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Where esteemed scholar historian of Tangut Kingdom reveals that he may read Chinese but nvr watch any Chinese period Dramas. 世子 means heir to an inherited title differentiated frm 皇太子 Imperial Crown Prince, not literally Son of the World! 蜀世子 means heir to Shu (Sichuan)

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Andrew West

@BabelStone

2020年4月29日

The most important find is the gold seal of Zhang Xianzhong, weighing 8 kg and now broken into four parts, which has the seal text 蜀世子寶 "Treasure of the Shu (Sichuan) Son of the World"

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さん

If a respectable Western Sinologist can make such elementary mistake doing literal translations of Chinese, think what regular “China Watchers” have been doing on daily basis (mis)informing Western public abt China. Cultural fluency matters!!!

Carl Zha

@CarlZha

2020年4月30日

OP made the correction from reading Chinese text explaining origin of the seal. Any layman Chinese who had watched any Chinese period Dramas would know immediately know what 世子 means. That’s difference btw studying a culture and living it.

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Andrew West

@BabelStone

2020年4月29日

In my haste to tweet, I failed to read the discussion of this gold seal (95% purity) with the seal text 蜀世子寶. This was not Zhang Xianzhong's seal, but the seal of the eldest son of a Ming dynasty Prince of Sichuan, and was probably taken as loot and broken in four by Zhang.

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Carl Zha

@CarlZha

2020年4月30日

This is not meant to drag Andrew. American Historian Kenneth Pomeranz has said despite devoting his career learning abt China, he still knows more intimately abt US by simply living in US because he is familiar with the cultural context.

Carl Zha

@CarlZha

2020年4月30日

Yet many Westerners who despite knowing little or next to nothing abt China think themselves China expert. Truly odd!

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さん

세자 (世子) still was used in Joseon period for "crown prince".

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さん

Yes, 世子was used in Korea and Ryukyu Kingdom etc because they were heirs to the Kings not Emperors. Big distinction. In Ryukyu, locally 中城王子 was used. Ming and Qing Dynasty court would confer the title of 世子 on heir to Ryukyu throne

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さん

世子 usage is more towards nobility in general. Sons of princes are also entitled to the usage. If I remembered my Asian history minor lessons. I think for Korea , that title is more towards the crown prince.