AdvANCEd llVipROViSEd ExplosivES f— *1 • ] w\\ FiRE hAS A lONq hiSTORy of USE by TERRORISTS ANd SAbOTEURS bECAUSE of iis pOIENliAl fOR MAjOR dESTRUCTiON fROM MiNOR EffORT. PoUNd fOR pOUNd, iNCENdiARiES CAN do MORE dAMAQE tItan ExplosivEs, if pRopERly usEd. Arson Itas Also proven nsElf as an EffECTivE psycholoqicAl weapon, pkyiNq UPON man's ANCiENI AWE ANd fEAR of fiRE. The TiME Uq bETWEEN TbE START of ibE fiRE ANd lliE dhSIRUCliON of iht I AKqEl CAN bE AN AdvANTAqE iN CERTAiN OpERATiONS. In This ihiRd voIume of ihE AdvANCEd iMpRovisEd Explo- SIVES SERiES, AUlhOR SEyMOUR LECkER dETAils ihE USE of WidEly USEd, RElATiVEly iNEXpENSiVE iNduSTRiAl chEMiCAls ThAT buRN wilh iNIENSE hEAT. Also iNCludEd is iNfORMATiON ON Oxidi/ERS ANd iqNhiON dEViCES, SAfETy ANd hEAllh hAZARds, ANd A USEful qlossARy of chEMicAl terms. WARNiNq: iNCENdiARy dEViCES hAVE ThE pOTENTiAl TO bs MORE dANqEROUS fOR ihE MAkER ihAN ThE iNTENdsd TARqET, ANd ThE USE of PROPER SAfEqUARds ANd RESTRAINTS is ESSENml. This MANUAL is pRESENTEd foR iNfoRMATION pURpOSES ONly. A PAkdiN Press Book ISBN 0'87>64 48> 2 SEYMOUR LECKER PALADIN PRESS BOULDER, COLORADO Also by Seymour Lecker: Deadly Brew: Advanced Improvised Explosives Improvised Explosives: How to Make Your Own Shock Sensitive Industrial Materials: Advanced Improvised Explosives Incendiaries: Advanced Improvised Explosives by Seymour Lecker Copyright © 1988 by Seymour Lecker ISBN 0-87364-483-2 Printed in the United States of America Published by Paladin Press, a division of Paladin Enterprises, Inc., P.O. Box 1307, Boulder, Colorado 80306, USA. (303) 443-7250 Direct inquiries and/or orders to the above address. All rights reserved. Except for use in a review, no portion of this book may be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of the publisher. Neither the author nor the publisher assumes any responsibility for the use or misuse of information contained in this book. Illustrations by Bill Border Contents Preface i x Chapter 1 Industrial Chemicals 1 Chapter 2 Oxidizers 35 Chapter 3 Ignition Devices 39 Chapter 4 Labels 45 Appendix A Recommended Reading 49 Appendix B Glossary 51 Warning This manual is for informational purposes only. Nei- ther the author nor the publisher assumes any respon- sibility for the use or misuse of information in this book. “Whoever maliciously damages or destroys or attempts to damage or destroy by means of an explosive or fire any real or personal property... • Shall be imprisoned for not more than 10 years or fined not more than $10,000 or both. • If personal injury results, shall be imprisoned for not more than 20 years or fined not more than $20,000 or both. • If death results, shall be imprisoned for life or shall be subject to the death penalty.” — Federal Law Relating to Explosives Preface This volume demonstrates the potential of com- monly used industrial chemicals as incendiaries. Fifty chemicals have been selected having a wide variety of industrial applications, but there are many more. These fifty were selected because they are widely used and have a flash point of under 100° Fahrenheit. Fire has a long history of use by terrorists and saboteurs because of the potential for major destruction from minor effort. Arson has also proven itself as an ef- fective psychological weapon playing on man’s ancient awe and fear of fire. Once again, it is impossible to overemphasize the po- tential for danger to persons attempting to use hazard- ous materials without proper safeguards and restraints. IX CHAPTER 1 — + Industrial Chemicals ACETALDEHYDE CHgCIIO Synonyms Acetic Aldehyde, Ethanol, Ethanal, Ethyl Aldehyde Description Colorless fuming liquid, pungent fruitlike odor. Uses Manufacture of acetic acid and numerous other chemicals. Synthetic flavors. Hazards Moderately toxic (narcotic). Will cause irritation of eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Flash point -36° F Fire fighting C0 2 , dry chemical, alcohol foam. Ignition Flame or contact with acid anhydrides, alcohols, ketones, phenols, halogens, isocyanates, or strong alkalis. 