medical institutions with that technology. Therefore, the number of people who can enjoy the benefits is limited. Women with HIV often say that understanding is essential to having and raising children. It seems that some people are having difficulty giving birth because they are worried that their mother-in-law and mother may ask, "Why don't you breastfeed?" In the case of women, it seems that there are many cases where a pregnancy test reveals that they are infected with HIV when they go to the gynecology department. In places such as Africa, due to weak economic power and women's rights, even if it is known that the child is infected with HIV, there are cases in which the child is forced to give birth by normal delivery and infects the child.
It is not apparent whether you are infected with HIV / AIDS. In Japan, there are more than 20,000 people with HIV, but since they live normally, they cannot tell unless they tell them. In addition, HIV / AIDS is not transmitted in daily life. For example, sharing a toilet or bath, eating a pot together, shaking hands or hugging will not infect you. Kiss is also rarely infected. One of the dangers in daily life is sharing a toothbrush or razor. HIV is said to be very infectious. Some people may be concerned about getting infected from mosquitoes, but they don't. It does not carry pets or animals. Barbers and hospitals will not be infected if they are properly hygienic.

Now let's take a look at the recent HIV news. This is an article from the Kobe Shimbun. Hyogo Prefecture has conducted educational activities such as HIV infection due to sexual activity between men. On the other hand, the prefectural assembly said, "Is it necessary for the administration to take the initiative in providing homosexual guidance?" And was criticized as "discriminatory and too ignorant." I think this prefectural assembly's remark is one of the public's views on this disease. There is a problem that it cannot be solved only by correct knowledge.
The other is the latest news from the Kochi newspaper. It is an article that an HIV-positive person living in Kochi City told the fact of infection when he visited a dental clinic last year, but the dentist refused the subsequent medical treatment. In many cases, I fall asleep, but recently, some parties have raised the issue properly.
You may be infected with HIV even if you do not write on the questionnaire that you are HIV positive. You may also have other viruses. Considering this, basic infectious disease countermeasures should be necessary not only in dentistry but also in hospitals that handle blood and mucous membranes. However, there are still many doctors who think that it is difficult to treat people with AIDS. Kochi Prefecture has a small population and few people with HIV, so it seems that this dentist didn't know about it, but I think this is basically something that shouldn't happen.
The other is the story of Fukuoka Prefecture. A nurse working at a general hospital was examined at a university hospital and found to be HIV, but the university hospital gave the information to the hospital where he worked without his permission, so he took a leave of absence from his place of employment. It means that I was forced to. The nurse sued both hospitals and filed a trial. The hospital lost the case the other day, but the hospital has appealed and the trial is still ongoing. My boss said, "I want you to take a leave of absence until there is no risk of getting infected," but I think it's a completely unscientific response. It is said that the hospital said, "If you take a leave of absence for 90 days or more, you will be treated as retired, but it is unavoidable." increase.
There are many people who tell their boss that they have HIV and work without problems, but by telling them that they have HIV, they are told "Don't come to work" or dispatched employees. Even now, it is still happening that a part-time job can unilaterally terminate the contract. In 2010 (Heisei 22), the Japanese Nursing Association called for "protect the human rights of HIV-infected nurses," but it is difficult to understand. I feel the difficulty of raising awareness of AIDS.

