Appendix:Proto-Yukaghir reconstructions

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Proto-Yukaghir reconstructions:[1]

Nikolaeva (2006)

[edit]
No.GlossProto-Yukaghirnotes
1stop*aː-
2pr. (the river Rassoxa, a tributary of the Korkodon)*aččə/*waččə
3lichen; reindeer*aːčə/*waːčə
4bag*ačiː
5bark; prey*að-/*ant-/*wað-/*want-
6perineum; walk*ad’a-
7marmot*aðačə
8airplaneaèroplanloanword
9pr. (a man)afanasij
10vertebrae*aɣ-/*aŋk-
11laugh; mock*aɣal’wə/*aŋqəl’wə
12pr. (a woman)*aɣaːńə/*aŋqaːńə
13air; animal; breath; breathe; consciousness; death; die; exhalation; well*aɣarə/*aɣaðə
14Even*aɣatə/*aŋqətə/*waɣatə/*waŋqətə
15pr. (a river)*aɣčə-?
16undressed*aɣil-/*aŋqil-/*waɣil-/*waŋqil-
17abuse; blame; deceive; doubt; embarrass; envious; frighten; jealous; offend; presentiment; sin; suspicious*aj- 1
18arbalest; beat; shoot; throw*aj- 2
19somersault*aj ?
20accurate; diligent; everything; glad; happy; laugh; profligate; rejoice; right; think; understand; wonderful*aja- 1
21close; open; scatter; scrape; scratch; skin; strip; tear; wash*aja- 2
22disorder; noise; riotajdaːn
23tooth*ajin/*wajin
24boot; skin; trousers*ajiŋ/*wajiŋ
25egg*ajl’
26calm down; prevent; stop*ajlə-/*wajlə-
27stumble*ajun-/*wajun-
28blink; close; kingdom; shadow; sleep; soul; swamp; wink; world*ajwə-/*wajwə-
29brother; cousin; elderakaː
30foolakaːry
31likeaki
32raftaːl 1
33abate; after; below; bottom; down; eyelid; hill; lace; late; loose; lose; low; mountain; short; steep; turn; under; victory; win; world; young*aːl 2
34order*aːl-
35ice-hole; melt; patch; resin; sea; thaw*al’-
36light; Tungus*ala-
37diaphragm; disk; human; liver*al’aːjə
38mother*alajə ?
39ground*alaji-
40stupid*alal- ?
41weasel*alaqəjwə ?
42pr. (the river Balygyčan)*alčən/*walčən
43tree*aːlə
44Aleksandraleksandrloanword
45accidentalɣas
46orali
47disappoint*al’l’ə-
48cackle*al’q-
49because; much; very*alqə-
50spoon*aluj
51flutter; pour; spill; throw*al’wə-/*wal’wə-/*al’pə-/*wal’pə-
52harness; strap*alyk
53bone; claw; fish: Amur ide; skeleton; tall; unwell*am-
54death; die; languish; lay; mortal; muzzle; prepare; put; spread*am-/*wam-
55really; surprise*ama-
56father; great-grandfatheramaː
57reindeeramarkaːn
58barnambar
59Americanamerikanec
60Amenamiń
61shout*amipə-/*wamipə- ?
62cut; digestive; disappear; dive; embrace; sink; sunset; swallow*amlə-
63after; here*amun-/*wamun- ?
64answer; blame; bleed; bless; conjure; conversation; cry; exaggeration; God; interpreter; language; match-maker; proverb; read; respond; say; shaman; song; speak; speech; syllable; talk; tongue; wizard; word*an- 1
65here; that; there; when*an- 2
66present*an- 3
67censure; evil; foul; rumour; scold; sin; tease*ań- 1
68antler; belt; driver; sledge*ań- 2
69bird; fish; gills; intestine; pole; scale; September; spoon*an-/*wan-
70suddenly*ana
71boat*ana-
72foot; girl; hill; kabarga; marmot; mountain*anaː 1
73disease*anaː 2
74arrow; beard; door; eat; eloquent; hoop; lip; moustache; mouth; murder; open; palate; pole; river-mouth; scissors; voice; yawn*aŋa
75*anadər/*anantər/*wanadər/*wanantər
76purpose*anaːn
77cupboard; world*aːnč-/*waːnč-
78alarm; fuss*anč’ə-
79bird: falcon; bird: goldfinch*aŋč’ilə/*waŋč’ilə
80pr. (a goddess)*an-dajdu
81betray*aŋðə-
82bird: duck; riverandy
83more*ańil
84fish: omul*anjə ?
85game*anjə-
87chieftain; king; kingdom; separate*anlə-
88frill; gradual*aŋl’ə-/*waŋl’ə-
89Russian; vodka*aŋluː/*waŋluː
90cause; idle; just; leisure; not; reason; still; suddenly*anmə
91harness; reindeer; sledge; straddle*ańmə-
94rough; wave*anŋijə
95before; first*aŋnumə/*waŋnumə
96befriend; brother; complain; friend; guard; hide; illegitimate; kill; pair; quiet; report; secret; shaman; sneak; surreptitious; whisper*aŋq-
97comb; scraper; scratch; storm*anqə-
98suffer; torture*aŋqurpə/*waŋqurpə
99bachelor; son; youth; fellow*ant-
100belt; waist*aŋt-
101disease*aŋtə-
102fight; kill; touch*antə-
103glue*ańtə-/*wańtə- ?
104two*antəq-/*wantəq-
105inform*aŋtiː-
106racer*anul’l’ə
107love*anurə-/*wanurə-
108float*apaj-/*wapaj- ?
109wife*apanəlaː
110fifty; five*apjə-/*wapjə- ?
111collect; gather*aptə-
112always; antler; bare; barefooted; bareheaded; bear; because; glove; only; really; still; suddenly; too; weak*aq
114bottom; foot; paw; sole*ar-
115adroit; energetic; flexible; hard; light*ara
116suddenlyarai
117coffin*arańəs/*aðańəs
119flap; nappy*aːrə
120bow; fire-arms; foresight; gun; honest; muzzle; trigger; unload*aːriː/*aːðiː
122wolverine*arinəwujaː/*warinəwujaː
124background; beside; hole; near; sledge; support; to; until*arq-/*aːrq-
125butterfly*asapəlliː
126sibling*aslə
127prick*assə-/*wassə-
128end; finish*at-/*wat-
129spiderataqiː
130mould; rust*atilə
131hardly*atməlč’aːq
132stuck*attə-/*wattə-
133sellatyːlaː-
134gather*aw- 1
135baby; brain; container; cradle; den; fill; horizontal; keep; lie; nest; pull; put; sheath*aw- 2
136fresh*aw- 3
137noiseaw- 4
138confusion; fringe; pull; stretch; tighten*aw-/*amp-/*waw-/*wamp-
139cousin; elder; girl; grandmother; mother-in-low; sister; spirit*awa
140asleep; bed; blanket; coat; cover; dream; evening; skin; sleep; yesterday*aːwə
141arrow; bow; shovel*awjə
142disk; hook*aːwə/*ampə
143hair; hide*awrə-/*awðə- ?
144swampbadaraːn
145noisebaːd’y-
146perhapsbaɣar
148fish: peledbaraŋəttaː
149get out; leave; quite*basmak
150oppressbattaː-
151disease; lame; leg; rheumatism; swell*beče-
152troublebeda
154evenbel
155sign; markbelie
156juniperbereznjak
159orbieter
160April; wristbileːn
161beadsbiser
163blessingblagoslovenie
164blessblagoslovljat’
165plate; saucerbljudo
166catch; flutter*boba-
167cockle; shrink; sewbobin-
168beaverbobr
169barrelbočka
170champion; herobogatyr’
172God bless youbog-s-toboj
173sharp; smartbojkij
174cauldron*bojl’ə
175completely*bolləqənə
176disturbbrodit’
177swampbuča
178as ifbudto
179completelybukatyn
180paperbumaga
181guilt; punishmentburui
182thick*buskə
183stockingbutul
184all; everybütün
185bottlebutylka
186kingdomcarstvo
187roublecelqovyj
188diminish; few; harm; lack; less; little; miserable; needy; prematurely*čaː-
189brother; cousin; uncle*čaː(čaː)
191path; trail; trodden*čaːðə-/*čantə-
193negligent*čaɣal’-/*čaŋqəl’-
194capricious; flirt; whimsical; envious*čaːɣər-
195snack; stand; tea*čaj
196kettle; pot*čajnik
197heritage*čaj-
198bird: gullčajka
199break; calendar; cheerful; dawn; day; during; early; every; February; light; lighten; midday; nod; shine; sign; South; star; today; transparent*čajlə
200antler; gesture; sign; tree*čajliː
201bird: bullfinch*čajsilə
202brown; reindeer*čaːl’-
203hang*čale-
204fog; mist*čamč’ə
205oar; row*čamč’ə/*čamjə
206decorate; tin*čampuː
208sneeze*čaŋ-
209wolverine*čaŋ- ?
210care; defend; grieve; help; pity; protect; sorry*čaŋa-/*čoŋo-
211disappear; echo; push; sound*čanč’-
212big; brother; elder*čanmə 1
213back*čanmə 2
214shed*čanmijə
215dirty; grease; knock; ledum; meet; moor; move; paint; recoil; red; roll; rub; soil; touch; tree: alder; tree: willow; visit*čaŋq-
216ankle; bone; chin; cord; foot; heel; leg; marrow; muscle; shin; sinew; skin; spot; thigh; haunch; turn; vertebrae; work*čaŋq-/*čoŋq-
217abuse; breathe; crave; dash; despair; difficulty; fail; marry; meet; poke; river; rush; unable; unbearable; up; uphill*čant-
218badly; poorly; improperly*čaŋut
220INTJ (damnǃ); Tungus*čaqan-
221cold; eat; fish; freeze; frost; ŋovember; snow-crust; spring*čaːqə
222back; inside out*čaːqəðə/*čaːqəntə
223adroit; craft; craftsman; ladybird; master; skillful; workerčaqti
224choke*čara-/*čaða-
225regards*čarariːl/*čaðaðiːl/*čaðariːl/*čaraðiːl
227bend; curve; stumble; twist; zigzag*čarqə-
228bowl; cup; mugčaša
229bowl; cloth; cup; glass; hook; saucer; sledgečaška
230disease; joint*čaːtikaː
231poor*čaw-1
232arrow; quiver*čaw-2
233frighten*čaw-3
234champ; gurgle; loud; low; quiet*čaw-4
235snow; hoar-frost; snow-drift; snow-frost; spring*čawa/*čowo
237sinew*čeː
238flash; gleam*čeče-
239bird: kite*čeɣen/*čeŋkən
240deep; depth; low*čeɣinmə
241bird: eagle*čejeŋ
242close; far; long; move; old*čejl-
243purpose*čejnč’eː
244trill*čejnt-
245cold; cool; frost; winter*čel-
246sob*čel’-
247avoid; experience; force; suffer*čel-
248end; ready*čeme-
249artery; blood; soup; vein*čeːmə
251fly; frighten; rush*čen-
252pull; push*čenč’-
253cheerful; dress; gaiety; interesting; joke; mock; nice; rest; sympathise*čeńe-
254ask*čeːneː-
255beautiful; quiet; tender; calm; kind*čeŋt-
256tree: bird-cherryčerëmuxa
257across; unmercifullyčerez
259trapčerken
262honourčest’
263quarterčetvert’
264tundra; valley*čew-/*čemp-
265finish*čewes-/*čempəs-
266bag; pocket*čiː 1
267crowd; people*čiː 2
268fish: eel*čičeri
269squirrelčiːdaɣa
270ill; limp*čiɣir-/*čiŋkir-
271sorrow*čikam- ?
272home*čil’-
273bedding; bough; branch; fuel; needle; pine-cone*čilkə
275chin; lip; cheek*čimeː
276horsehair*čiːmə
278rankčin
280boot; calf; muscle*činč’ə 1
281coat; piece*činč’ə 2
282bird: lark; bird: snipe*čindi
283beam; cut; inclined; pole; put; snag; tree*čine-
284dark; late; night*čiŋičə-
285mouse*činipəndə
286arbalest; cock; flea; jump; shoot; spray; trigger*čirčə-
287die; drill; drown; extinguish; low; painful; plummet; sink; slide; take*čire-
288bird; egg; pr. (a man)*čiremə-/*čiðemə-
289all; entirely; clean; finish; root outčisto
290along; bed; catch; duration; file; fish: whitefish; lengthen; long; narrow; penis; sea-horse; short; snake; straighten; stretch*čite-
291snow*čiw
292bird: hazel-henčiž
294pit; pole*čoː 1
295boiler; chain-mail; frying-pan; gun; iron; metal; lock; muzzle; pincers; pulse; spray*čoː 2
296INTJ (approve); approval*čoː 3
297ago; already; always; ancient; April; decay; decrepit; far; great-grandfather; greedy; ogre; old; olden; tale*čöː
298spring*čoːɣəj-/*čoŋqəj-
299infect*čoɣ-/*čoŋq-
300across; bird: hawk; bird: owl; blade; break; butt; carry; cross; cut; divide; go; ill; jerk; knife; meat; mince; net; precipice; raft; riverbank; separate; sheath; stone; underwear; wall*čoɣo-
301care; own*čoɣo-/*čoŋqə-
302fur*čoɣurčə/*čoŋqurčə
303stone*čoɣuriː/*čoŋquriː/*čoɣuðiː/*čoŋquðiː
304neat; separate; tie*čoɣut-/*čoŋqut-
305hill; oblique*čoːjə
306bird: godwitčökčöŋe
307absolutely*čökoːju
309add; cut; join; put; waist; whole*čolo-
310accidentally*čoloːlək
311ice-hole; move; push; spike; stir*čolqə
312berry: currants; bird: hawk; hare*čolqərə
313aorta; aunt; beat; berry: cloudberry; big; bird: raven; bird: swan; brother; cousin; elk; feed; firm; fish: sheefish; for; great-grandmother; high; honour; humiliate; knife; meat; possess; prince; respect; smallpox; spoon; star; teenager; thumb; tsar; uncle; very; water-rat; will*čomo-
314back; forest; fringe; grove; hill; hollow; leg; pit; slope; top; vertebrae*čömö-/*sömö-
315cover*čompəčə
316all; destroy; die; every; everybody; pretend*čömu
317fat; frill; taste*čoŋ-
320spend spring*čöːnəč-
321chirp; close; comer; fast; flatten; hurry; jingle; menstruate; miser; move; narrow; path; press; quick; reindeer; sharp; sharpen; shrivel; sound; speed; stingy; thin*čöŋkə-
322repent; sob*čoŋolə- 1
323again*čoŋolə- 2
324except; without*čöːnt
325deepčopka
326beetle*čoːqiń
327cauldron; vessel*coqo-
328return*čor- 1
329fat; firm; glade; glow; hard; loud; strong; tundra*čor- 2
330calm; quiet; slow; twinkle*čör-
331whirlwind*čoːr/*čoːð
332bird: goose; pr. (a lake)*čoːrqə
333plate; dish*čorowə/*čorompə
335bird: scoter; sea*čow-
336arrow; spear*čowinə
337catch*čowlə- ?
