1234567891011121TABLE 6CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGE IN POPULATION MINORITIES, ISOLATES AND MIGRANTSRegion/countryLocation/CollectionStudySampleConsanguinityConsanguinityCoefficient ofReferencecommunityperiodpopulationsize(%)typesinbreeding ()North AfricaSudanTir,1954Household375--0.0015Roberts (1956)DinkasurveyNyertiti,-Household9970.7%1C,11/2C,2C0.0415Bayoumi et al.Fursurvey(1985)Nyertiti,-Household4671.71C,11/2C0.0442Bayoumi et al.Baggarasurvey(1985)South AfricaTristan daAll-island1961Pedigree267--0.0400Roberts (1980)CunhaanalysisNorth AmericaCanadaNew Brunswick,1959RC6864.8%1C,11/2C,2C0.0010Freire-Maia (1968)Bathhurstdispensation2Quebec,1959RC6006.0%11/2C,2C0.0012Freire-Maia (1968)GaspedispensationNewfoundland,1960/79Pedigree545--0.0032Bear et al.(1988)TrepasseyanalysisNewfoundland,1960/79Pedigree613--0.0171Bear et al.(1988)West CoastanalysisNewfoundland,1960/79Pedigree376--0.0007Bear et al.(1988)SoutheastLabradoranalysisU.S.A.Kentucky,1942Household10718.7%1C,11/2C,2C0.0061Brown (1951)Beech CreeksurveyRamahNavaho1950/64Pedigree1,074--0.0026Spuhler &analysisKluckhohn (1989)New Mexico,1959RC3701.41C,11/2C,2C0.0004Freire-Maia (1968)GallupdispensationTexas,1959RC6751.31C,2C0.0006Freire-Maia (1968)AustindispensationKansas,1980Pedigree19433.0-0.0030Moore (1987)MennonitesanalysisPennsylvania,1950/-Pedigree909--0.0012Khoury et al.(1987)AmishfarmersanalysisPennsylvania,1950/-Pedigree1,014--0.0008Khoury et al.(1987)Amishnon-farmersanalysisBoston,1980sPedigree2161.91C,2C,3C0.0170Thomas et al.(1987)Gypsiesanalysis3South AmericaBrazilSouth,1959/60Field study46513.1%UN,1C,11/2C,2C0.0052Salzano (1961)AmerindiansSouth,1959/60Household1502.71C,11/2C0.0013Freire-Maia &JewishsurveyKrieger (1963)Central AsiaTajikistanUrgut,-Household---0.0280Paradeeva &SamarkandsurveyRevasov (1987)Taimyr,1974/6Household22320.0%2C0.0022Goltzova (1981)NganasanssurveyTurkmenistanAshkhabad-Household1,596--0.0023Revasov et al.(1983)surveyNochur-Household600--0.0330Revasov et al.(1984)surveyUzbekhistanTersak IV-Household---0.0190Ginter et al.(1980)surveyTersak III-Household---0.0078Ginter et al.(1980)surveyKizil-Ketman-Household---0.0109Ginter et al.(1980)survey4Zum-Household---0.0158Ginter et al.(1980)surveyArab-Chona-Household---0.0271Ginter et al.(1980)SurveyAbron-Household---0.0131Ginter et al.(1980)surveyEast AsiaJapanKurodani1968/Household839.6%1C,11/2C0.0049Yamamoto etal.(1972)surveyOkukurodani1968/Household4829.21C,11/2C,2C0.0124Yamamoto et al.(1972)surveyArihara1968/Household6947.81C,11/2C,2C0.0184Yamamoto et al.(1972)surveyMukugawa1968/Household8321.61C,11/2C,2C0.0068Yamamoto et al.(1972)surveyAso1968/Household9515.81C,11/2C,2C0.0084Yamamoto et al.(1972)surveyMishima I-Household51715.51C,11/2C,2C0.0075Fujiki et al.(1982)surveyMishima II-Household19218.81C,11/2C,2C0.0093Fujiki etal.