(Image of HIV held at the time of notification of infection)
HIV testing can be done free of charge at health centers nationwide, anonymously, and at medical institutions for a fee. Recently, there are also test kits sold by private companies. Recently, it has become clear that there are about 60,000 to 70,000 uses per year. And blood donation may be the trigger. In blood donation, there is a principle that even if you test and find out that you have HIV, you do not tell the person, but in reality, the doctor may tell you.
We surveyed 239 people who were HIV positive about what kind of image and knowledge they had about HIV before they were found to be HIV. We have published a booklet entitled "Tests and Announcements Experienced by 239 HIV-Positive People", and I will talk about it next.
What about you, do you think that if you have knowledge of HIV, you can prevent HIV? In our research, most people knew that "HIV is transmitted by sex" and "there are ways to prevent HIV" when they are tested. However, I got infected.
I think one of the reasons why I can't go to the test while knowing the risk of this disease is because I'm afraid of this disease. I have an image that "it's over when you get HIV", so you shouldn't know it. I think young people in particular have that kind of feeling.
Also, many people thought that the cost of treating HIV was high. Actually, for people with average income, the maximum monthly medical expenses will be about 10,000 yen. This is because HIV is certified as a certificate of the physically disabled and the independence support medical system is combined. The system is designed so that the amount of money will not be such that you will not be able to continue to pay for medical treatment. The government is supposed to bear the cost of treatment above a certain amount. But you have to go through that procedure. For example, you need to go get your disability certificate yourself. If someone you know is working at the procedure window, some people may not be able to go there. Large hospitals have social workers, so you can ask for them on your behalf, but if you don't give such an explanation, some people will put up with it and pay a lot of medical expenses at their own expense. The reality is that most people do not know that there is an independence support medical system without explanation.
I will talk about when I actually went to the test and found it to be positive. Two weeks after I went to the HIV test, the results came out, and during that time I read various pamphlets. There were many stories of people who were found to be HIV positive, and it turned out that there was no such thing as "sudden death" or "a major change in life." Two weeks later I was shocked to find out that it was positive, but of course I was reading the pamphlet so I didn't have to mess around and quit my job or talk to my parents. These days, it seems that the results will come out on the day of the test, but some people may be upset when they hear the results before they are ready. I'm a little worried about that.
HIV prevention and enlightenment is also carried out mainly at health centers, but I would like you to stop sending the message "If you get infected, you're done." December 1st is World AIDS Day, but in Tokyo, for example, there are selection criteria so that posters do not give an image of fear when making posters. I think we also have to be so careful. This is an image illness. Many people say, "When I found out that I had HIV, I thought my life was over and decided to retire," and "I thought I had to give up on love and sex." I think it's hopeless for him, so please don't spread that image.
There is another issue of sexuality. In many cases, it is said that the fact that the infection is between males of the same sex may lead to a discriminatory response. When HIV is discovered due to the Infectious Diseases Control Law, you will be asked "What is your transmission route?" And "What do you think you were infected with?" This basically has to be answered, but at that time 66.9% of men said they had sex and became infected. However, when asked about the infection route in our questionnaire, 84% were male. The AIDS Trends Committee is now trying to figure out the infection route, but in reality there is such a gap, and it is said that it is difficult to grasp it correctly. When thinking about HIV countermeasures, I think it is very important to raise awareness for gay men, but I think that the cost of countermeasures has also been reduced and it will become even more difficult in the future. It's hard to hear the voices of gay men, but there are people who are studying this kind of thing, so I think we need to work with them to deal with the problem.

[Current status of the medical environment surrounding HIV-positive people]
Next is the medical environment. Aside from hospitals that specialize in AIDS, just because you are a healthcare professional does not mean that you are familiar with HIV.
Basically, in 1996 (Heisei 8), a treatment method for suppressing the virus was established for the treatment of HIV. There is a trial for HIV-tainted blood scandal, and it is decided to properly establish a treatment base hospital for AIDS. There are currently about 370 to 380 locations nationwide, but less than half of them can actually treat HIV, and there are often no teachers who can diagnose HIV. I think there are only one or two hospitals where you can get HIV in some prefectures. In addition, it is still difficult to receive treatment for HIV / AIDS or other diseases outside the AIDS treatment base hospital.
In the past, I think that many people were treating AIDS with the feeling that it was a fatal illness. Many people discontinued the drug because of the various side effects. However, now that I am getting a disease that allows me to live longer, I have recently changed to a policy that I should start treatment as soon as possible. Since it suppresses the virus, it naturally reduces the risk of infection, which is also beneficial in that sense, and if you maintain a healthy state, you do not have to tell people around you that you have become HIV.
Currently, many people take medicine once a day or twice a day. Then it is our lifestyle to go to the hospital once every one to three months. If there's a problem we're feeling during our visit, we're worried that we'll discover HIV when we meet our neighbors.

