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Today's addition to my library of early Tangut, Jurchen, and Khitan scholarship is the Actes du onzième congrès international des orientalistes, Paris 1897, deuxième section (langues et archéologie de l'extrême-orient) which includes ...

S. W. Bushell's seminal paper on the Jurchen script, "Inscriptions in the Juchen and allied scripts"

Bushell includes a drawing of a round ink mould with Jurchen text translating of the Chinese couplet "明王慎德、四夷咸賓" meaning "When a wise king is heedful of virtue, foreigners from all quarters come as guests"

The drawing was originally printed in the Ming dynasty (c. 1588) Fāngshì Mòpǔ 方氏墨譜 vol. 1 folio 32b (iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view). The Jurchen text reads "gən-giɛn oŋ ətu-tʃï-jo dei; duin turilə çien andaxai", but the 11th, 13th and 14th characters show corrupted forms.

The Jurchen text is evidently derived from Wáng Shìzhēn 王世貞 (1526-1590), Yǎnzhōu Shānrén Sìbùgǎo 弇州山人四部稿 v. 168 (iiif.lib.harvard.edu/manifests/view) which gives an uncorrupted version of the Jurchen text, along with translations of the same Chinese text into eight other languages!

(I'll leave it as an exercise to twitter linguists to identify all the languages shown)

Bushell also gives a woodcut of a bronze fish tally (魚符) with Khitan small script inscription reading "𘰲 𘭕𘲀 𘬝𘮒 𘰷𘯡𘳕" = "Commander of the Heaven Cloud Army" (天雲軍詳穩) and "𘮜𘭱" = "Imperial" on the tail. This was in Bushell's personal collection -- where is it now?

Most importantly, Bushell's paper includes a plate showing a rubbing of the famous Jurchen stele recording the names of successful candidates in the imperial exams of 1224 (女真進士題名碑).

This stele was originally erected at the site of the examination hall, at Yantai 宴台, outside the east gate of the capital city of Kaifeng, but was moved to the Confucian temple inside Kaifeng in 1829, and since 1962 it has resided at Kaifeng Museum. wwj.henan.gov.cn/2020/03-26/155

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Andrew West

@BabelStone

As can be seen from the above photograph, the bottom part of the stele text has now been almost completely obliterated, and my photo of a rubbing of the stele hanging in the National Museum of China in Beijing shows just how much text has been lost compared with Bushell's rubbing

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午後2:50 · 2023年4月22日

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