1 ACETYL CHLORIDE CHgCOCl Synonym Ethanoyl Chloride Description Colorless, fuming liquid. Strong odor. Uses Manufacture of dyestuffs and pharmaceuticals. Hazards Highly toxic. Can irritate shin, eyes, and mucous membrane. Heat can cause toxic fumes. Flash point 40° F Fire fighting C0 2 or dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with water or ethanol. ALLYL AMINE C 3 H 5 NH 2 Synonym 2-Propenylamine Description Colorless to light yellow liquid. Ammonia-like odor. Uses Manufacture of pharmaceuticals. Organic synthesis. Hazards Highly toxic. Can irritate eyes, skin, and respiratory system. Heat can cause toxic fumes. Flash point -20° F 2 Fire fighting Alcohol foam, C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame. AMYLENE CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CHCH 2 Synonyms Propylethylene, 2-Methyl Butene-2, 1-Pentene Description Colorless liquid, highly disagreeable odor. Uses Organic synthesis, blending agent for high-octane motor fuels, manufacture of pesticides. Hazards Moderately toxic. Narcotic in high concentrations. Can cause asphyxiation. Heat can cause toxic fumes. Flash point 0° F Fire fighting Alcohol foam, water spray or mist, dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with powerful oxidizers. BENZOTRIFLUORIDE C 6 H 5 CF 3 Synonyms Toluene Trifluoride, Trifluoromethylbenzene Description Water-white liquid. Aromatic odor. 3 Uses Intermediate for dyes and pharmaceuticals, solvent, dielectric fluid, vulcanizing agent, and insecticide. Hazards Highly toxic. Can irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membrane. Flash point 54° F Fire fighting Foam, C0 2 , water spray, mist, dry chemical. Ignition Flame and contact with oxidizing materials. TERT - BUTYLAMINE (CH 3 ) 3 C:NH 2 Synonyms y-Aminoisobutane, Trimethyl Aminomethane Description Colorless liquid. Uses Manufacture of insecticides, fungicides, dyestuffs, and pharmaceuticals. Intermediate for rubber accelerators. Hazards Highly toxic. Will irritate skin on contact. Flash point 50° F Fi re fighting Alcohol foam. Ignition Flame. 4 TERT - BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE (CH 3 ) 3 COOH Synonyms None Description Water-white liquid. Uses Polymerization, oxidation, sulfanation catalyst, bleaching, and deodorizing- Hazards Highly toxic. Can cause severe depression and incoordination. High concentrations can cause respiratory arrest. Flash point 80° F Fire fighting Alcohol foam, C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with reducing materials. CHLOROBENZENE C 6 H 5 C1 Synonyms Chlorobenzol, Monochlorobcnzene, Phenyl Chloride Description Colorless liquid. Almond-like odor. Uses Solvent, pesticide intermediate, heat transfer, manufacture of phenol, chloronitrobenzinc, and aniline. Hazards Moderately toxic. Narcotic in high concentrations. 5 Flash point 85° F Fire fighting C0 2 , dry chemical, water, foam. Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. COLLODION C 12 H 16 0 6 (N0 3 ) 4 C 13 H 17 0 7 (N0 3 ) 3 Synonyms None Description Pale yellow, syrupy liquid, ethereal odor. Uses Cements, coating wounds, solvent for drugs, corn removers, process engraving, lithography, photography. Hazards Material is relatively safe, but moderate heat can create large quantities of extremely toxic gases. Flash point 0° F Fire fighting Alcohol foam. Ignition Flame. 6 CYCLOHEXANE c 6 h 12 Synonyms Hexamethylene, Hexanaphthene, Hcxahydrobenzene Description Colorless liquid. Pungent odor. Uses Manufacture of nylon, solvent, extracting essential oils, organic synthesis, recrystallization, paint and varnish remover, fungicide. Hazards Moderately toxic. Can irritate skin. Narcotic in high concentrations. Flash point -4° F Fire fighting Foam, C0 2 , dry chemical, spray, fog. Ignition Flame or contact with powerful oxidizers. DIETHYLAMINE (C 2 H 5 ) 2 NH Synonyms None Description Colorless liquid, ammonia-like odor. Uses Manufacture of rubber chemicals, textile specialties, solvents, flotation agents, resins, pesticides, polymer- ization inhibitors, dyes, pharmaceuticals, petroleum chemicals, and corrosion inhibitors. Electroplating. 7 Hazards Moderately toxic. Can irritate skin and mucous membrane. Flash point -9° F Fire fighting Alcohol foam, C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. DIISOPKOPYLAMINE L(CH 3 ) 2 CH1 2 NH Synonyms None Description Colorless liquid. Amine-like odor. Uses Chemical intermediate catalyst. Hazards Moderately toxic. Can irritate skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Flash point 30° F Fire fighting Alcohol foam, foam, C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. 