338firm; frighten; narrow; slow; tight; tighten*čowrə-
339light*čöːtə-
340catch; circle*čöwöč/*čömpəč
341body; flesh; herd; meat; relative; skin*čuː-
343scraperčučun
344ghost; queerčudit’
345hiss*čuɣ-/*čuŋk-
346beat*čuɣirə-/*čuŋkirə-/*čuɣiðə-/*čuŋkiðə-
347jump; near; road; walk; way*čuɣö
348chipmunk*čuɣur-
349care; protect; save*čuːj-
350Chukchičukčə
351ermine; weasel*čula-
352twitter*čulč’ə-/*čuljə-
353leap*čule-
354sackčum
355maid*čumoːjiː
356angle; fish; rod*čumučə
357curve; pattern; runner*čuŋðinčə
358advise; clever; count; dream; intelligent; kind; memory; mind; mood; numerous; opinion; read; think; thought; true; wise; woman*čuŋe-
359blow; ring; strike; whistle*čuŋk-
360fall*čuŋnə-
361send*čuntə-
362narrow; point; sharp; sharpen; tree*čupo-
363neighbour*čuːrk-
364reindeer*čurqə
365spit*čus-
366dive*čuwa-
367house; stovečuwal
368peep*čympə-
369merry-go-round; revolve; squeak*čyq
370knife*čyrkə-
371drip; drown; flee; sink; spray*čysčə-
372purse*čywo-/*čympə- ?
373but; still; yetdaɣany
374thank Goddaj-bog
376let usdavaj
379strong; very muchdelbi
381row*deːrpə-
382howeverdie-
384indeeddiŋneːq
385extraordinary; miracle; odd; surprise; wonderfuldivo
387bottomdničše
388vaindobrovol’no
389butterflydoːqal
391boarddoska
392leisuredosug
393muchdo-togo
395teasedraznit’
396shotdrob’
397if; whetherduː
399archduga
400fooldurak
401yes; INTJ (ohǃ)*e
402drop; float; flow; intercourse; melt; spawn; swim; swing*eː-/*weː-
403brother; cousin; father; uncle*ečeː
404attack*ečkə-/*wečkə-
405bird: bullfinch; drift; instrument; lie; melt; mosquito; pool; snow; spade; thaw; warm*eð-
406answer; call*eð-/*ent-/*weð-/*went-
407run*eːð-/*eːnt-/*jeːð-/*jeːnt-/*weːð-/*weːnt-
408beat; help; path; rag; rising; step; stirrup; walk; wolf; yard*eɣ-
409withers*eɣ-/*eŋk-
410recover*eːɣ-/*eːŋk-/*jeːɣ-/*jeːŋk-
411pendant*eɣńeː-/*weɣńeː- ?
413lean*eɣuj-/*eŋkuj-
414tired*eɣumə-/*eŋkumə-/*weɣumə-/*weŋkumə-
415across; and; both; far; here; if; object; opposite; perhaps; really; reply; say; self; there; this; way*ej- 1
417attack; catch; dash; drive; fall; feel; get; net; rain; shoot; take; throw*ej- 2
418absent; be; body; die; disappear; end; grave; live; mortal; nothing*əj
419snort*ej-/*wej-
421bow; string*eje
422bear; elk*eːjə/*jeːjə/*weːjə
424cross; wade; pass*ejkir-
425INTJ (threatening); afraid; timid; shy*ejl’ə-
426for; pay; price*ejmə
427stare*ejmə-/*wejmə-
429spirit*ejnč’iː/*wejnč’iː
430brother*ejn-/*jejn- ?
431boat*ekč-/*wekč-
432cousin; sistereken
433INTJ (goodǃ); darling; wife*el- 1
434ground; plain; reindeer; smooth; weather*el- 2
435passage*еl’-
436ago; bald; bare; bit; blunt; bone; boring; brave; breathe; calm; cheerful; Chukchi; clear; clearing; close; cloud; cold; deaf; delay; devil; direction; dull; dumb; empty; finger; fish: lenok; forbid; gentle; glade; hardly; healthy; hero; lack; little; miss; much; mushroom; naked; no; numerous; orphan; pale; pipistrelle; plant; poor; pregnant; quiet; safe; senseless; some; spirit; stay; stocking; undress; unknown; unload; use; weather; witty*əl
438disappear; finish; end; lose; swallow*ele-
439how; indeed*ele/*wele
440try; enough*el’emtə-
441not careful; misfire*eler-
442child; first; while*el’i
444healthy*elk-
446man; person*elt-/*ilt-/*jelt- ?
447tiring; boring; punishment*eltəl-/*weltəl-
448pass*eluc-
449bird: grouse; birthmark; black; blackness; cloud; dark; darken; forest; grove; island; light; moon; night; spend; surround; West*em-
450cousin; sibling; sister; young*emč’ə/*emjə
451girl; mother; step-mother; wife*eme-
452suddenly; unexpectedlyemiske
453impregnate*emləkə-
454shoulders*empə/*wempə
455dampness*empəkeː
456gap-toothed*emt-
457cureemteː-
458this*en- 1
459ask; beg; persuade; propose; want*en- 2
460alarm; anguish*en- 3
461abdomen; fireplace; palate*eŋ-
462log; pole; stump*eːn-/*jeːn-
463alive; animal; animate; artery; careful; eat; elk; fat; favour; feed; frill; life; live; rescue; resurrect; safe; satisfy; use; ward*enc’-
465defecate; excrement; punish; toilet*enč’ə/*jenč’ə
466afraid; fear; frighten*enč’oː-
467address; butterfly; mother; woman*eńe
468reindeereːni
470backwards; collar; East; feather; head; hole; mane; space*eŋk-
471too; very; INTJ (doubt)*enkə-
472happen*enmə-/*wenmə- 1
473attentive*enmə-/*wenmə- 2
474boring; INTJ (boredom)*eːnpə-/*jeːnpə-
475decorate*ensi-/*wensi-
476burn; flare; fire; wet*ent-
477sister-in-law; cousin's wife*eːnteː/*iːnteː
480opposite side*eːŋum-/*jeːŋum-
481skin; thin*enunńijə
482cousin; grandmother; great-grandmother; ladybird; husband's elder sister; sister-in-law*epeː
483clothing*epeː/*wepeː
484soil; dirty; stain*epel’ə-/*wepel’ə-
485bad; condescension; damnation; disdain; disgust; dislike; hate; humble; like; mud; soil; suspicious; syphilis; unfriendly; untidy; weight; worsen*er- 1
486answer; invite*er- 2
487graze; guard; hunt; hunter; secret; stockman*eːr-/*jeːr-
488sawerbeː-
489bird: goose; pr. (a Yukaghir clan; pr. (a female spirit)eːrbeːt
490key*erðə
491arrow; bird: grebe; branch; fish: whitefish; fork; frame; onion; prick; put; spread; step*ere
492only; soon; indefinite pronominal marker*ere/*were
493hope*eren-
494knife*erijəč/*weriyəč
495try; wish*erinč’-/*werinč’-
496boot; coat; invisible; sock*eːrkərə/*jeːrkərə
498Even*erpəjə
499four*erpəl’/*jerpəl’ ?
500throw*erplə/*jerplə ?
501thunder*esmə-/*jesmə- ?
503model marker (irrealis); possible*ət
504twelfth*ete ?
505winner*etem
506antetergen
507INTJ (surprise); INTJ (pity)*ettoː/*ettuː
508pr. (a woman)evdokija
509snow*ew-
510pr. (a man)*eweŋeː
511aunt; cousin; sister*ewnč’oː
512blow; snowstorm*ewnt-
513if*ewri
514child; presentiment*ewrin-
518formforma
520hatchetgatka
522scarfgavsik
524edge*girnaː
525clayglina
527yeargod
528usegodnyj
529ski; voicegolicy
530bend; hump-backed; stoopgorbun
531erminegornostaj
532towngorod
533visitgostit’
534preparegotovit’
535moneygrivna
536governorgubernator
537strollguljat’
538squeezehirbe-
540andi
541bird: snow-bunting*iččiɣirok/*iččiŋkirok
542belt*ičir
543sometimes*iðew-/*intəw-
544pole; saucepaniekečen/ieketen
545seamstress; sew*iɣ-
546belt; catch; depend; knot; loop; rope; stop; tie*iɣe-
547boot; lace*iɣirə-/*iŋkirə-
548cool; open*iɣit-/*iŋkit-
549stammer*iɣn- ?
550example; morning; stand*ije- ?
551tree: aspen*ijerə/*ujerə
552equally*ikin
553blood*ikiw-
554awful; fright; frighten; ghost*ikiwə-
555firm; harden; hardness; strengthen; strong*ikl’ə-
556flow; poor; shake; small; spill; sprinkle*il-
557herdsman; insect; milk; reindeer; wood*ile
558lean; push; stick*ile-
559awakeile
560argument; growl; scold*il’e-
561air; lee; smell; wind*il’ejə
562hiccup*ilič-
563smile*il’imp-
564greedy*il’k-
565cross-bar; wedge*ilkə
566graze; pastor; reindeer; Yakut*ilwə
567howl*iːlwə-
568five*im- 1
569clutch*im- 2
570dance*iːm-
572boring*iːmul-
573only*in
574brook; source*iń-
575afraid; aggressive; bear; frighten; scary; terrible*iŋ-
576kiss*inč’- 1
577directly; foresight; measure; rod; straight; try*inč’- 2
578day; here; modern; now; today; tomorrow; yesterday*inč’- 3
579alone*inč’eː
580bag; motley; sew; sinew; thread*iŋč’ə-
581raw; sap*inč’ə
582morning*inč’iɣ-/*inč’iŋk-
583custom*inč’ilwəj
584sledgeineŋ(e)
585another; apart; different; ignore; keep; separate; split; strange*iŋer
586there*iniɣərə/*iniŋkərə
587coat; lace*iŋl-
589late; new; other; renew; sometimes*iŋl’ə
590fat; thick*iŋl’ə-
591wolverine*inmə
592bad; evil*inni- ?
593sleeve*innin
594even*ińoːri
595cousin; uncle; brother*inteː
596allow; dangerous; forbid; INTJ (impossible!); quality; terrible*intə-
597earthworm*intə- ?
598besom; covering; fencing; floor; log*intələ
599fox*intənč’ə
600fresh*intlə- ?
601rock*iːreː
602gadflyirgat
603calf*iriðeː/*irinteː
604often; once; one; same; together; usually*irk-
605arrow-head*irkeːnč’a
606coat*irrenti ?
608deep; either; road; world*iskəl’ə
609gradual; time*iskom
610policeispravnik
611late; long; sometimes; tree*iːt-
612reindeeriːteːnken
614breast; breast-feed; broth; cream; dairy; milk; mother; nipple; nurse; smell; suck*iw- 1
615pole; reindeer*iw- 2
616moan*iːw-
617beggar; bird: owl; cry*iwe-
618fireplace; stick*iweːr
619three; triangle*ja-
620bark; sledge; tree: birch*jaː
621husband; master*jaðoː
622crook; lean; linger; staff*jaɣ-/*jaŋq-
623body; vertebrae*jaɣa/*jaŋqə
624son; young*jaj- ?
625eggjajco
626foxjájcol
628bag; drumstick; fish: crucian carp; lake; land; noise; ring; shamanize; tambourine*jalq-
629languid; inert; listless*jalt-
630postjam
631reach; source*jam-
632arbalest*jan-
633path*jań-
634punish; teach; learn*jana-
635axe*jaŋa ?
636forget*janaspə-
637comb; scratch; sharpen; wet; whetstone*janč-/*jonč-
638smoke; wood*jančə ?
639soup*jaŋlinč’ə
640jerk; linger; miss; run; run into; push; stick; stop*janmə-
641eat; pall*janpə-
642walk*jaːnqə-
643present; send; untie*jant-
644aunt; cousin; sister*jaːnteː
645beads; bird: loon*jantə-
646afraid*jantə- ?
647much*jantuqən
648offensive*jaŋuː-
649bird: white wagtail; herb; horse; horsemen; house; measure; mile; straw; Yakut*jaqa/*joqo
650far; further*jaqlə-
651sing; song*jaqtə
652crack*jar-
653bathe; boot; move; pull; push; root; shake; stir; stream; strike; stub; swim; swing; wade; writhe*jara- 1
654ornament; reindeer; thread; white*jara- 2
656satisfy*jaroːnč’ə-
657eye; fish: whitefish; freeze; hail; ice; reindeer; snow; window; worth*jarqə
658boxjaščik
659drive; good; honest; ridge; steer; straight; straighten*jata-
660ŋovember*jatnə ?
661left; South*jaw- 1
662direction; fork; path; road; side; South*jaw- 2
663all; completely; everything; tidy*jaw- 3
664menstruation*jawaː ?
665escape*jawrə-
666pole*jawučil/*jampučil
667angry; nerve*jawun-
668blind; cough; tuberculosis*jeɣ-/*jeŋk-
669abate; behind; far; further; pull; side; through; tree*jel-
670wear*jel’-
671boil; East; overcook; ripen; sun; sunrise; sunset; West*jeːl’ə-
672four*jelek-
673after; ago; far; further; opposite; Russian; tomorrow; year*jeːlkə-
674colour; paint; reindeer*jeŋ-/*jenk-
675husband; Yukaghir*jeńčə
676stone*jenč’i ?
677ghost; spirit*jeŋe
678fire*jeŋkilə
679appear; lightning; mark; reach; see; sign; thunder; thunderstorm; visible*jent-
680hook; long; throw; walk*jentə
681mix; place; plain; reindeer; shallow; shoal; substance; thin*jer-
682cut; log*jeremə
683load*jeremkuː
684by*jeril’
685disk; glass; light; sun*jerpəjə
686bump; kill; pole; tripod*jew-
688mane*jewulə/*jempulə
689beetle; brain; ceiling; chief; forehead; forty; hair; head; hesitate; January; master; peak; pet; pillow; shrew-mouse; sigh; skull; somersault; spear; spoil; tipsy; top*joː
691belt*jöː
692echo*joː-
693axe; chop; cut*jöː- 1
694blink; bom; check; devil; eye; eyebrows; eyelashes; eyelid; eye pupil; ghost; haze; introduce; like; look; maybe; nose; picture; prophet; puppy; reindeer; remembrance; see; shadow; show; spectacles; spirit; tear; wink*jöː- 2
695ass; piece; thigh-bone*joːčə
696finish; kill*joːɣə-
697bond; bundle; squirrel; tie; turn; wind*joðo-
698arrow; hit; quiver; wound*joɣo-
699flock*joɣurč’ə/*joŋqurč’ə
700cap; mountain; peak; precipice; riverbank*joj-
701alien; wild; wonderful*joj- ?