Isn't the person infected with HIV "healthy"? ]
So does it mean that being infected with HIV is not really healthy? The WHO (World Health Organization) defines health as follows: "It's in perfect physical, mental and social condition, not just illness or weakness."
There is considerable variability in the views of health on the part of the parties. Some people who think relatively positively said, "I found that even if the test value is abnormal, I can think of it as" health. "The definition of" health "is related not only to the body but also to the mind and society. Some people say, "I found it to be more complicated," and "I feel that I am living healthy even with HIV."
Many people say that they have changed their way of thinking because of this illness. "The view of life has changed from the consciousness of being alive to the consciousness of being alive." "I've become" or "I've come to feel the gratitude for my health."
Many young people get this illness, so there are quite a few people who only realize the illness after getting HIV. On the other hand, there are also negative opinions. Some people say, "I have to take medicine for a long time, so I'm worried about how long my body will hold it." "It's very burdensome to pretend to be healthy and live."

Is it okay because there is a hospital specializing in AIDS (AIDS treatment base hospital)? ]
In terms of the medical environment, some people may think that it is okay because there is a treatment base hospital, but is that really the case? When I visited a medical institution for a disease or injury other than HIV / AIDS, I asked if I was told that I had HIV. This was really split. There were about 1/3 of the people who told it, those who didn't, and those who said it on a case-by-case basis.
The person who told me is asked to write a letter of introduction in advance or to tell it in advance. Other than that, there are quite a few people who write HIV in the history column of the questionnaire during the waiting time, or who tell it directly at the time of medical examination. At that time, there were about 1/4 of the people who were "refused to receive medical treatment" and "received discriminatory treatment". On the other hand, those who did not tell them said, "I am anxious about receiving discriminatory attitudes and behaviors," "I am reluctant to tell that I am HIV positive," and "I am anxious about being denied treatment." There are many people. Some people say that they don't need to tell.
Next is why the acceptance of HIV-positive people is not progressing at general medical institutions and welfare facilities. We think that medical institutions and doctors are familiar with hospitals, but in fact This is not always the case. Recently, it is becoming impossible to see HIV patients only at the base hospital. In central Tokyo and Osaka, some medical institutions see hundreds of people, and some of them see more than a thousand people. In such a place, I think that the examination is often completed only by a simple exchange.
Some clinics and hospitals refuse medical treatment at general medical institutions. For example, some hospitals are rejected by the director, while others are rejected by staff. If one of the people rejects it, they will not be able to get medical treatment there. Now, the teachers of the base hospitals in each region are making efforts and are looking for a medical cooperation hospital so that they can be seen at general medical institutions. Some Prefecture have such a system in their local governments. If you contact the local government, they will tell you which hospital will give you medical treatment. I think this is very important from a human rights perspective as well, so I hope that it will spread in the future.
Second, some medical institutions do not want to spend money on standard precautions. Changing gloves, throwing away needles, and reusing instruments must be done to ensure that they are sterilized, but some do not. When people with HIV or hepatitis come, they suddenly wear protective clothing or gloves, but even if they are not known to be HIV positive, they are actually infected or have more infectious hepatitis. When someone who has the virus comes, the risk cannot be avoided at all.
In addition, some hospitals are worried about the damage caused by rumors. If the privacy of the patient is protected, there should be no reputational damage, but the hospital that refuses to see the doctor says, "If you know that an HIV patient is coming, other patients will not come." Is called. I think this is really an argument.
In other cases, he may refuse to see the doctor because he is worried about a needlestick injury. This is actually something to worry about, so I will introduce the URL where the countermeasures are listed.
http://www.acc.ncgm.go.jp/doctor/eventSupport.html
It is written in this URL that if a medical institution accidentally sticks an injection needle into the body, the risk of HIV infection due to an accident can be reduced to almost zero by having the person take an anti-HIV drug quickly. Understanding of infectious diseases is not so common in general medical institutions, so it ends up being "HIV patients cannot be seen at home." In fact, various cases of discrimination have come from people living with HIV. For example, a man in his thirties said, "I sometimes get in an ambulance, and when I told him about HIV as a chronic disease, the attitude of the rescue workers suddenly changed and I started disinfection and my tone became cold." When I had a polyp surgery at a hospital separate from the clinic, I was forbidden to contact other patients and was treated in a private room. The nurses were very careful. " It doesn't have to be like this, but it suddenly becomes special. "I wanted to claim insurance for hospital charges, but I gave up to prevent the name of my illness from being known because there are community-based diplomats." I have a similar experience with this. I know my parents now, but I didn't tell them at that time, so I thought about that. In another case, "I work as a nurse, but after I was discharged, I was told that it would be difficult to work in the clinical setting, so I decided to do clerical work. After that, my boss told me to return to the clinic again. It says, "I was." This is an example of how the treatment is completely different depending on the level of the person's beliefs. "I asked the city's welfare department to introduce me to dentistry, but I was told that there was no dentistry I could introduce, so I went to the hospital where I used to live." Ideally, you should be able to see a doctor at a general hospital, but I think it's probably difficult at the moment. We would be very grateful if you could find a hospital that cooperates with medical treatment in each Prefecture.

