was it a common practice to insert a superscript alif before the alif in the early manuscripts?
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The usuage of superscipt (and subscribt) alif here is different from Cairo Quran, here it denotes a long a or e vowel, not a missing alif (for missing alif it should usually come between two letters not above, or below, a single letter).
It's very similar to Ottoman practice though, where I would say this is the standard way of doing things. Its the first time I see such a system used in a manuscript written in 'New Style'.
Incidentally, the subscript alif is also nicely employed to write the ʾimālah of Ḥafṣ' maǧrē-hā (quran.com/10/41/) a place where the Cairo Quran innovates and uses a 'diamond shape' for it.
Notice that red marks Šuʿbah's mugřā-hā!
gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv
It's also neat to see how a superscript 'number 2' is used to mark the red here is supposed to denote a separate reading. Also seen in the verse before it.
I also love their solution of tanwīn before an ʾalif al-waṣl. Wonder why the Cairo Quran didn't pick that up.
Just some more stuff because I'm enjoying this now. Here's ṯamūda (with non-Uthmanic rasm in black!) and ṯamūdan for Šuʿbah's reading in red.
Šuʿbah's fa-lammā reʾēē ʾaydiya-hum; imālah marked with kasrah and subscript alif.
Finally: Marking of idġām: wa-ttaxattumū-hu.
Okay not actually finally. Looks like the author got confused. Here Red marks Ḥafṣ' reading muʾṣadatun and black marks Šuʿbah's mūṣadatun. But on the same page it's Šuʿbah's ʾadrē-ka marked as secondary.
Okay now I think I'm officially done; until I find some more cool stuff
Wait! I have something for you
regarding this thread
twitter.com/PhDniX/status/
BTW I came through this reading of Warš and Qunbul of the Q43:84
وَهُوَ الَّذِي فِي السَّمَاءِ إِلَٰهٌ
That's awesome! What manuscript is thise photo from?
It's a manuscript of the Quran in seven reading (for education purpose) that was found in Upper Egypt near Sohag that dates back to the late 13th century
archive.org/details/mshfq7
and here is a study on it