703dust; hag; idol; moss; tree; woman*jollə
704after; back; behind; finger; instead; last; leave; pass; remain; remainder; stay*jolo-
705oblong*jömč’ə
706around; fringe; intestine; spin; surround; turn; whirlpool*jömkə-
707abscess; ache; bad; coffin; death; die; disease; dress; ill; illness; pain; poor; scab; sore; spirit; wound*jompə
708notch; notice*jomtilə
709blanket; dream; forget; sleep*joŋčə-
710worth*joŋl-
711energetic; strong*jöŋnə-
712anger; angry; devil; evil; malicious*joŋo
713accurate; collect; pack; prepare; tidy; put together*jono-
714beak; cape; deceive; fox; kettle; nose; nostril; promontory; reindeer; snore; strangle*joŋq-
715mow*jonr- ?
716hat*jonur- ?
717pr. (a place); ravine*jöŋtə-
718hook*joːr
719glue; vessel*joːrčiː
720button; reindeer*joroŋqənč’ə
721bird: tumstone*jorontaː
722autumn; freeze; frost; ground; North; September; tundra*joːs
723rope*joːtə-
724fire; hill; taiga; toilet*joːwiː/*joːmpiː
725net; pole*jöwjə
726evening; fall; night;*jowlə
727ask; conspicuous; know; pray; prominent; question; sorry*jowlə-
728affection; beautiful; caress; dear; good; greetings; INTJ (poor!); love; miss; pardon; pity; reindeer; sorrow; sorry*jöwlə-
729shoulder*jöwluɣeːl/*jöwluŋkeːl
730back; pouch; waist*jowoɣə
731kiss; love*juɣ-
732cry*juɣinə- ?
733right*juɣul-/*juŋkul-
734excruciating; torture*juɣulwə-/*juŋkulwə-
735far; move*juːkə
736fishjukola
737cunning; offend*juːlə-
738escape*juːnə-
739tree*juŋk-
741burst; prick; piercejute-
742strong*juw- ?
743fish; meatjuxala
744kabargakabarga
745bird: willow ptarmigan; cry; pr. (a man)kabeːw
746ifkaby
747thank God!kabys’
748rockkadaːr
749kinship*kaɣijə/*kaŋkijə
751pincerskalibr
752trapkapkan
753yurt*kaːraː
754pencilkarandaš
755fish: crucian carpkaras’
756housekaraulka
757boatkarbas
758pocketkarman
759cardskarta
760porridge; soupkaša
762Cossackkazak
764eachkaždyj
767friend; other*keː
768accross; between; in the middle; slot; through*keː- 1
769mix; straighten; unbend*keː- 2
770berry: crowberry; devil; goblin; ogre; Russian; tree: willow; wolf*keðe-
772bring; give; news; taste*kej-
773before; defeat; do; earlier; finger; first; foresight; forwards; front; leader; one; outstrip; overtake; sledge*keːjə
774berry: bilberry; berry: cowberry; berry: cranberry; dry; fish; green; hot; numb; red; redden; swell; tree; wood; yellow*kejlə-
775high; intestine; thin*kejwə-
777darling*kekentə
778air; ancestor; chamois; come; wade*kel- 1
779burst; explode; jerk; pull; shoot; tug*kel- 2
780brother-in-law; sister-in-law*kel-
781worm*kelinč’ə
782bored; boring; lazy*kell-
783whim; pr. (a reindeer)*kemuɣoːr/*kemuŋkoːr
784bear; companion; company; friend; other; sometimes; turn*kene
785fence; hinder; obstruct; threshold;*keniwə
786amber*kenkə
787board; broad; broaden; spread; straighten; unroll*kenpə-
788obstinate*kent-
789sorry*keŋtə-
790part*kentəjə
791mistress*kentuː-
792family; summer*ker-
793bird: goose; drop; fall; moult; photograph; rush; slope; take; throw*ker-/*kir-
794boast; praise; proudly*kerč’-/*kerj-
795cut; piece; stickkerč’iː-
796roam; take off* kerč’il’ə/* kerjil’ə
797dress; fish: whitefish; scraperkerde
798bite; brake; break; chew; chip; crumb; crumble; crush; dress; flour; small; soft; tender*kerilə-
800far*keːrkə-
801broom; dangle; flap; remove; sweep; swing; wave*kerpə-
802dropsy; swell; tumour*kete-
803reindeerketem
804coat; shoe; sledge*ketniː
805beat; miss; stir*kew-
806bring; carry; clean; go; joggle; jump; leave; let go; shake; walk*kewe-
807jawkeweː
808coat*kewnč’ikoː
809thread; together; twin; two*ki-
810plummetkibas
811forbid; learn; study; talk into; teach*kič-
812coat; insect; June; mosquito*kičeː/ *kučeː
813gore; prick; stab; stick*kiɣe-/*kiŋkə-
814no way*kijin
815talk intokikser-
816hound*kil- 1
817calm*kil- 2
818fly*kile- 1
819vagrant; wade*kile- 2
820fall; roll; skim*killə-
821moss*kilpə/*kilwə
822fight; firm; please; tighten; troops; war*kimč’ə-/*kimjə-
823film; hide*kimer
824hundred; nine; ten; twenty*ki(m)n-/*ku(m)n-
825deceive; lie*kimtaː-
826nobody; somebody; who; whose*kin
827easy; fine; light*kinč-
828demon; evil-spirit; soul*kinč’ə
829languid; sleepy*kinč’il-
830month; full moon*kininč’ə
831fox*kinle
832skikiŋna
834cinema*kino
835disgust; drawback; dump; grudge*kiŋtə-/*keŋtə-
836knife*kire ?
837name; namesake*kirijə
838show; hide*kise-/*kiče-
839beginning; check; end; endless; finish; follow; forbid; prohibition; reach; stick; tail; till*kit-/*kič-
840reindeer*kitčaː
841choke; suffocate*kitńə-
842jealous*kittə-
843plane; shavingskiwe-
844fontanel; frail; head; thin*kiːwə-
845pincersklešči
846trapkljapcy
847lockključ
848book; stomachkniga
849princeknjaz’
850attack; chase; drive; fidgety; gallop; jump; leap; meeting; rush*köče-/*keče-
852gather; pull; tighten*köð-
855boy; brag; brother; cousin; drake; elder; fellow; herd; man; son; unmarried*köj
856stump*köjk-
857part*köjki
858break; brittle; embroil; hole; piece; rag; rubbish; split; tear*köjlə
859candle; fire; pollute; smoke*köjrinč’ə
860head; skull; young*köːkə
861hook*kökö-
862curvekokora
863polekol
864lean*köl-
865knot; snipe*köl’-
866ringkol’co
867navel; umbilicusköːləkeː
868hill; pr. (a mountain)*kölkə-
869door postkoloda
870prickkolot’
871nailkolotit’
872jump*köːlp-
873barkkolton
875ash; brushwood; dry; tree: willow*köːma
876skillful*köń-
877anvil; chop; crack; cut; forge; scratch; split; take; undo*köŋ-
878caterpillar; insect; larva; worm*könč’ə
879dismember; hill; pr. (a mountain); pr. (evil spirit); pr. (the river Shamanixa); rub; scratch; ski; spirit; stratch; strike; uneven*könčə-
880belt; tie*könč’ə
881nail*köːnč’ikil’
882larva; worm*köŋč’ilə
883candykonfeta
884stand still*köŋeː-
886straightenkönö
887stone*könöńči ?
888halo; ring*könpə
890boring; enough; right; straight; sufficient; time*könt-
891ash; birth; body; feeble; grave; host; human; husband; I; idol; kill; marry; oneself; own; people; person; relative; same; shadow; soul; throng*köntə
892bury; fight; handful; judge; keep; kill; lay; lay down; lazy; lie; man; miscarriage; murder; put; shadow; shroud*köntə-
893polekopylo
894bam; bury; cover*kör-
895enclosurekoral’
897Koriak;korjak
898run*körk-
899scull; stemkorma
900flea*körölə
901beadskoroi’ki
902cow; milkkorova
903myth; tale*korowoːl
904lungs*körp-
905fish: burbot; pr. (lake); lizard*körtl’eː
906concave; hallow; pan; troughkoryto
907crutcheskostyl’
908dig; pit*köt- 1
909fat; swell; thick*köt- 2
910bring; reach*kötkə- 1
911INTJ (how difficult!); problem; try*kötkə-2
912ladle; scoopkovš
915crosskrest
917crumb; crumblekrošit’
918roundkrugom
919grainkrupa
920steepkrutoj
921snow*kuː ?
922pretendkubulun-
923pilekuča
924ancestor; become; begin; beginning; change; do smth (INTR); family; gather; get up; great-grandfather; neat; origin; prepare; smart; tree; turn into*kuðe-
925chatter*kuðelə-/*kuntelə-
926intestine; liver*kuðenč’ə
927penis; testicle*kuɣe
928scream; shout*kuɣin- ?
929berry; bird: cuckoo; devil; evil; ghost; gun; rabid*kuk-
930sleevekukatan
931bird: Siberian jaykuːkeki
932bagkukuːl’
933bird: cuckoo; measurekukuška
934sackkul’
935hall*kuːl’ə
937fishkulebjaka
938boot*kulempə
939fox*kulempəj
940shin-bone*kul’ikaː
941bird: common woodcock*kultərkiː
942culturekul’tura
943since*kumun
944blue; day; grandfather; light; lightning; mother; rainbow; sky; sun; Universe; zenith*kunčuː
945container; glue; glutton; stick*kune-
946friend*kunilil
947bare; fur; pluck; shave; tear; tousle*kunkə-
948gadfly*kuŋkunč’eː
949dirt; dirty; mud*kunt-
950woodkuːntuk
951winkuot-
952merchantkupec
953clutch*kur-
954hat*kuraːtliː
955berry: cranberry; bird: white crane; coat; snipe*kurč’ə-
956amusekur’ëz
957fence; polekureː
958derision; zealous*kurelə-
959appear; ask; feel; know; notch; ornament; payment; question; remember; see*kuril’
960alwayskuruːk
961overtake*kuse-
962arrow; axekustuk
963cover*kuteː
964miscarriage*kutoːj
965grow*kuwe-
966rust*kuwe/*kumpə
967coatkuxljanka
968blacksmithkuznec
969whipkymńyː
971cure*kyqmərə-
973incenseladan
974repairladit’
975palmladoń
976upper body*l’aɣ-/*l’aŋq-
978skin*laɣal’ə-/*laŋqal’ə-
979tedious; tiring*laɣalə-/*laŋqəl’-
980canyon; lowland*l’aɣaw/*l’aŋqəw
981after; back; backwards; behind; butt-stock; camp; child; early; finger; last; late; leave; left; leg; muscle; offspring; rear; remainder; rest; stay; thigh; yurt*laja-
982barklajat’
983spleen*l’aːjə
984fight; soldier; war*lajn-
986bam; blanket; cover; pinch; platform; press; reserve; snow; throw*lalwə-
987dog*laːmə
988spear*lamp-
989lamplampa
990after*lampəl- ?
991bird: willow ptarmigan; coward*lampunmə
992low*lamtə-
993berry: bilberry; claw; puppy; ridelamut
994run*laːn-
995cover; smoke*lanč’-
996autumn; bird: goose; mosquito*l’aŋčə
997calm; gentle; slow*lanč’in-
998disarrange; disperse; half; lie; like; rare; ruffle; scatter; separate; side; spread; towards*laŋqə-
999bracelet; forearm; wrist*lant-
1000far; much*lantəqun
1001bird: northern shovelerlaptaŋa
1002anus; bird: Siberian jay; bottom; buttocks; dragon-fly; steer; tail*laq- 1
1003lung*laq- 2
1004also; approach; bring; come; get; reach; too; walk*l’aqa-1
1005slope; slot*l’aqa- 2
1006bend; elastic; fatiguing; inpatient; sickly; slow; tiring; tremble*l’ara-
1007root; tribe*larq-
1008ask*laːruntə-
1009hurry; rush*las-
1010bulge; bush; fur; hair; heap; thick*lasa-
1011good-naturedlaska
1013bird: scoter*latur
1014alcoholic; autumn; bucket; carry; cub; drink; drunk; hole; lake; lunch; scoop; smoke; source; water*law- 1
1015bastard; log; root; snag; trunk*law- 2
1016beneath; down; downstream; low; ŋorth*le-
1018approach; be; exist; have; indeed; independent; instead; life; place; what; without*l’ə-
1019bird: European wigeon; bite; eat; feed; food; fork; glutton; hook; March; poison; restaurant; skin; spoon*leɣ-
1020rush*leːɣə-/*leŋkə-
1021sound*leɣur-/*leŋkur-
1022know; nap; recall; remember; remind; riddle; understand*lej-
1023candle; candlestick; lamplejka
1024medicinelekarstvo
1025dangle; hang*l’el’-
1026growl*lelčə-
1027send*l’elpə-
1028how; something; time; what; why; work*leme
1029boss; brave; master; recovery; suitable*leml’ə
1031tooth*lemtəčə-
1032jump*lene-
1034dangle; droop; flutter; hang; rag; shaggy; wave*lenm-
1035bandlenta
1037smear*lepe- 1
1038break; chip; tear*lepe- 2
1039cakelepëška
1040bleed; blood; relative; stain; stomach; vein; ventricle*lep(k)-
1041game*lept-
1042girl*ler-
1043burn; touch*leːr-
1044dog; hair; hang; low; shaggy*lerpə-/*lerbə-
1045rag*lese-
1046flyletat’
1047berry; bird: lark; bowels; floor; flower; goblin; homeland; land; master; move; nature; roe; root; universe*leweː
1048hot; summer; warm*lewej-
1049bird: owl; hen-harrier*lewkeː
1050if; orli(bo)
1051reindeer*lič-
1052age; old; pension*liɣe-/*luɣe-
1053full (of food)*liɣíw-/*liŋkiw-
1054fortune*liɣiwə-/*liŋkiwə-
1055antler; fluffy; tender; soft*limpə-
1056furuncle*limpilinč’iː
1057mud; scum*liŋkə-
1058apart; crumble; fall; fill*lintə-
1059spade*liːpə
1060fur*lir-
1061back; band; belly; buttocks; fat; glutton; pregnant; stomach*l’ir- 1
1062delegate; rely*l’ir- 2
1063beetle; fever; frighten; nerve; shake; shaman; shamanize; shamanism; shiver; shudder; startle; tambourine; tremble*l’ir-/*l’er-
1064blow; draught*l’ire-
1065extrališnij
1066anvil; bare; beat; forge; hammer; keen; pierce; shave; strain; strike*l’ite-
1067divide; separate*liːtə-
1068light; move*l’itek-
1069accustomed; amusement; calm; comfort; entertain; late; miss; tedious*liwe-
1070ash; bird: owl; brushwood; chip; cut; down; fire; fire-brand; fireplace; flash; flint; intestine; kindling; log; poker; shavings; splinter; steel; stove; wood*loč-
1071amuse; beloved; carry; competition; entertain; tun; game; joke; marriage; out; play; wedding; win*l’oːðə-
1072down*l’oðo
1074call; elk; food; reindeer; roar; wedding*löɣ-
1075castrate*l’oɣ-/*l’oŋq-
1076salt*loɣo-
1077blood; rag; wash*loɣo-
1078root*loɣompoːr/*loŋkəmpoːr
1079fox*l’ökoːrə-
1080adopt; bring up; educate; lull; step-father; step-mother; upbringing*löl-
1081front; leg; skin; sledge; stick*lolimə
1083boil; speak; spray*lolqə-
1084damp; feathers; humid; moisture; shed*l’omč’ə/*lomjə
1085boot; gusset; shank; shin*lömp-/*lump-
1086big; fish; grow*l’öŋ- 1
1087bell; ring; tinkle*l’öŋ- 2
1088elklončak
1089wife*l’onč’uː/*l’ončuː
1090lung*lonlə ?