(1982)surveyNuwajima I-Household34012.41C,11/2C,2C0.0055Fujiki et al.(1982)survey5Nuwajima II-Household1756.3%1C,11/2C,2C0.0030Fujiki et al.(1982)surveyOkishima-Household28624.51C,11/2C,2C0.0110Fujiki et al.(1982)surveyMidono-Household5416.71C,2C0.0087Fujiki et al.(1982)surveyKurodani I-Household859.41C,11/2C0.0048Fujiki et al.(1982)surveyKurodani II-Household4829.21C,11/2C,2C0.0124Fujiki et al.(1982)surveyArihana-Household6947.81C,11/2C,2C0.0184Fujiki et al.(1982)surveyMukugawa-Household8322.91C,11/2C,2C0.0075Fujiki et al.(1982)surveyAzo-Household9517.91C,11/2C,2C0.0097Fujiki et al.(1982)surveyTomiyama-Household15627.61C,11/2C,2C0.0115Fujiki et al.(1982)surveyMiyama-co-Household27115.71C,11/2C,2C0.0066Fujiki et al.(1986)survey6South AsiaIndia(South)Andhra PradeshChittoor,1972/3Household16741.3%UN,1C0.0299Saheb &Naik (1983)Banjara (Lambani)surveyNelgonda,1979/80Household11310.61C0.0066Saheb &Naik (1983)Banjara (Lambani)surveyEast Godavari,--13751.8UN,1C0.0392Veerraju (1978)Konda ReddisEast Godavari,--15451.3UN,1C0.0467Veerraju (1978)Koya Doras IEast Godavari,--15261.8UN,1C,2C0.0398Veerraju (1978)Konda Reddis IIEast Godavari,--15065.6UN,1C0.0571Veerraju (1978)Konda KammarasEast Godavari,--14070.6UN,1C,2C0.0490Veerraju (1978)Koya Doras IIVishakapatnam,--11969.2UN,1C-Veerraju (1978)Valmikis IVishakapatnam,--11952.1UN,1C0.0363Veerraju (1978)Valmikis IIVishakapatnam,--12362.7UN,1C0.0427Veerraju (1978)BagathasVishakapatnam,--12860.2UN,1C0.0395Veerraju (1978)Gadabas7Srikakulam,--10072.0%--Veerraju (1978)SavarasAdilabad,--68020.0UN,1C0.0157Veerraju (1978)Kolams IAdilabad,--28345.6UN,1C0.0287Veerraju (1978)Kolams IIAdilabad,--39734.51C0.0216Veerraju (1978)Raj GondsAdilabad,--11453.51C0.0334Veerraju (1978)PardhansAdilabad,--9922.2UN,1C0.0146Veerraju (1978)AndhsAdilabad,--936.5UN,1C0.0047Veerraju (1978)MathurasMahaboobnagar,1981Household50426.4UN,1C,11/2C0.0150Sirajuddin &ChenchusurveyBasu (1984)KarnatakaSiddi,1980/81Household4738.3UN,AN,1C,2C0.0263Vijayakumar &HindusurveyMalhotra (1983)Siddi,1980/81Household6546.2UN,1C,2C0.0269Vijayakumar &MuslimsurveyMalhotra (1983)Siddi,1980/81Household15624.4UN,AN,1C,2C0.0169Vijayakumar &ChristiansurveyMalhotra (1983)Kodagu,-Household5352.41C,11/2C,2C0.0014Saheb et al.(1981)Kodavasurvey8Kodagu,-Household1306.9%1C,11/2C,2C0.0032Saheb et al.(1981)Amma KodagusurveyTamil NaduNorth Arcot,1982Household21644.0UN,1C,11/2C0.0334Saheb &Bhanu (1983)IrularsurveyLakshadweepKoya1961Census17633.51C0.0210Roychoudhury (1977)Malmi1961Census4354.11C,11/2C0.0021Roychoudhury (1977)Melacheri1961Census1,4716.31C,2C0.0039Roychoudhury (1977)India(West)Bombay,1961/72Obstetric19522.11C,11/2C,2C0.0091Undevia &IraniinpatientsBalakrishnan (1978)IranKhuzestan,2016Household13761.3D1C,1C,11/2C,2C0.0364Saadat &ZarghamiSW Iran,survey(2017)MandaeanPakistanNorth West1996Household14321.0%1C,2C0.0128Wahab &AhmadFrontier