[Treatment and work]
Next is work. Basically, this illness is just a blood test and taking medicine every day, so it is a general principle to work while treating. However, some people have different feelings when it comes to HIV when they get a job or at work. A woman in her 40s was suspended from work indefinitely because many people had opportunistic infections (infectious diseases caused by microorganisms that do not cause infectious diseases in healthy people). The reason is "to infect others" and I retired. " This is completely illegal. However, in such cases, the person is usually crying and falling asleep. I think I'm wrong. It's very hard to hear such a story. Also, a person who says "I was assigned to a department that does not come into direct contact with people" is a civil servant. A man in his 40s wrote, "When it comes to HIV at work, everyone says it's unpleasant, so I thought I had to keep it hidden." I don't think it's the act of throwing stones in front of the parties, but some people say that they feel uncomfortable without thinking that there is an HIV person next to them. And I think he's a gay man, but there are also people who say, "I've been cut out about marriage many times and I'm always muddy." Don't say "You, haven't you got married yet?" At work. This will be sexual harassment. A man in his 40s wrote, "I was overwhelmed by an industrial physician at my previous employer, saying,'We need to let the human resources manager and the president know that they are positive.'" Many industrial physicians do not know about HIV at all. Some people think short-circuited, "Because it's an infectious disease, you have to get the great people in the company to know it properly," but that's not necessary. This person is indignant, "Do you do the same for employees with chronic hepatitis?"
The same is true in school. In some cases, "I was advised to drop out when I was a student because it was a medical school," or someone who is about to get a job "was asked about the infection route at the time of the interview." Since HIV is certified as a disabled person, there is also a way of working called employment of disabled people, but Hello Work and personnel personnel who are actually in charge of employment of disabled people do not understand HIV properly. People who go to an interview often have to explain for themselves, but sometimes they even ask, "Why did you get infected, is the person a man or a woman?" Some people wrote, "After I found out that I had HIV at an interview with a disabled person, the attitude of the other person changed and I couldn't listen to him." Talking about foreign countries, there are some countries where you cannot enter the country if you have HIV. Those who have been unable to continue their work in their previous occupation because they have been found to be positive by a test while living overseas and have never been able to enter the country since then. Some people feel delicately, "I was able to respond casually when I told the name of the disease at the Hello Work interview counter."

[Tell someone]
As you can probably tell from the above, HIV has a problem of prejudice. Therefore, we created a booklet entitled "Connecting with People, Connecting with Society." I would like to introduce some of them.
How much do you think people with HIV are informing others? Very few people say they haven't told anyone at all, and many are talking to someone around them. Some people who have developed AIDS and have been hospitalized are forced to come out. The overwhelming majority are friends. I don't tell my family much. The same is true of the disease itself, HIV, and about 80% are gay, so many people don't want their family to know about their sexuality. Since HIV is a sexually transmitted disease, many people have told it to the people they are dating, and a certain number of people who have had a relationship in the past.