1091bored; perforated; wear*loŋnə-
1092open*l’oqqə-
1093bow*loŋqə ?
1094leave; separate; skin; take away*lont-
1095dance*loŋtə-
1097hook; hump-backed; instrument; nose; poker; shaman*loːqə
1098attack; quarrel*loːqə-
1099burst; float; get better; harsh; protrude; rise; violent; walk*loqo-
1100decrepit; difficult; suffer; unable*lог-
1101beautiful; fur; hat; luxuriant*lör-
1103ragloskut
1104dirty; pr. (a woman); soil*löt-
1105catch; trap; trylovit’, lovuška
1106suitablelovkij
1107drop; fall; precipice; take off*löw-
1108look*lowiða-/*lompiða-/*lowintə-/*lompintə-
1109catch; seine-net*lowo-/*lompə-
1110smoke*l’öwunč’ə-/*l’öpmunč’ə-
1111container; sack; spoonložka
1112bread; breath; faint; fire; flour; sand; sigh; smoke; spirit; stream*l’uː-
1113berry: currants; crust; Russian; syphilis; vodkaluːčaː
1115kindling*lučina
1116litter; tray*luɣur-/*luŋkur-
1117cleft; dew; earth; flat; goddess; ground; land; low; place; source; tomb*luk-
1118August; ball; berry: Arctic bramble; bird; bird: Baikal teal; bird: crow; bird: falcon; bird: goose; bird: snipe; child; ermine; February; lake; little; louse; measure; midge; mouse; pulse; pupil; rainbow; small; stomach; temple*l’uk-
1119arrow; bow*luki
1120howl*lul-
1121ice*lunč’-
1122cauldron; iron*lunt-
1123askance; askew; bend; crook; limp; slanting; swing; wry*l’uːrə-
1124awl; bore; crack; drill; hole; slot; star; understand*l’urk-
1125kill; wound*lutoːrə-
1126boring; disapprove; drink; drunk; fool; frill; laugh at; mad; make fun; spoil; stuff; stupid; tiring; wild*l’uw-
1127cough*luwe-/*lumpə-
1128blue*luwenč’ə-
1129grasp abruptly; shake; tremble*lympə-
1130fish: peled; pr. (a woman)*lymqə
1131jealous*l’yːnəɣə/l’yːnəŋqə
1132drink; rain; water*lyŋkə ?
1133dress; INTJ (how smart!); smart*lyŋnə-
1135eat*maː-
1136stepmothermačexa
1137cling; coat; hang; hem; sleeve*maɣ-
1138dandruff*maɣ-/*maŋq-
1139shopmagazin
1141berry: cloudberry*malč’ə/*maljə
1142asleep; camp; doze; quiet; silence; sleep; spend; water*mal-/*mol-
1145modal marker (agreement); modal marker (here it is; let us; however); close*maːlə
1146amaze; both; peer; strange; surprise*maːlə- 1
1147around; both; eight; opposite; side; six*maːlə- 2
1148bag*mamŋə-
1150rat*man-
1151freeze*mań- ?
1152protect*maːn-
1153braid; brain; comb; hair; head; jewelry, tress*manilə/*monilə
1154later*maqarun ?
1155fond; happiness; happy; lucky; spirit; wish*maːr- 1
1156turn out*maːr- 2
1157idle; INTJ (smth desired is not available); simple*mara-
1160bride-price; daughter; dowry; girl; lady-killer; maid; niece*marq- 1
1161move*marq- 2
1162once; one; only; sole; unique*maːrqə-
1163tree: birch*marqə/*morqə
1164bird: gullmartyška
1166carmašina
1167grass; rag*maskən- ?
1168buttermaslo
1169October*mat- ?
1170beammatnja
1171lasso; pr. (a man)maːwut
1172dipmaxat’
1173smearmazat’
1174wait*meː-
1175careless; here; more; ready; recent; similar; soon; speak*mə
1176coppermed’
1177careless; feel; hear; hearing; inform; learn; listen; loud; news; noise; smell; taste; touch; try; visit; wake*með-
1178stone*meːð ?
1179soon*meðiá
1180lingermedlit’
1181man*meɣečə/*meŋkəčə
1183ask; handle; lasso; marriage; take*mej-
1184prickly; splinter; thorn; wavy*mejðuwə/*mejðumpə/*mejntuwə/*mejntumpə
1185care; dangerous; INTJ (sorrow); not to hope; passion; protect*mejl-
1186elk; reindeer*mejl’inč’a
1187far; near; recent; soon; till; up to*meːkə
1188bone; breast; decoration*mel-
1189without teeth; without toothmeleku
1190blaze; flame; shavings*memčə-
1191pitted; speckled*memč’ə-
1192cook; give; prepare*memðə-
1193bear; grass*meː(meː)
1194go; modal marker (obligation); prepare; show; stretch*mempə-
1195awake; foresight; hear; news*men-
1196enter; parents*menč’-
1197bom; carry; fetch; grasp; handle; homeland; propose; seize; take; trade*menč’-/*minč’-
1198file; prickle; sharpen*menčə-
1199sledge; strap; bad voice*meːnč’iː
1200till*menemeː
1201better; enough*meːńɣəń-
1203Imenja
1204exchangemenjat’
1205fathom; measure*menjə
1206excrescence; growth*meńkə
1207rough*menkunčə-
1208frighten; jump; stamp*menmə-
1209flit; flutter; fly*mere-
1210drive off; keep off*meːrə-
1211melt; thaw; warm*merel-
1212visit*merenč’ə-
1213cartridge; charge; measuremerka
1214rough; horny*merkumə-
1215fire*meruː
1216disturbmešat’
1217lingermeškat’
1218smear; sweepmesti
1219placemesto
1220inform*met-
1221choke; confess; coquettish; cover; dry; go down; I; kill; lean; linger; mad; ready; reflexive marker; repent; skinny*mət
1223according; along; on*miːðə/*mintə
1224moss; needle*miðenč’ə
1225close; here; naive; near; recover*miɣe-/*meɣe-
1226Saint ŋicholass' day; Maymikola
1227right*miːlə
1228front; near; reach; side; this*miːlkə-
1229haremilúte-
1230antler*mim-
1231blood*minčə/*minč’ə
1232modal marker (maybe, possibly); you know; you see*minč’ək
1233anew; fresh; new; pr. (a river)*minč’ərpə-
1234float; raftmino
1236marry; wife*mirijə
1237bearmiška
1238we*mit
1239knife*miwe ?
1240custom; end; prepare; root; similarity*miːwə/*mimpə/*meːwə/*mempə
1241INTJ (hearing a suspicious noise); surprise*moː
1242belly; stomach*moč-
1245keep*moɣ-/*moŋq- 1
1246coat; dandruff; dog; down; hair*moɣ-/*moŋq- 2
1247adult; old*möːɣə-/*möŋkə-
1248earflap; face; front; hat; marry (INTR); peak; trimming; woman*moɣo
1249beam; bitch; boss; eye; handle; hold; keep; magic; master; nail; notch; obstacle; possess; reindeer; stroke; touch; wife*moj- 1
1250blend; confuse; fuss; grease; hold; knead; mix; muddle; smear; splash; tangle; upset; wipe*moj- 2
1251flabby; soft; soften; walk; work*moja-
1252dead body*mojo-
1253body; bosom; groin; lace; trunk*mol- 1
1254pus; rot; skin; spoilt (INTR)*mol- 2
1255almost; little; means; modal marker (by no means); nearly; only; seem; short; vain*mol- 3
1256champ; chat; mumble*molč’ə-/*moljə-
1257gadfly; reindeer*moll’ə
1258moan*mollə-
1259row*mol’l’ə-/*mol’o-
1260choke; suffocate*mollinč’ər-
1261glove; mitten*molonč’ə
1263cord; eight; entrails; generation; hollow; joint; knee; middle; rob; six; trick; walk*molqə
1265intestine*moːmina
1266milk*momo ?
1267as if; hope (INTR); interrogative verb; legend; say*mon-
1268child; pregnant; stomach*moń-
1269intended; prospective marker*monč-
1270ski; tree: poplar*monč’intiː
1271fist; kidney*mońm-
1272short; shorten (INTR)*monmə-
1273wave*mońŋə- ?
1274stone*moŋo ?
1275moss; moufflon; pr. (a star); spectacles; spider*monoɣə
1277female bird*moŋojiː
1278pool; whirlpool*mońor
1279arrow; buzz; drone; knock; lightning; noise; ring; thunder; thunderstorm*möŋör
1280ball; hat; hill; peak; pr. (a man); reindeer*monqə
1281netmoŋqo
1282defecate; live; move; place; put; seat; sit*monte-
1283fish: whitefish; pr. (a place)*moːqə
1285piece; portion; protrude; spherical*moqlə
1286trapmorda
1287fish: minnow*morɣull’un
1288carry; climb; dress; pull on; put on; string; thrust; wed*moro-
1289with what*moroðə/*morontə
1290climb; travel*morončə-
1291landscape*morqilə
1292bag; scrotummošonka
1293unbend; cut*mot-
1294already; as early as; as late as*moti-
1295cunning; pr. (a woman)*motuːkə
1297all; diverse; various*mučin
1298suffermučit’
1299go further; leave behind; pass by (INTR)*muðe-/*muntə-
1300portage; pr. (a mountain)*muðunč’-/*muntunč’-
1301wisemudryj
1302East; hill; stone*muɣ-
1303undress (INTR)*muɣe-/*muŋkə-
1304yard*muɣi/*muŋki
1305arm; finger; lip; thump*muɣö
1306reproach*mujerə-
1307bite off*mujiɣə-/*mujiŋkə-
1308have difficulty; try to do (INTR)*mujlə-
1309blunt; cut; knife; shortmukti
1310expectorate; resin; saliva; split*mull’ə
1311bird: owl; buzz; drone; hum; mumble; mutter; propeller; weathercock*mumčə-
1312appearance; event; manner; matter; reason; story; way*mump-
1313blunt; cut off; incomplete; reindeer; sharp; short*mumpə-
1314clever; soft; untempered; weak*muń-
1315fish: grayling*munč’-
1316stalk; unsteady*munč’ə-
1317otter*munč’əŋ
1318fish: minnowmunda
1319cheek; chew; eat; inlay; jaw; pr. (a man); work*munenčiː
1320fetch; pick up*munt-
1321carry; drag; last; year*munte-
1322burst; cut off; pole*mur-
1323boot; moss; put on; rope; shoe; stocking*mure
1324diverge*mure-
1325taiga; thicket*murɣə
1326horsemuren
1327hard; imitation; modal marker (neglect); pretend*mut-
1328tree*mut ?
1329turbidmutnyj
1330churn; shake upmutovka
1331bag*muttiː
1332museummuzej
1333caravan; March; nomadise; ride; roam; train; walk; wander*myðo-
1334bow*mygam/*myŋqəm ?
1335start; take; understand*mym-
1336bird: owlmyšelovka
1337brother; brother-in-law; daughter-in-law; lover; parent-in-law; sister-in-law; son-in-law; wife*ńaː-/*ńaj-
1338boatnaboj
1339timena-čas
1340against; back; bird: tern; bird: willow ptarmigan; bow; chamois; chin; complain; contradict; cross; elk; face; fish: burbot; fish: goby fish; flat; greet; handsome; head; image; kerchief; linen; mask; meet; mirror; opposite; pale; part; pit; pray; return (INTR); steep; thread; towel; trick; veil*ńaːčə
1341blade; dart; fall; javelin; pierce; point; sharp; stick; stingy; thrust; whet*ńaːčə-
1342beginnačinat’
1343enough; nothing left; that's all*ńaːð-/*ńaːnt-
1344autumn*ńaːðə
1345hopenadejat’sja
1346must; need; ought to; tribute; urinatenado
1347medicine; need; remedynadobno
1348lack; left; like; more; overpower; prefer; resembling; spare; superfluous; unnecessary*ńaj-/*ńan-
1349elk*ńajmə- ?
1350agreeable; best; nice*ńajntə-
1351too; verynahaː
1352anvil*nakoval’nja
1353rub; wear*ńal’-
1354midgeńalaɣaj
1355bird: goose; duckńaːlgačaːn
1356stream*nalič’ə ?
1357sin*ńall’ə
1358autumn; winter*nallə ?
1359wide*ńamnə-
1360ajar; INTJ (how widelyǃ); open; swing*ńampə-
1361dirty; foam; thaw*nampur
1362champ*ńamqə-
1363berry: bilberry; blush; gold; red; reindeer*ńamučə-
1364chest; cloth; collar-bow; pit; pocket; rest; skin; strap*naːn
1365fall unwell; fat; INTJ (how tastyǃ); luscious; oil; overeat; sickly; taste*ńan- 1
1366big; excess; great; increase; more*ńan- 2
1367devil; ghost; mistake; ritual; sin; speak*ńań-
1368put*ńańajði-/*ńeńajnt-
1369press*ńanč’-
1370arch; basket; bird: yellow-breasted bunting; bud; bush; elk; hare; headland; net; shrub; thicket; tree: willow; twig*ńanmə
1371face*naŋo- ?