Provincesurvey(2005)(Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)9West AsiaIraqHamawand,1951Household2157.1%UN,1C0.0417Barth (1954)KurdssurveySouth Kurdistan,1951Household4617.4UN,1C0.0122Barth (1954)KurdssurveyIsraelSamaritans1960Household2846.4%1C,11/2C,2C0.0190Bonné (1963)surveyCochin,1958Household5915.3UN,1C0.0117Goldschmidt (1963)JewssurveyLebanonPalestinians1998Household3,97219.8%D1C,1C0.0142Pedersen (2002)surveyJordanPalestinians1996National4,95026.1%D1C,1C0.0186Pedersen (2002)surveyPalestinians1999Household2,88826.0D1C,1C0.0178Pedersen (2002)surveySyriaPalestinians2001Household4,19518.3%D1C,1C0.0134Pedersen (2002)survey10East EuropeSlovakiaSlovak,Roma I-Pedigree3414.7%D1C,1C,11/2C0.0184Siváková et al.analysis(1994)Slovak,Roma II-Pedigree6910.1D1C,1C,11/2C0.0082Siváková et al.analysis(1994)North EuropeGreat BritainOrkney1910/49Parish639.5%1C,2C0.0017Roberts et al.(1979)recordsColonsay1977Pedigree65--0.0023Sheets (1980)analysisJura1977Pedigree65--0.0044Sheets (1980)analysisEriskay,1960/79RC2218.22C0.0028Robinson (1983)HebridesdispensationWelsh,1970sPedigree9936.31C,2C0.0123Williams &RomanyanalysisHarper (1977)Birmingham,1982/83Obstetric26046.91C0.0293Honeyman et al.Pakistaniinpatients(1987)Bradford,-Obstetric10067.01C,11/2C,2C0.0377Darr &ModellPakistaniinpatients(1988)Birmingham,1986/87Obstetric5090.41C,2C0.0002Bundey et al.(1990)Afro-Caribbeaninpatients11Bradford,2007/10Antenatal5,12750.9%1C,11/2C,2C0.0256Bhopal et al.(2014)PakistaniclinicIrelandAll counties,1989Household/20365.5%1C,<1C-Gordon et al.(1991)(Northern)TravellersitinerantsurveyIrelandWestmeath,1970/86Household/14171.61C,11/2C,2C0.0312Flynn (1986)(Republic)TravellersitinerantNorwayPakistani1967/93Civil7,27431.0%>1C,1C0.0194Stoltenberg et al.(1998)registrationPakistani1995/05Civil1,57637.5≥1C,2C0.0211Grijibovski et al.(2009)(Pakistan-born)registrationPakistani1995/05Civil38630.1≥1C,2C0.0171Grijibovski et al.(2009)(Norway-born)registrationPakistani1995/10Civil8,81434.7>1C,1C0.0217Sørbye et al.(2014)(Pakistan-born)registrationPakistani1995/10Civil1,80127.1>1C,1C0.0169Sørbye et al.(2014)(Norway-born)registrationRussianArchangel-----0.0015Revasov et al.(1979)Republic(Pinega)SwedenNorth1947Parish2812.8%1C0.0018Böök (1948)(Junosuando)recordsNorth,1947Parish1916.81C0.0042Böök (1948)Muonion-alustarecords12South1901/52Marriage/5761.7%1C0.0011Larson (1956)parish/birthrecordsWest,1901/41Household5351.31C0.0008Böök &MaweOstmarktsurvey(1955)Norrbotten1946/48Household8,6670.41C0.0003Böök (1957)surveySouth EuropeSpainGitano,1903/99Community1,26718.8%UN,1C,11/2C,2C0.0069Martin & GamellaRoma/Gypsysurvey(2005)West EuropeBelgiumAll-Belgium,1994/96Household59128.0%1C0.0175Reniers (1998)MoroccansurveyAll-Belgium,1994/96Household99522.01C0.0138Reniers (1998)TurkishsurveyOceaniaAustraliaNew South Wales,1984/86Obstetric40035.8%D1C,1C,2C0.0128de Costa (1988)Lebaneseinpatients