Incunabula

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Incunabula

@incunabula

Bibliophile. The history of writing and of the book - across ALL cultures - from cuneiform tablet to papyrus scroll to codex to Kindle. Слава Україні!

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Incunabula

@incunabula

2021年9月6日

European civilization is built on ham and cheese, which allowed protein to be stored throughout the icy winters. Without this, urban societies in most of central Europe would simply not have been possible. This is also why we have hardback books. Here's why. 1/

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Here's the bulk of the Yotvingian language wordlist transcribed from Zinov's lost manuscript, first published by Zigmas Zinkevičius in Польско-ятвяжский словарик? [Polish-Yatvingian vocabulary?], Балто-славянские исследования [Balto Slavic Studies], Moscow 1984. 21/

Scholarly analysis (not without controversy) has shown this language to be Yotvingian, even though the manuscript itself now only survives from notes taken shortly after its discovery - the mother of the collector who discovered it, accidentally threw it out with the trash. 20/

Related to Old Prussian was the mysterious West Baltic Yotvingian language - originally only known from toponyms, in 1978 a manuscript emerged from the tiny village of Novy Dvor, hidden in the depths of the Belarusian Białowieża Forest, written in an unknown pagan language. 19/

Although ethnically, linguistically and culturally distinct with very few commonalities, the Old Prussians eventually gave their name to the later, predominately Low German-speaking, overwhelmingly Christian inhabitants of the region. 18/

Will himself knew little or no Old Prussian, and his Prussian interpreter was probably illiterate, but according to Will spoke Old Prussian quite well. The text itself is mainly a word-for-word translation, and Will phonetically recorded Megott's oral translation. 17/

The third catechism, or Enchiridion, consists of 132 pages of text, and is a translation of Luther's Small Catechism by a German cleric called Abel Will, with his Prussian assistant Paul Megott. 16/

The three surviving Old Prussian Catechisms were printed in Königsberg in 1545, 1545, and 1561 respectively. The first two consist of only six pages of text in Old Prussian – the second one being a correction of the first into another Old Prussian dialect. 15/

Old Prussian ceased to be spoken probably around the beginning of the 18th century, because many of its remaining speakers died in the famines and the bubonic plague outbreak which devastated the East Prussian countryside and towns from 1709 until 1711. 14/

With the conquest of the Old Prussian territory by the Teutonic Knights in the 13th century, and the subsequent influx of Polish, Lithuanian and especially German speakers, Old Prussian experienced a 400-year-long decline as an oppressed language of an oppressed population. 13/

Old Prussian was closely related to the other extinct Western Baltic languages, namely Curonian, Galindian and Sudovian. It is related to the Eastern Baltic languages such as Lithuanian and Latvian, and more distantly related to Slavic. 12/

Old Prussian began to be written down in the Latin alphabet in about the 13th century, and a small amount of literature in the language survives. 11/

The language is called Old Prussian to avoid confusion with the German dialects of Low Prussian and High Prussian and with the adjective Prussian as it relates to the later German state. 10/

Old Prussian was a Western Baltic language belonging to the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages, once spoken by the Old Prussians, the Baltic peoples of the Prussian region. 9/