1372on purpose*ńanqəmu
1373fox*ńantim- ?
1374always; apart; especially*naːr
1375patch*ńaːr
1377beam; hollownaːrba
1378bad; buttocks; deteriorate; nasty; shaggy; sorrow; spoil; stink; thin; vagina; vodka; wine*ńaːrčə
1379castratenaːraː
1380back; erect; hang; jerk; lean; lie; lift; lowering; sag; tumed-up*ńarpə-
1381coat; foal; reindeer*ńarqə
1382sledgenarta
1383hardlynasilu
1384throughnaskvoz’
1386back; column; December; fish: burbot; hair; January; midwife; navel; ridge; stick*ńatńə-
1387weak*naːw-
1388beautiful; bird: bullfinch; board; clay; fox; hunt; light; milt; reindeer; stick; white; whiten*ńaːwə-
1389string*ńawńeːkəj ?
1390peak; pull*nawyska
1391gland*ńeː- 1
1392agreement; ask; beg; call; say; speak; story; talk; tell*ńeː- 2
1393age; appointment; argument; attack; bag; between; bird: reeve; boa; both; brother; buy; compete; competition; customer; do; double; enemy; exchange; five; flow; friend; husband; identical; jumble; lawsuit; leave; like; line; live; meet; nine; put; reciprocal marker; reconcile; reindeer; relative; respect; row; scarf; shy; sibling; side; sister; six; squint; to and fro; together; uncle; underwear; vengeance; wife; year*ńə- 1
1394empty; no one; negative pronominal marker; nothing; nowhere; stand; strange; terrible; uneven; unequal*ńə- 2
1396coal; flame*ńeðonə- ?
1397weeknedelja
1398dark; light; twilight*nejɣumə/*nejɣŋkumə
1399cloud*nejin
1400hammer*ńekijoːq
1401lick*ńel-
1402feed; present*neleča
1404fringe*nellijə
1405apron; cloth*ńelpə
1406cut hair; shave; skin; work*ńelpə-
1409hare*ńeːmə ?
1410dumb*nemoj
1411dusky; gloomy; purulent*ńemučə-
1412exhaust; weak*ńeŋanč’ə-
1413bite; gnaw*nenč-
1414plain*ńenč’ə-
1415die; diminish; fall; finish (INTR)*ńeńe-
1416always; yesterday*neŋkenčə-
1417stomach; tassel*nenkilə
1418flirt*ńenm-
1419as if*ńeńoːðə/*ńeńoːntə
1420amuse*nenunč’ə-
1421darling; little*neppə-
1422certain; sure*nepremenno
1423ache; bite; separate*ner-
1424clothes; peel; rag*ńeːr
1425four*ŋəra’-q
1426fish*nerčaː
1427tool*ńerčə
1428bare; beat; emaciate; exhaust; faint; lean; strike; thin*nere-
1429hill; pr. (a place)*nerilə
1430dusky; gloomy; shadow*ńerkumə
1431sealnerpa
1432world*ńerpə-
1433fox; hunt; wolverine*ńetl’ə
1434reallyneušto
1435frighten; horrify; hysterics; nerve; startle; terrify*newrə-
1436springńewta
1437antler*ńeːwut/*ńeːmpu
1438fire; warm*ńiɣ-/*ńiŋk- 1
1439bend; close; let close; shake; snow; stoop; walk*ńiɣ-/*ńiŋk- 2
1440heavy*niɣej-/*niŋkəj-
1441curtain*niɣiriː/*niŋkiriː
1442nobody*ńil-
1443breath; seek; tend*ńilč’-/*ńilj-
1444skin*ńile-
1445INTJ (about a smiling person); smile*ńiliw-
1446fly; larva; maggot; louse; nit*nillə
1447deplore; moan; mourn*nillə-
1448boardnimba
1449patch*ńimč’ə-
1450ceiling; chamois; covering; dwelling; family; fire; fringe; host; house; housewife; hunt; live; log; marry; master; mist; noise; owner; pitch; pole; roof; settle; sledge; street; yard; yurt*nime
1451cloth*nime-
1452aunt; cousin; mix; orphan*niːmə
1453extinguish; go out; put out*ńimeː-
1454clerk; design; desk; file; ink; letter; ornament; pattern; secretary; surname; write; writer*nimelə
1455bile; stomach*nimenč’-
1456fontanel; shadow; skinńiːmet
1457straits*ńimoːjə
1458furuncle*nimpilinč’iː
1459apron; bag; belt; blank; breast; caviar; child; cloth; decoration; entrails; fur; gird; heart; kind; middle; moan; opposite; roe; soul; stomach; stripe; tassel; uterial; vomit; worry*niŋ-
1460smooth; stroke*ńinč’-
1461push*niŋe-
1462city; herd; increase; many; much; we*ninkə-
1463autumn*ńińonč’ə
1464what*nintə-
1465human; man*nirčə
1466stick*nite-
1467different*niw-
1468swampnjaša
1469riddleŋenuken
1470see*noː- 1
1471clean; scrape; scratch; snuff; sweep; yurt*noː- 2
1472belt; braid; hide; rope; spin; twist; weave*ńoː-
1473laugh; smile*nöː-
1474sledge*nobоkə-/*nompəkə- ?
1475expense*nočoč-
1476push*nočqə-
1477tea-potńöčeruk
1478descendant*ńoːð-/*ńoːnt-
1479two-fold; two-layer; mixture; pass*ńontə-
1480assistant; graze; guard; guest; keep; observe; servant; visitor*noɣ-
1481bundle; lasso; sledge; string; thimble*noɣ-/*noŋq-
1482fish: salmon*noɣeː/*noŋqeː
1483reindeer; rope; stick*ńoːɣə/*ńoŋqə
1484belt*nöɣijə/*nöŋkijə-
1485bed; curve; pillow; pillowcase; rug; wedge*noɣo-/*noŋqə-
1486bird: loon; foot; leg; marrow; rope; shin; skin; tip*noj-
1487liquid; mash; mess; pulp*ńoj-
1488horse-tail; pr. (a lake)*ńoːjə
1489sag*ńojoɣə-/*ńojoŋkə-
1490bird: willow ptarmigan; tree: poplar*nol-
1491bird: duck*ńolo-
1492antler; bird: goose; bird: northern pintail; bird: swan; human (in folklore); instrument; man (in folklore); neck; obstinate; scarf; stubborn; vertebrae*ńom-
1493belt; catch; cover; fish; freeze; narrow; pinch; place; press; sack; squeeze; strong; tighten*ńöm-
1495different*nomoð-/*nomont-
1496trot*ńomtə-
1497arrow; bow*non-
1498blue; green*ńoŋ-
1499exhaust; quiet; slow; weak*nončə-
1500chamois; curtain; leather*ńonč’ə-
1501fish*ńonč’ijə
1502fringe; pr. (a man)*ńoːnč’ijə
1503butt log; handle; shaft; thorn*nono
1504loop; put; snare; trap*nono-
1505leg*nono ?
1506what for; why*noŋoːn
1507sideways*ńonoːrə-
1508catch*nonont-
1509bend; hump-backed; stoop*nonq-
1510pipe; smoke; tobacco*nonqə
1511ash; dust; sand; smoke; stir*noŋqə
1512bird; bird: duck; bird: owl; egg; pr. (a river); reindeer; shell; tax; wolf*nontə
1513drag; trail*nontə-
1514free; pull; stick; tear off; unstuck*ńoqo-
1515rush; Russian; sable*noqsə
1516pick*nör-
1517stick*noːrə
1518knife*ńoːriɣill’ə/*ńoːriŋkill’ə
1519reindeerńoːrkan
1520brushwood; crack; crunch; gnaw; notch; rough; twig*nörkə-
1521skin*ńorńik
1522burst; crack; creak; squeak*noro-
1523hill*ńoro
1524copper; INTJ (how yellow!); yellow; yolk*ńoro- 1
1525berry: cloudberry; bird: snipe; friable; lake; lichen; moss; pasture; pool; snipe; swamp*ńoro- 2
1526budge; crook; curl; grip; irritate; irritation; jerk; rub; show up; twist; wrinkle*norqə-
1527reindeer*ńorqoːjə
1528accurate; beautiful; diligent; smart*not-
1529frown; mean; tree: willow; ugly; unprepossessing; vertebrae*notnə-
1530fork*ńoːw- ?
1531scissorsnožnicy
1532name*ńuː
1533fight; find; kill; meeting*nuɣ-
1534day; light; morning*nuɣ- ?
1535bind; wrap*ńuɣe-/*ńuŋkə-
1536half-brothers*ńuɣeː-/*ńuŋkeː-
1537become; behave; make; place; put; rob; take*nuɣö-/*nuŋkə-
1538apron; cloth; fur; rib; side; thigh; wall*ńuɣörə/*ńuŋkərə
1539stagger*ńuːjə-
1540crowd; pack*nulińčə
1541always; before; constantly; last; long since; nothing*num-
1542nomadize; overdo; stop; suffer; torture; vanish*ńum-
1543beard; chin; eyebrow; fish: salmon; jaw; protect*ńumč’ə
1544everything; whole*ńumčə-
1545ford; shallow; shoal*ńumð-
1546pity*numt-
1547gall; salt; sour; vodka*ńumunč’-
1548axe; butt*ńumunč’iː
1549saddle-bag*ńumur-
1550fish: sheefish; pr. (the river Rassoxa); pr. (Yukaghir Uškan clan)*nunkə
1551arm; armful; bracelet; elbow; hand; sleeve*ńuŋkən/*ńuŋen
1552child; coffin; double; dream (INTR); kingdom; larch; reindeer*nuŋn-/*ńuŋn-
1553skin; thick*nunńə-
1554bird: cormorant*nuːnqi
1555emit*ńuŋurə-
1556put; setup*nuse-
1557root*nuːwə
1558need; poornužno
1560fall off; rot*ńyl-/*ńil-
1561weapon*nyma
1562competition; fight; push*nyŋ-
1563head*nyna-?
1564ajar; grin; growl; howl; squeal*nynčə-
1565destroy; finish; melt; spend*ńynč’ə-
1566different; various*ńyŋo-
1567drop; fall; fall down; kill; knock down*ńyŋq-
1568snow*nypor
1569vomit*ńyr- 1
1570separate*ńyr- 2
1571not to give up (INTR)*nywa-
1572bench; coffin; pack; platform; shed*nywojə
1573change*nywolə- ?
1575trousers; underpants*oː
1576laddle; scoop*oː-
1577bird: goose; birth; bom; child; cradle; deliver; egg; female; fondle; godfather; gossip; grandchild; moss; nestling; placenta; uterus; wood; young; youth*öː
1579coatobuka
1580alternate; change*oð-/*ont-
1581frost; hoary*oːðə
1582howeverodnako
1583vesseloččə/*otčə/*otjə
1584glassesočki
1585day after tomorrow*očojə
1586groove*oɣ-/*oŋq-
1587jut; look; peep; peer*öɣe-/*öŋkə
1588guard*oɣo-/*oŋqə-
1590walk*oɣorə-/*oŋqərə-
1591spine*öɣur
1592aspen; boot; fish: grayling; foot; fortress; leather; leg; ruff; shoe; ski; sole; stocking; tree: poplar*öɣur
1593arrow; back; fork; hook*oɣunpə/*oŋqunpə/*oɣunwə/*oŋqunwə
1594angry; bark (INTR); foresee; ill*oj- 1
1595leave*oj- 2
1596ice-hole; pr. (a Yukaghir clan); pr. (the river Omulëvka)ojbon
1597elbow; fish: sturgeon; leech; March; penis; pierce; point; reduce; sharp; sharpen*öjčə
1598ice-hole; riverbank*ojðəɣə/*ojntəɣə/*ojðəŋə/*ojntəŋqə
1599father*oːjə ?
1600berry; hare; pr. (a star)*öjeɣə/*öjeŋkə
1601bless*ojmin ?
1603February*ojput- ?
1604game*öjuŋeː
1605bone; burst; channel; drill; hat; hole; pierce*ök-
1606disorder*ökičə- ?
1608windowokno
1610yes*ökt ?
1611fish: perchokuń
1612chip; stick; tree: larch*оl’- 1
1613disjoin; edge; part; share; vertebrae*ol’- 2
1614barrier; edge; fencing; frame; jamb; past*öːl
1615boat; pr. (a hill); tomb*ölč’ə
1616bum*oːlə- ?
1617careful; know; mad; no use; nothing; say; see; somehow; something; stupid; vain*ölem
1618cauldron; shovelolguj/algyj
1619lazyöline
1620circle*oːliw-
1621period; run*ölkə-
1622stick*olloːjə
1623always; completely; indifferent; just; placid; very; without purpose*olmən
1624cut*ol’o-
1625steal; take; thief*olo-
1626cry*olo-/*jolo- ?
1627bone; fin; fish; ladle; lake*ol’oɣə
1628lazy*olonč-
1629tinolovo
1630mistress; prostitute*olpəl’ə/*olwəl’ə
1631shavings; stick; tree*olput/*olwut
1632basis; fair; not; quite; smooth; straight*olq-
1633cripple; hardly; limp; little*olqə-
1634abate; calm down; settle; small*olqaj-
1635crack; split (INTR)*olt-
1636understand; realise*oltič-
1637male*olujərqə
1639saddle; skin; strap*ömkə 1
1640colour*ömkə 2
1641bitch*omnuɣə/*omnuŋkə
1642alien; ancient; old; people; tribe*omo
1643accurate; better; care; correct; cure; dare; doctor; gain; get on; good; healthy; leather; like; love; medicine; mill; nice; reconcile; safe; skin; smell; soft; strengthen; treat; well; wish*omo-
1644lose*omoɣə-/*omoŋkə- ?
1645ashamed; embarrass; modest; right; shame; shy; uncomfortable; unsuitable*omol-
1646at once; hurry; immediate; quick; soon*omt-
1647bad language*ömtə-
1648fish: Arctic ciscoomul’
1649crack; glue; hole; top; tube*oń-
1650inherit; inheritance*on-?