[Sex and sexuality]
There is a study by the AIDS Trends Commission that investigated how many gay and bisexual people are in the population. We asked men in their 20s and 50s about two things by mailing about 8,000 at random, depending on their population ratio. Whether you have sexual intercourse with a man, this is 2.0%. Whether or not they have been sexually attracted to the same sex was 4.3%. It is said that about 3% of the population is gay and bisexual. It has been investigated in other countries as well as in Japan, but the figure is about 3%. About 1% of gay and bisexual men are already infected with HIV. For those who are returning to the gay community, HIV is no longer a distant illness.
Most adolescents say they haven't learned anything about homosexuality at school or at home. There is a questionnaire survey targeting school teachers in a survey by Professor Hidaka of Takarazuka University.
When asked if they had any experience incorporating LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) into their lessons, most teachers answered "no". Reasons for not incorporating it into the class are "I did not have the opportunity to feel the need to teach", "The teacher does not know much about homosexuality and gender identity disorder", "It is not written in the textbook", "It is written in the instruction guideline" The reasons are "not written" and "I want to teach but it is difficult to teach". Different people have different ages to realize that they are gay, but many people think that if they are gay, they may like men, as well as adolescent sexual awakening. .. However, there is no information at that time. Some people take years to get out of the belief that they are abnormal. I think it makes a big difference depending on whether or not you have sex education during adolescence.
In this survey, nearly half of the respondents said they had "experienced the pressure of marriage." In the social structure where men and women basically love each other, parents, workplaces, or friends ask "Won't you get married?" Or recommend a matchmaking. In addition, 38.7% of the respondents said that they felt guilty after having sex with a man. You don't have to feel guilty, but since you're growing up in a heterosexual society, many people have this feeling. Then, more than half of the people have actually experienced violence in words related to sexual orientation such as "homo, okama, man" during adolescence.

Why does sexual contact between males and same-sex spread HIV infection? ]
Now, I would like you to think scientifically and objectively why HIV is spreading among gay men. First of all, anal sex between men is common. Of course, there is a risk of infection in a woman's vagina, but the anus can be easily infected and injured. Adolescents do not have the opportunity to learn the basics of using condoms, a contraceptive, to prevent illness. I don't teach at school or at home. I can't remember if the person I had sex with as an adult is someone who doesn't wear a condom. Therefore, there is a background that it is difficult to reach the place where condoms are used. Condoms are really important, but they are very difficult to spread. I think it would be nice to make a poster that describes how to put on a condom, but that wouldn't be put up at school, so it tends to be a fluffy poster. In particular, if we do not focus on preventive awareness activities for gay men, I think it will be dangerous five or ten years after the disease. It means that you have to teach even after you grow up.
There may also be a large number of sex partners and a large number of times. The idea of chastity is thin. Same-sex marriage is not allowed in Japan, so I personally think that even if you blame the fact that there are many sexual partners, it will not start.
In addition, because many people have been discriminated against, there is a sense of discrimination and a decrease in mental health that results from it. It is said that such a psychology is working that you can not refuse to the other party in the actual sex scene, and you do what the other party says because you want to be loved. Also, they have low self-esteem and do not take good care of themselves. If you don't want to live long, you may be desperate and desperate.
Recently, drug issues have become quite relevant. I think it is necessary to deepen the recovery program in the future in collaboration with drug self-help groups.

[Prevention of HIV ... Same for people with and without the virus]
Finally, I would like you to understand that the prevention of HIV requires the same measures for both those who have the virus and those who do not.
I wanted everyone to understand this disease objectively today, so I prepared as much data as possible, but if you want to know more properly or read it properly, Japan HIV Positive Network Jump Plus Please visit the website.
http://www.janpplus.jp/
Also, I would like you to share this story with people who are taking measures against diseases (AIDS measures) in local administrative districts. Thank you for your time today.