1651alike; bag; between; collect; fit; fool; harness; harvest; hope; mouthpiece; pursue; put; put on; sack; sheath; under; wear*oŋ- 1
1652reindeer*oŋ- 2
1653among; between; go walking; interval; split; under; walk*oŋ- 3
1654divide; each; every; night; one*ön- 1
1655channel; middle; pool; river; riverbank; river-bed; river-mouth; stream; whirlpool*ön-2
1656male bird; October; reindeer; stallion; testicle*ön-3
1657claw; disease; hoof; hooves; nail; skin*önč’-
1658damp; dew; drench; drop; frost; juice; moss; wet*onč’ə
1659bird: duck; drink; pour; sing; smoke; thirst; walrus; water*ončə-
1660go down; month; slope*öŋčə-
1661clay; earth; flour; ground; mound; pr. (a lake) sand*öninč’ə
1662fringe*önč’in-
1663satisfy*onč’itə-
1664long time*onimə- ?
1665ask; inform; news; will*oːnjə
1666bay; breakfast; camp; cloud; get up; keep; lift; morning; opposite; preserve; protrude; put; rag; raise; rein; stand; stand up; step; stick; stirrup; tomorrow; trample; trap; woman; yard; yesterday; yurt*öŋkə- 1
1667eat; feed*öŋkə- 2
1668antler; bone; butt; elk; horn; reindeer; skin*önm-
1669tree: larch; tree: willow*önmeː-
1670attentive; consciousness; intelligent; mind; remember; wise*önmə
1672drum; service*önmurə
1673praise*onn-
1674idol; shadow; silhouette*ono
1675saw; steal; take*ono-
1676walk*oŋo-
1677hill; river bank*oŋö
1678noise; sing*oŋoðə-/*oŋontə-
1679ask; beg; desire*oŋon-
1680door*onpə
1681damp; drench; fish; INTJ (how damp!); raw; reindeer; tree: larch; wet*oŋq-
1682lace*onrumujə
1683amulet; fee; gift; pay; present*ontə
1684bless; incantation*öntə-
1685fish: quillback fish*onučə
1686urinate; work*önus-/*enus-
1687pr. (a dragon or a snake in folklore)opletaj
1688INTJ (approval addressed to a child); ornament*opoː/*apoː
1689black*opoj ?
1690after; lateroposlja
1691bird: duck; pr. (a man)*oːqə
1692defect; fault; flaw; INTJ (fear); modal marker (doubt); modal marker (mirative); something; suddenly*oqo
1693always; everywhere; long ago; loungeoːqol’
1694bird: Baikal teal*ог-
1695come; go; roundabout; walk*oːr-
1696cry; shout; wail; weep*ör-
1697dirt; litter; mud*örč’ə/*örjə
1698bequeath; first; indicate; mean; set; point; prescribe; reproach; show*oːrə-
1699without a trace*oriri
1700lynx*örkəmpə
1701character; nature; temper*oroː-
1702sledge*oro-
1703widower*oro-?
1705central; finger; front; mediocre; midday; middle; pr. (the town Srednekolymsk); time; trousers*örön-
1707bar; bring; button; constellation; December; go up; hang; hung; November; path; pound; rack; rise; scales; tree; upwards*orpə-
1708hardly; scarcely*orqi
1709fish: salmonoruː
1710bed; houseorun
1711fishosëtr
1712smallpoxospa
1713against*ossiń
1716camp; fire; place*ot-
1717unlockotpirat’
1718tryotvedat’
1719be; believe; chamois; correct; live; maybe; mistake; promise; real; reliable; there; true; truth; tundra*öw-
1720elk*oːwə ?
1721berryoxta
1722address; aunt; bride-price; cloth; cousin; daughter; dog; female; flirt; girl; reindeer; relative; sister; tree: alder; woman*paː/*paj
1723excite; go; holiday; party*pač-
1724awl; drill; star*paɣanč’iː/*paŋqənč’iː
1725part; sharepaj
1726beat; board; drumstick; hit; ledum; stick; strike; swing*paj-
1727feed; taste*paj- ?
1728foretell; prophet*paːj-
1729cunning; odd; sly; strange; surprise*pajlə-
1730trickpakostit’
1731fog; wave*palaɣə- ?
1732tentpalatka
1733knifepalemka
1735beat; bulge; stick; tinderpalka
1737itch; scratch; tickle*pančəl-
1738bird: pochard*pančiðənlə/*pančintənlə
1739net; scoop; seine-net*paŋq-
1740boat; cross-piece*panq-
1741bird: reeve; snipe*panqə
1742chatter; flabby; loose; snort; tremble*pant- 1
1743boil; cook; dip; eat; elect; feed; leaf; put; ready; setup; sink; tie; trap; why*pant- 2
1744bird: common merganser*paŋtilə
1745urinate; urine*paː(paː)
1747button*paq-
1748nail*paːqil’ə
1749ancestor; basis; bottom; custom; form; load; originate*para
1751chatter; chatty; draw; splash*parč’ə-/*porč’ə-
1752bend; blunt; down; spread*pasal’ə-
1753peasantpašennyj
1755gramophone; phonographpatefon
1757barpazux
1758bird: hawk; mountain; rock; stone*peː
1759gallop; run; trot*peč-
1760grief; grieve; sad; sorrypečal’
1761sealpečat’
1762send; throw; twist*peče-
1763biscuitpečen’e
1764white*peči-/*poči- ?
1765cruel*peðel-/*pentəl-
1766rob; spellbound; steal; thief*peɣ-/*peŋk-
1767cheek*peːjə
1768let go*pejnč’- ?
1769agree*pejul-
1770bone; muscle*pekč-
1771Chukchi; enemy*peːkə ?
1772bear; bridegroom; husband; man; marry*pel-
1773end; enough; overtake; pass; reach*pel- 1
1774clean; wipe*pel- 2
1777opposite*peːleː
1778prepare*pelem-
1779infection*pelt-
1780berry: Arctic bramble; blister; convex; grass; hummock; marsh; stomach*pelw-
1781around; aside; back; circle; finish; loop; ring; roll; rouble; round; slip; slippery; slope; stitch; surround; testicle; throw; top; turn; whirligig; whirlpool*peme-
1782lice; louse; moss; nit; small*peme/*pime
1783around; back; behind; bring; come back; direct; extend; return; roam; splash; stretch; whirlpool*pen-
1784fate; happy; saturate; smell; spirit*penč’ə-
1785arm; elk; forelegs; knot; leg; marrow; shoulder; shoulder-blade*penč’ə/*pinč’ə/*pejnč’ə
1786air*peŋe/*poŋo ?
1787valley*peninč’ə-/*peninčə- ?
1788stream*penjijə
1789blurt; speak*pent-
1790lap; lick*pent-/*peð-
1791burn; light; roast; yellow*pentə-
1792finger*pentičə
1793foot; kick; knee; pole; recoil; run; stamp; toe*per-
1794aloof; aside; INTJ (command: away!)*pere-
1795boat; changeperemenit’
1796bandageperevjazka
1797fin; fish; wingperja
1798basket; bend; concave; convex; cool; curve; inactive; obstinate; stick*pese-
1799baby; crawl*pet- 1
1800drive; harness; rein; sledge; trot*pet- 2
1801lump; sew; speak*pete-
1803cradle; lull*pe(we)-
1804bandage; entangle; rope; run; surround; wrap*piː-
1805bird*piččiː
1806box; hook; wart*piɣe
1807die*piɣi- ?
1808bird: eagle*piɣmi ?
1809refrain*pijellaː
1810stupid*pili- ?
1811drizzle*pimelə-
1813penis*pip-
1814snipe*pipo-
1815not enough; poor*piːrə-
1817bird: Baikal teal*piričikeː
1818penispiska
1819bud; leaf; needle*piw-
1820fivepjatyj
1821orphan; servant; slave; widow(er); worker*poː- 1
1822comer; mound; right*poː- 1
1823flesh*poː- 2
1824dignitypočët
1826almostpočtí
1827fire*počurə
1828presentpodarit’
1829fast; quickly; strongly*poðon?
1830entice; follow; jump; run; walk*pöɣ-1
1831brother-in-law; leaf; master; parent; parent-in-law; son-in-law; widow; widower*pöɣ-2
1832knee; kneel; knee-long*poɣo-/*poŋqə-
1833bridle*poɣon?
1834excrement; INTJ (go to hell!)*poɣonč’ə/*poŋqənč’ə
1836cellarpogreb
1837dry; fumigate; light; month; pink; white*poj- 1
1838increase; many; much; numerous*poj- 2
1839bridge; burden; carry; elevation; lift; stairs; step*poj- 3
1840beltpojas
1841cheek; dry; epidemic; tan*poːjə 1
1842pole*poːjə 2
1843bend; crook; turn*pojɣupə-/*pojŋkupə-
1844carry; fall; send; slide*pojo- ?
1845diarrhoea*pojrə
1846air (TR); ventilate*pök-
1847gum*pol-
1848fur*pol’- 1
1849bald; craft; ice-covered; riverbank; slip; slippery; smooth*pol’- 2
1850flower; green; juniper; leaf; May*polčičə
1851child; year*poliń
1852putrid; rot; sour*pollə-/*ponlə-
1853born; escape; go out; procreate; protrude; rescue; save; spread; survive; take; take off; untie*polo-
1854bed-curtain; canopy; coverpolog
1855frillpolon
1856runnerpoloz’ja
1857assistantpomošoik
1858short; shorten*pomp-
1859pr. (a man); spot (INTR)*pomt-
1860bark; bright; colour; dash; day; lichen; light; lynx; moon; mountain; shine; silver; sparkle; star; tree: birch; twinkle; white; whiten; window; world*poń-
1861abandon; example; forget; forgive; leave; put; remain*pöń-/*peń-
1862able; be; contrary; expletive subject; happen; land; make; nominalizing marker; people; to and from; worth*pon/*pont
1863at once; straight away; suddenly*pönč’əm-
1864meal*pönč’ərə-
1865stake*pöŋčiwə-/*poŋčimpə-
1866bird: capercaillie*poŋčuwə/*poŋčumpə
1867fat; lard*poŋičə
1868excrescence; knob; pine-cone; plump; swell*pönkətə
1869big; swell*pönŋ-
1870carry; divorce (INTR); frighten; send; separate; spiteful; take*pono-
1871bed; lay; woman*pönp-/*pönw-
1872buy; cash-box; cashier; money; sell*poqqəntə
1874floatpoplavok
1875vulva*popo
1876bridegroom*poqlə-
1877boil; chatter; hiss; snore; squelch*poqsə-
1878cheek-bone*poqtičə-
1879care; difficult; INTJ (misery!); need; needy; opinion; painful*poːr-
1880timepora
1881screen; shield*poːrčeː
1882spring; winter*poːrə
1883inevitable; pr. (a man); without fail*poːrəmə
1884arm; hand*pornə ?
1885lightning; spark*рого-
1886rope*poro-?
1887champ*poroɣə-/*poroŋkə-
1888envious*poronč’-
1889snowporoša
1890tobaccoporošok
1891powderporox
1892bend; crook; riverbank; steep*porqə-
1893trousersportki
1894lastposlednij
1895bird: capercaillie; bird: grouse*posturkeː
1896brim; fill; frill*poto-
1897beampotolok
1899splash; strike*pöw-/*pew-
1900oath; swear*pöwɣijə/*pöwŋqijə
1901drive; steerpravit’
1902brake; sledge; stakeprikol
1903attentiveprimečat’
1904huntpromyšljat’
1905ice-hole; pr. (the river Prorva)prorub’
1906farewellproščaj
1907forgiveprostit’
1908guideprovodnik
1910measurepud
1911above; attack; bird: falcon; climb; coat; cup; five; flesh; height; high; live; near; neighbour; on; outside; river; settlement; seven; shoot; South; step; surface; tall; throw; tombstone; top; twenty; up; upper; upstream; water; West; win; world*puðe
1912bath; heat; hot; July; lair; moon; oil; radiator; rainbow; sleeve; smoulder; South; spring; summer; sun; sun-beam; swear; sweat; tea; tsar; warm*puɣö
1913beard; elk; feather; fur; hair; knife; stocking*puɣö-
1914reconcile*puɣö-/*puŋkə-
1915light; lighten*puɣoč-/*puŋkəč-
1916fly; goose*puɣučeː/*puŋkučeː
1917blow*puj-
1918fly; scatter; slip*puja-
1919channel; river-bed; shrub*pujlə
1920link; tie*pujsə-
1921arbalest; arrow; bladder; blow; bubble; dropsy; dust; fasten; float; pour; run; shock; sweep; swell; urinate*puke-
1924dense*pukŋ-
1925run*puknə
1926cartilage; fragile; fur; light; snow; soft; soften; tin; transparent; willow*pukö-
1927break; defecate; drop; flower; go; go out; grow out; jut; keep; lean; let out; loose; plant; pull; put; tidy; toilet; unhinged*pul-
1928rush; toss* pul’aɣə-/* pul’aŋkə-
1929penis*puleː- ?
1930brother; brother-in-law; cousin; husband; son-in-law*pulej
1931do up; fasten*puličə-
1932bandolier; bullet; shootpulja
1933knot; node*pulkə
1934pour*pulkulə-
1935hole; mumble; mutter; pierce*pultə-
1936bird: common golden-eye*pultən-/pulkən-
1937dog*pumpə-
1938narrate; sound; tell*pun-
1939kill; slaughter*puń- 1
1940rub*puń- 2
1941rogue*punc- ?
1942berry; paint*punčeː
1943glass*punčə ?
1944bellows; forge; furnace; muzzle*puːnčiː
1945follow; padding*pune-
1946boil; broth; cook; soup; train*puŋe
1947appear; eruption; rash*puŋe-
1948beat; burst; clatter; hill; hummock; knock; pimple; sweep; thunder*punkə
1949bird: hawk; bird: white owl*puŋkiː
1950glad; happy; praise; thank*puŋo-
1951sleeve*pup- 1
1952curdle; fart*pup- 2
1953learn; revenge; teach*pupsə-
1954excrescence*pura-
1955bird: jaeger*puraːqil’
1956knot; node*purke
1957cellar*puruː
1958stomach*puruləɣur/*puruləŋkur
1959morepušče
1960empty; simplepustoj
1961divide; half; middle; piece*put-
1962pimple*puwuskiː/*pumpuskiː
1963breathe; fidget; spin; twist*pyl’pə-/*pyl’wə-
1964few; here; however; intelligible; long; much; never; nowhere; side; somewhere; what; when; where; which*qa-
1965ring*qaː- 1
1966trousers*qaː- 2
1967defecate; excrement*qaː- 3
1968bald; pr. (a man)qabata
1969gluttonqabyalaː-
1970curve; elbow*qač-
1971pit*qača- ?
1972jealous*qað-/*qant-
1973finally; modal marker (it is nice that); so*qaðič/*qantič
1974bird: loon*qaɣeː-
1975obsolete kinship*qaɣijə/*qaŋqijə
1976bend*qaj- 1
1977bear; brother; fire; grandfather*qaj- 2
1978daughter; girl*qaj-/*qal’- ?
1979wound*qajawə
1980famous*qajɣəl-/*qajgqəl-
1981skiqajsar
1982bark; scales*qal- 1
1983dodge; escape; let go; run*qal- 2
1985pr. (a place); tundra*qal’ar-
1986bum; coal; fry; roast*qaːl’ə
1987dangerous; defend; frightful; hero; mighty; strong; terrible; wolf*qaːlə-
1989drift; oblivion; snag*qal’l’ə
1990talk*qalpə- ?
1991peat; pr. (a man)*qalwiː-
1992how many; how much*qam- 1
1993ashamed; help; respect; servant; serve; shy; task; work*qam- 2
1994hurt; offend*qamp-
1995ladleqamyjaq
1996back; disappear; hide; kill; pack; pile; protect; shadow; sight*qan-
1997beater; chase; follow; hunter*qaŋ-
1998bird; bird: duck; bird: eagle; egg*qań-
2000autumn; cold; cool; temper; winter*qanč’-
2002energetic; enough; finally; intensifying marker; now; so*qanč’ir
2003love*qanði-/*qynði- ?
2004present*qaŋiðə-/*qaŋintə-
2005sure*qańinə-
2006bridegroom; work*qanjaː-
2007finger; palm; spirit; Yakut*qańpə
2008pipeqansa
2009bag*qansə- ?
2011arm-pit*qantələ
2012boot; lace; trousers*qantələ
2013craw; crop*qantuː
2015currants; dog; infection*qapńə
2016Adam's apple; larynx*qappuː
2018cloud; cover; skin*qaːr/*qajr
2019deceive; lie*qarč-/*qarj-
2020strong*qarńə-
2021cry-baby; destroy; pr. (a man); ruin; tumble*qarp-
2022stuff*qarpə-
2023axe*qarqə-?
2024divide; share*qartə- 1
2025dig; shovel up; take down*qartə- 2
2026butterfly*qartlinč’ə
2027always; before; constantly; forever*qaruðu/*qaruntu
2028bad; pity; vainqaːryan
2029decoration*qasi ?
2030wrestle*qat-
2031better; here; hortative marker; utterlyqata
2032delay*qatr-
2033queen (in card play)qatyn
2034husband; old*qaw- ?
2035container; pit; pr. (a river)*qawa-
2036flowerqawaw
2037brother; cousin; grandfather; uncle; wolf*qawnč’ə
2038hang; swing*qawur-/*qampur-
2039appearance; boring; how; however; kind; possible; somehow; soon; sort; very; what; where; why*qo-
2042boat; pr. (a Yukaghir clan)*qoðo-
2043adze; dig; hole; kill; peck; pick out*qoɣ-/*qoŋq- 1
2044hook*qoɣ-/*qoŋq- 2
2045boil; burst; dry; explode; shoot; tree: poplar*qoːɣə-/*qoŋqə-
2046berry; bird: raven; ledum; nest*qoɣimə
2047cry; decrease; frill; low; utter*qoɣo-/*qoŋqə-
2048bird; church; doctrine; God; godfather; godmother; godparents; holiday; priest; sledge; thyme*qoj-
2049pole*qojńiː
2050as; ear; noise; sound; speak; tinkling*qol-
2051ladle; scoop*qolaː
2052mirage*qolčə
2053kill*qoːləw-
2054change; chilly; coolness*qolim-
2055envy*qoll-
2056end of a spit (on a river)*qol’l’ílə
2057immediate; OK*qollumə
2058frown; mammoth; pr. (a river); tusk*qolq-
2059berry: blueberry; blue; green*qomo-
2060aloud; defeat; down; low; outer; pr. (a place); surface*qompə
2061coat; knee-guard*qompiː-
2062bell*qompuloːk
2063autumn*qomtə-
2064if*qon
2065accompany; carry; draw; find; fit; go; guide; insist; know; nomad; road; roam; take; walk*qon-
2066clean; light; look; shine; thin; transparent; weak*qonč’-
2067bird: pochard*qonč-/*qoč-
2068arm-pit; break; cavity; drill; hole; land; mountain; notch; tear*qončə
2069rope*qonjə
2070blanket; foot; skin*qonmə
2071wife*qońo
2072coating; empty; high; low; soft; thin*qoŋo-1
2073spoon*qoŋo-2
2076bend; bow*qonqə-
2077pierce*qont-
2078double; hill; inner; low; riverbank; twirl*qontə- 1
2079bad; lazy; sleepy; tiring; touch; unpleasant; not to want*qontə- 2
2081completely*qontəri
2082interrupt*qontir-
2083hoofqoqči(n)
2084mind*qor- ?
2085reindeer*qoroj
2086catch on; disturb; hook; sting; stumble*qorp-
2087cheek; lever; move; pr. (the river Korkodon); riverbank; root; root out; stole; wind*qorqə-
2088reindeerqos 1
2089roomqos 2
2090scratch; wind*qos-
2091clay*qoso ?
2092wood*qoton-
2094go up; jump; lift; path*quː-
2095bird: gull*qulerqə
2096hair; reindeer*qulu-
2097reindeer*qundeː
2098reindeer*quńe
2099gull*quńoː
2101scrape; stone*qyj- 1
2102shy*qyj- 2
2104plant*qylpə/*qylwə
2105laugh*qynč’il’pə/*qynč’irwə
2106avoid; coil; dodge; evade; threaten; twist*qynmə-
2107choke; groan; gurgle; laugh; strangle; wheeze*qyqsə-
2108incidentally; way*raj
2110tree: mountain ashrjabina
2113shabby*roːl’ə-?
2114thicketrošča
2115equal; flat; smoothrovnyj
2116shirtrubaxa
2117gun; huntruž’ë
2118bark; bird: box; hawk; bulge; carpenter; chest; chock; coffin; confess; crown; cup; cut; excrescence; forefather; forest; fungus; grave; hammer; hill; hook; knife; needle; pole; sap; saw; South; squirrel; stick; town; tree; tundra; winter; yurt*saː-
2120timesaɣana
2121plane*saɣanč’ə-/*sagqənč’ə-
2122bench; chair; live; power; seat; sit; stool*saɣanə-/*saŋqənə-
2123aside; side; West; yurt*saːɣər/*saŋqər
2124across; aside; bar; breadth; coil; follow; width*saj-
2125rock; stagger; swing*saːj-
2126cut; plane; trim*saːjəs-
2127seine-net*sajmə
2128fill with; put; stuff with*sajnč-
2129bird: eagle; bird: falconet; bird: hawk*sajrə
2130idolšajtan
2131shawlšal’
2132headache*saːlič-
2134goal; range; reason; shoot*sal’impə
2135bee; bird: common merganser; bird: scoter; gum; honey; tooth*sal’qəriː
2136selfsam
2137bird: hawk; board; flat; mushroom; plane; plateau; smooth; snow-flake; straighten; stretch; table; tobacco; unwind; wide; widen*sampə-
2138cell; fish; fisherman; needle; net*sampən-
2140husband*saːmpijə
2141try*sampinč’-
2142pr. (a man); tea-pot*samqəj
2143mark; scar; split; thread; vestige; wound*samur
2144circle; spin; stubborn*samur-
2145mostsamyj
2146bump; crack; crash; juniper; sweep*sana-
2147moss*sana-?
2148coatsanajaq
2149squat*sanqə- ?
2150fall; hit; pat; strike; tumble*sapa-
2152stomach*saq- 1
2153fall down (INTR); hill; pour; shin-bone; slope; spout*saq- 2
2154dog; elk; fox; green; grey; isterus; pit; red; yellow*saqa-
2155coil; collect; gallop; gather; lasso; lie; load; meeting; pile; place; put; roll; sit; together*saqa-/*soqo-
2156elk*saqal’oː
2157bird: owl; pr. (a man)*saqlə
2158bury; cock; cover; covering; fog; kill; obtain; overtake; press; root; storm*sar-
2159hysterics; shaman; shamanize; something*saːr
2160barn; coffin*saːrəj
2162bootsaːry
2163guest; wolf*sarimə
2164comb*sarite-
2165window*sarkə-?
2166bird: duck; bird: grouse; wood*saːrul’ə
2168foolsaːraŋy
2169trap*sas-
2170ablesataa-
2172cape; promontry*saw-
2173bare; butterfly; cloud; coat; distribute; edge; larva; rag; relative; skin; trousers*sawa
2174clear; distribute; divide; give*sawa-
2176chatter; crack; hollow; jabber; knock*sawɣə-/*sawŋqə-
2177sugarsaxar
2178chessšaqmaty
2179fish; fish: whitefishščëkur
2180ashščëlox
2181chipščepka
2182shavingsščëtka
2183boot; hair; shoeščetkari
2184fish: pikeščuka
2185carry; reindeer; run*seɣe-
2186rustle*seːɣə-
2187if*seɣereːk/*seŋkəreːk
2188today; pr. (a woman)segodnja
2189nowsejčas
2190follow*sejðə-/*sejntə-
2191push*sejnč-
2192fish: herringsel’djatka
2193sneak*semč’-/*semj-
2194riverbank*seme
2196die; pr. (a river)*semnə-
2197door; top; tray; window*semp-
2198catch; move; reindeer; train*sempun-
2200edge; door; hallseni
2201log*sepinkə
2202edge; foundation; needle; pole; stick; wall*ser-1
2203daze; jingle; knock; noise; pile*ser- 2
2204hail; snow*seːr-
2205resinsera
2206silverserebro
2207warseriː
2208shave*seril-
2209growl*serk-
2210reindeer*seːrtiː
2211bone; collar*serpə
2212caress; embrace; frolic; love*ses-
2213colour*seselə
2214grumble; scold*seskə-
2215door; entrance; parlour; window*sespa
2217bedding; branch; brushwood; cover; larch; needle*sew-
2218avoid; beat; fugitive; heart; lazy; middle; pulsate; run; throb; vivid; work*sewe-
2219eglantine; rose*sewič3/*sempičə
2220silkšelk
2221woollenšerstjanoj
2222space; spitšestok
2223adroit; beautiful; impertiment; suppleškola
2224schoolškola
2225orderštoby
2226freeze; icešuga
2227screwšurup
2228brook; drip; float; rain; source; stream*siː-
2229match-maker*siɣerəčə/*siŋkərəčə
2230force; strongsila
2231fish: sterlet*silinilon- ?
2233by all means; nevertheless; stillsin
2234head; thirty*sin-
2235all the same; neverthelesssin-biːr
2236bank; tundra*siŋ-
2237trap*sine-
2238stomach-ache*sińe-
2239crust; spring*sinlə
2240accompany; guidesird’it
2241passsis
2242bird: snipe; breast; breastbone; diaphragm; reindeer*sis-
2243long*sislə-
2245foxsivoduška
2246March*siwučeː-/simpučeː-
2247cattleskot
2248pan; pr. (a man in folklore)skovoroda
2249serveslužit’
2250daresmelyj
2251mild; submittedsmirnyj
2252berry: currantssmorodina
2253miss; mistake; walk*soː-
2254berry: raspberry; dogsobaka
2256disorder; revoltsodom
2257foam; lichen; moss*soɣ-
2258appendix; bring; carrry; enter; fit; inside; live; oesophagus; rouble; sack; settle; stir; suck; take*söɣ-/*seɣ-
2260saliva; slime; spit; tasteless*söɣeː/*söŋkeː
2261brake; close; crumple; heal; reconcile*soɣo-/*soŋqə-
2263meat; roast; skin; smoke*soj-
2264pebble; rock; sand; shoal; spectacles; spit; stone*söj-/*sej-
2265black; brown; Chuvan; grey; hen-harrier; mouse; root; yellow; Yukaghir*söjl-/*sejl-/*sajl-
2267leather*sökčiː
2268cellar; pr. (a river); saltsol’
2269bunch; crowd; curl; fair; gather; meeting; pack; pile; shrub; thick; together; united*sol-
2270beat; break; burst; castrate; cripple; faint; fit; place; rough; split*söl’-/*sel’-
2271bird: nutcracker; pine-cone; tree: cedar*söl’eː/*sel’eː
2272make fun*solɣull-
2273gut; intestine*solijə ?
2274fringe*sölkil-
2275bum; scorch*sol’l’ə-
2276INTJ (how languid!); languid; weak*sölnə-
2277hill; island*sölö
2278small*sol’p-
2279flick*solq-
2280bird: loon; lake*sol’qə/*sal’qə
2281hard; numb; stiff*solqə-/*sölkə-
2283console; stop*sompəl’ə-
2284meat*sompulqə
2285fat; without lustre*somtilə-
2286crush; glass; small*sončə- 1
2287marriage; marry; moult; numb; wedding*sončə- 2
2288skin*sončinč- ?
2289lose; wander*soŋq-
2290maid*soŋqə?
2291spring*soŋqənč’il’ə
2292except*soŋtə-
2293chamois; lace; slipper; string; thread*soŋtə-
2295blind; pr. (a one-eyed reindeer)*soqoːr
2296clerk; colour; draw; embroider; flower; letter; line; notch; ornament; path; picture; sew; sinew; wrinkle; write*sörö-/*sere-
2297man; relative*soromə
2298choosesortirovat’
2299white*sorunə-
2300bend; bone*sosol-
2302Sovietsovet
2303entirely; woundsovsem
2304calm; loiter; quiet*sowin/*sompin
2305elk*sowo ?
2307bird: swallow; martin*sowojaː
2308thankspasibo
2311herdstado
2312glassstakan
2313campstan
2314flintstarik
2315foreman; sergeantstaršina
2316bride; marry; wife; womanstaruxa
2318corner; wallstena
2319hundredsto
2321tablestol
2322pillar; pole; poststolb
2323planestruž
2324pestlestupa
2326violent*suðe-/*suntə- ?
2327busysueta
2328stick*suɣurə-/*suŋkurə-
2330.age; board; care; chatter; clothes; cloud; consciousness; debt; disorder; drizzle; earth; empty; event; everything; just; lie; nature; nonsense; object; ordinary; penalty; place; pr. (a female spirit); prepare; rain; sky; stretch; undress; uninhabited; universe; vagrant; vain; weather; wild; world; yearsuk-
2331adroit; soft*sukm-
2332bark*suksə
2333city; pr. (the city Jakutsk); people*suktə
2334suddenly*sukujimpə
2335bridlesular
2336stand still*sule-
2337box; trunksunduk
2338bow-string; ladle; put; take; throw; walk*suŋq-
2339disgrace; disgust; hate; shock*suŋulə-
2340alien; carry; pierce; stranger*supe-
2341blanket; body; colour; fat; man; skin; trousers; weight*sure
2342hang; hold out; raise; short; sleep*susa-
2343goblinsusedka
2344stockingsutury
2345fat; meat*suwo-
2346crustsuxari
2347borersverlo
2348leadsvinec
2349board; holysvjatoj
2350brother-in-law; sister-in-lawsvojak
2351dry; meat; rustle; shoe; thirst; unwilling*syla-
2352squeak*sylqə-
2353draw; pull*syn-
2354dish; gut; reindeer*syŋaː
2355shove*syns-
2356nit*syraː
2357idol*syrajkaːn
2358squeeze*syrp-
2359bear; finger; forefinger; gap; glove; paw; spider; thumb; thump; toe*syrq-
2360sledge*syrqaː
2361break; burst; crack; cut; lift; rag; ragamuffin; short; shorten; tear*sysa-
2362gallop; try*sysqə
2363itch; typhus*sysqə-
2364pain*syw-
2366after; ago; although; ancient; and; approve; as; before; but; direction; earth; enough; hortative marker; however; meanwhile; now; obviously; reason; same; so; such; that; then; there; they; this; time; why; yes*ta-
2367tobaccotabak
2368herdtabun
2369tree*taɣačaː/*taŋqəčaː
2370trivettagan
2371nevertheless; perhaps; vaintak
2372unhappytalan
2373saline*taːlə
2374hide; shelter*talqə-
2375call*taluːtə-
2376dress; put on*tam-
2377overalltambaka
2378bone*tamnə ?
2379fall*tańe- ?
2380buy; commerce; debt; give; merchant; owe; pay; rich; sale; sell*tant-
2382cockroachtarakan
2383dish; platetarelka
2385dam*tattiː
2386careless*tawr-
2388basintaz
2389aim*teː- 1
2390give; show*teː- 2
2391rope*teɣinə/*teŋkinə
2392body*tejnə- ?
2393squirrel*teːkə
2394clumsy; turn*tele-
2395dry; fish; smoke*tel-
2396fish; meattela
2397dart; javelin*tela- ?
2398belt; strap*telki ?
2399holy*temle- ?
2400here; local; simple; there; this; why*ten
2401glutton; merchant; rich; wealth*tent-
2402jump*teːnu-
2403dirty; soil*tep-
2404soul*tepnə ?
2405set feet against*terin-
2406clothes; thingsteril
2407tolerateterpet’
2408adzeteslo
2409doughtesto
2410shoot; thou*tət
2411ago; before; early; here; lately; now; past; recent; since; that; there; this; year*ti-
2412evening; lie; sleep; wind; yesterday*tiɣ-/*tuɣ- ?
2413avoid; behind; exceed; overtake*tiɣe-
2414island*tilli ?
2415covering; pole*time
2416sound; stamp; trample*tibe-
2417swell*timpəčə-
2418want*tin- ?
2420rest*tinnə-
2421grudge; let; stingy*tiŋnə-
2422though; still*tit 1
2423you*tit 2
2424as; like; so; such*tite
2425maintain; they*tittəl
2426chimney; feather; needle; wing*tiw-
2427bird: wood sandpiper*tiweːwit
2428eye*toː ?
2429dusttoburaq
2430bite; gadfly; gum; tooth; wasp*toð-
2431close; lock*toɣ-
2432scum; sweep; tea*toɣa-/*toŋqə-
2433sledge*toɣo ?
2434clot; deep; dense; low; thick; thicken*toɣo-/*toŋqə-
2436supply*tol ?
2437calm; slow*tol- 1
2438crook; lean; staff; support*tol- 2
2439desire*toːl-
2440beat; hammer; knock; peck*tolč’-
2441interpret; translatetoldyčit’
2442row*toliɣə-/* toliŋkə-
2443stupidtolk
2444onlytol’ko
2445arm; finger; forearm; hand; palm; present; ring; wart; wave; work*tolon-/*čolon-
2446completetolor-
2447herd; hunt; reindeer*tolowə
2449gills; glutton; hunger; larynx; necklace; starve; thirst; throat; voracious*tene-
2450bright; light*toni ?
2451chase; drive; follow*tono-/*toŋo-
2452exert; storm; strength; strengthen; strong*tönpə-
2453taketöntə-
2454catch; frill; glove; grease; stick; stuck*tont-
2457origintördö
2458strap*törkiː
2459berry: crowberry; birthmark; black; blacken; elk; pit; skin; tree: willow*toro
2464thin*toro-/*čoro- ?
2465marriage*torrə- ?
2466press*totčə-
2467close; constipation; cover; patch; pit; skin*töw-
2468pipe; tubetruba
2469tindertrut
2470ago; here; reason; that; this; what; why*tu-
2471content; fill; frill; load; put; sledge; take*tuː-
2472trumpet*tuː
2473chancetübes-
2474cold; control; design; he; himself; it; one; oneself; she; they; worker*tuðe/*tuntə
2475baskettuis
2476instrument; knock; nail; spot*tuk-
2477whine*tukun-
2478left; left-hander*tuluɣ-
2479reserve; secret*tumnə-
2480dash; fly; run in*tumpə-
2481choke; close; cover; disturb; entrance; lock; patch; prohibit*tuŋ-
2482ears*tunkuneː
2483birth; content; inside; interior; return*tunt-
2484load; loop; pull; reindeer; strap; wear*tuntə-
2486offend; persecute*tur-
2487trousers*tuːriː
2488about*tusqən
2489finish (INTR)tuttər-
2490crush; flat; press; trample*tylpə-
2491force; jerk; rob; save; snatch; take*tyŋa-
2492bird; blink; December; rain*tywo
2493fry; roast; spit; stick*uː-/*oː-
2495reindeeruːčaq
2496pass; way*uːčə-
2497accustomed; always; constantly; correct; die; discover; gradual; immediately; start; train*uːðə-
2498believe; right; stick; successfully; way*uɣ-/*uŋk- 1
2499antler*uɣ-/*uŋk- 2
2500coalugol’
2501snow*uɣuntuː-/*uŋkuntuː-
2502airplane; approximate; bird; budge; butterfly; carry; disturb; do; fly; guide; guilt; hunt; law; marry; mischief; miss; move; naughtiness; nod; pass; prank; row; servant; tease; touch; wave; wing; work; worker*uj-
2504beam; bedding; carry; channel; defecation; East; exit; fire; go out; grow; manage; plant; squeeze; win*uk-
2505injectukol
2506changeularyj-
2507bind; cavil; end; finish; only; thin; waste*ule- 1
2508choke; fill; stick*ule- 2
2509tear*ul’-
2510flower; grass; marsh; meadow; pr. (a place of annual meetings and festivities); straw; tobacco*ul’eɣə
2511workerulehit
2512foul; pus; urinate; urine*ulkə-
2513trap*uːluː
2514bury; close; lose; shut*um-
2516fish: pike*umujə/*imejə
2517almost*unč’il’/*unčil’ ?
2518elk*uːne-
2519deaf; ear; ear-ring; lobe; moss*unemə
2520dew*unmur
2521blunt; INTJ (how slow!); quite; slow*unńə-
2522bird: stork; bird: white crane*unt-
2523fringeupawan
2524black; chamois*uːr- 1
2525dip; fawn; steal*uːr- 2
2526belief; learn; reindeer; school; student; study; teach; teacher*uːr-/*ura-
2527yurturasa
2528splinter*urč’ilə
2529or*uːri
2530cradle; rock; swing*uːrinc’-
2531beard; hairus
2533coat; earth; red; yellow*uːsiː
2534holidayuspen’e
2535gorge*ussuː
2537die; rest; tired; tiring*uttə-
2538bird: reeve; low; pr. (a mountain); rock; swallowuval
2539kiss*uw-
2540sledge*uwo- ?
2541waveval
2544suddenlyvdrug
2545indeed; justved’
2546sky; weathervedro
2547believe; faith; rightverit’
2548merryveselit’
2549everywherevezde
2550apparently; it seemsvidno
2551forkvilka
2552accuse; blame; faultvina
2553vodka; winevino
2554gunvintovka
2555powervlast’
2556berry: crowberry; bird: crowvorona
2557collarvorotnik
2558eighthvosem’
2559completely; deprive; die; forever; not at allvovse
2560harnessvprjagat’
2561suddenlyvrasplox
2562timevremja
2563nevertheless; stillvsë-taki
2564choosevybirat’
2565to and from*waː
2567build; do; drag; draw; extract; harness; hold; make; pull; take; tie; work*waː-/*waj-/*weː-/*wej-
2568open; step*wača-/*wočo-
2569courage; firm; place; skin; strengthen; strong; tight*wað-
2570free; rest*wað-/*want-
2571ancestor; indigenous; own*waɣa-/*waŋqə-
2572gland*waɣanə/*waŋqənə
2573pole*waɣarə/*waŋqərə
2574again; also; every; more; same; soon; too; yet*waj
2575mother*waːjə ?
2576bird: white crane*wajl
2577strap*wajntijə
2578before; collaborator; company; contrary; do; friend; half; lie; near; neighbour; opponent; opposite; talk; two*waːl’
2579conjure; invocations; magic; shaman; shamanize; swear; witchcraft*wal-/*wol-
2580carry; keen; stubborn*wala-
2581buy; dowry; fee; incite; match-maker; pay; price; prize*wal’a/*wol’o
2582whirlpool*walč’- ?
2583nine*wal’qərum-
2584blind*walt-
2585frog; lizard*waluntul-/*woluntul-
2586deprive; lose; pr. (a man)*waŋ-
2587ask; beggar; bridge; eye; eyebrows; eyelid; fat; goggles; high; inheritance; investigation; lid; look; pupil; seek; spectacles; tear*waŋ-/*woŋ-
2588early; morning; niggard*wanc-
2589spoon*waŋtiː
2590barefooted; corner; edge; sharpen; sullenly*waqčə
2591care; careful; cautious; guard; herd; nurse; obstinate; pasture*war-/*wor-
2592wolverine*wara-
2593tree: willow*waːrəč-
2595adroit; clever; lively; prompt; quick*wasl’ə
2596gore; mouth; open; tassel; trap*wat-
2597innumerable; many; much*watčə
2598bug; knife; Russian; thread*waːwəč
2599caravan; carry; lead; rein; reindeer*weɣ-
2600gallop; move; spoil; turn*wej-
2601broaden; space; wide; widen; breadth; broad; width*wejlə-
2602fish*wejnə ?
2603bag-pack; catch; carry; dowry; driver; fight; lift; lead; handle; hook; load; hang; pole; scale; catch; dot; saddle; move; pack; reindeer; saddle-bag; shoulder; stick; stirrup*wele-
2604red*welep-/*wolop- ?
2605fellow; live; passion; promise; inspiration; enthusiasm*wenč’-
2606another; different; echo; elk; other; outside; reindeer; side; year; otherwise; calf; unlike*went
2607extend; lay; stretch; reach; expand; unbent; pr. (a man)*wenta-
2608eglantine; INTJ (disapproving disorder, scattered things); prickle; wound*weːr-
2609athlete; force; hero; INTJ (how strong!); strength; strong; tie*werwə-
2610hair; unbraided; unbraide; untie; undo*weːta-
2611INTJ (how stingy!); stingy*woɣ-/*woŋq-
2612antler; bird; bird: owl; bridle; cloth; collar; direct; fabric; face; fang; forehead; halter; head; kerchief; pr. (a woman); teeth; rag; sock*woɣo
2613stream; current; fast; float flow; log; spurt; stream*wojo-
2614force*woːlə- ?
2615low*wolč’-/*wolj- 1
2616INTJ (how bitter! how sour!); sour; sting; wine*wolč’-/*wolj- 2
2617joy; laugh*wolč’i- ?
2618root*wonč-
2619chatty; tongue; talk; gossip; uvula; joke; jest; lie*wonor
2620attempt; berry; blueberry; dog; fire; house; larch; light; tree; Tungus; Yukaghir; yurt*wont-
2621attempt; best; do; effort; fuss; negligent; stand; try; unwilling*wontur-
2622clever; wind*wotom ?
2623breadxleb
2625jack; servantxolop
2626buryxoronit’
2627although; free-choice pronominal marke; piecexot’
2628keep; preservexranit’
2630praisexvalit’
2632see; seer; stare; watch; look; prophet*yːčə-
2633bank; border; cut; edge; lean; riverbank; wave*yɣ-
2634moor; push; touch; visit*yɣ-/*yŋq- 1
2635dirt; mud; sludge; sweat*yɣ-/*yŋq- 2
2636back; bone; waist*yɣampə/*yŋqəmpə
2637line; open; rip up; undo*yl’-
2638get in; load; mount; pack; reindeer; sit; train*ymo-
2639hate*ynabə-/*ynampə-
2640lazy; rest; tired*ynčulwə/*ynčulpə
2641dig; grave; pit; pool*yŋer
2642future; late; next; then; time*yntə
2644alongside; aside; bag; crook; die; different; half; horn; pull; short-sighted; sqew-eyed; squint*yq-
2645reindeer*yra-
2646difficult; heavy*yral’ə-
2647soldier; exist*ytalən ?
2648pincersytarča
2649pole*ytymaːq
2650eruption; freckle; disease; wart*ywor
2651greedy, stingyžadnyj
2652cockzamok
2653patchzaplatka
2654managerzavedujuščij
2655greet; hellozdorowo
2656greenzelënyj
2657bird: woodpecker, dialželna
2658fortune-telling; lotžrebij
2659magazinežurnal

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Nikolaeva, Irina. 2006. A Historical Dictionary of Yukaghir. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Vocabulary lists of North Eurasian languages

European • Balkan • Hurro-Urartian • Hattic • Sumerian (Swadesh) • Elamite • Etruscan • Burushaski • Ural-Altaic • Paleosiberian • p-Japanese • p-Ainu • p-Nivkh • p-Chukotko-Kamchatkan • p-Yukaghir • p-Yeniseian

Caucasian

Caucasian • p-Northwest Caucasian • p-Nakh-Daghestanian • p-Kartvelian

Uralic

p-Uralic (stable roots) • Finnic • Saami • Mordvinic • Mari • Permic • Ugric • Samoyedic

"Altaic" linguistic area

Altaic • p-Altaic • Turkic • Mongolic • Common Mongolic • Khitan • Taghbach

Indo-European

Germanic • Celtic • Romance • Baltic • East Slavic • West Slavic • South Slavic