8 DIMETHYL SULFIDE (CH 3 ) 2 S Synonyms Methyl Sulfide, Methyl Thiomethane Description Colorless to straw-colored liquid. Disagreeable odor. Uses Gas odorant, solvent for many inorganic substances, catalyst impregnator, Hazards Moderately toxic. Will irritate eyes. Heat can cause highly toxic fumes. Flash point 0° F Fire fighting Dry chemical, foam, C0 2 . Ignition Flame and contact with powerful oxidizers. DIOXOLANE c 3 h 6 o 2 Synonym Ethylene Glycol Formal Description Water- white liquid. Uses Low -boiling solvent and extractant for oils, fats, waxes, dyes, and cellulose derivatives. Hazards Moderately toxic. Can irritate skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. 9 Flash point 35° F Fire fighting Alcohol foam, C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with powerful oxidizers. ETIIYLAMINE ctt 3 cti 2 ntt 2 Synonyms Aminoethanc, Monoethylamine Description Colorless liquid. Strong ammonia odor. Uses Dye intermediate, solvent extraction, refining petroleum, stabilizing latex, detergents, organic synthesis. Hazards Highly toxic. Will irritate or burn skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Flash point 0° F Fire fighting Alcohol foam, dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. 10 ETHYL ETHER (c 2 h 5 ) 2 o Synonyms Diethyl Ether, Diethyl Oxide, Ether, Ethyl Oxide, Sulfuric Ether Description Colorless liquid. Sweet aromatic odor. Uses Organic synthesis, analytical chemistry, anesthetic, extractant, manufacture of smokeless powder and industrial solvents. Hazards Moderately toxic. Can cause drowsiness, depression, and unconsciousness. Flash point -49° F Fire fighting Alcohol foam, C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame, static electricity, or strong oxidizing materials. ETIIYL MERCAPTAN C 2 H 5 SH Synonyms Ethanethiol, Ethylhydrosulfide, Ethyl Thioalcohol, Ethylsulfhy dr ate Description Colorless liquid. Odor of skunk. Uses Odorant, adhesive, stabilizer, chemical intermediate. 11 Hazards Moderately toxic. Odor tends to cling. Heat or contact with water or acid will cause highly toxic fumes. Flash point 80° F Fire fighting C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame, spark, or contact with oxidizing materials. ETHYL NITRATE c 2 h 5 no 3 Synonym Nitric Ether Description Colorless liquid, pleasant sweet odor. Uses Manufacture of drugs, perfumes, and dyes. Organic synthesis, rocket propellant. Hazards Moderately toxic. Can cause dizziness, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and depression. Flash point 50° F Fire fighting Foam, C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame. 12 ETHYL NITRITE c 2 h 5 no 2 Synonyms Nitrous Ether, Hyponitrous Ether Description Colorless or yellowish liquid, ethereal odor. Uses Organic reactions, synthetic flavoring. Hazards Moderately toxic. Can cause increased pulse rate, decreased blood pressure, and unconsciousness. Flash point -31° F Fire fighting Foam, C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame. Intense light can cause detonation, FLUOROBENZENE c<,h g f Synonym Phenyl Fluoride Description Colorless liquid. Odor of benzene. Uses Insecticide and larvicide intermediate, identification reagent for plastic and resin polymers. Hazards Highly toxic. Will irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membrane. 13 Flash point 5° F Fire fighting Water spray, mist, foam, dry chemical, C0 9 . Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. FIJRAN C 4 II 7 0 Synonyms Furfuran, Furfurane, Oxolc, Tetrol Description Colorless to reddish-brown, oily liquid. Almond-like odor. Uses Organic synthesis. Hazards Moderately toxic. Narcotic. Can cause eye and throat irritation as well as headaches. Flash point 32° F Fire fighting C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with acids or oxidizing materials. 14 FURFUR YLAMINE C 4 H 3 OCH 2 NH 2 Synonym 2-Fur anmethylamine Description Straw-colored liquid. Faint odor of amine. Uses Corrosion inhibitor, soldering flux, chemical intermediate. Hazards Moderately toxic. Will irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membrane. Flash point 99° F Fire fighting Foam, C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame. 2-HEPTENE c 7 h 14 Synonym 2*Heptylene Description Colorless liquid. Uses Plant growth retardant. Hazards Mildly toxic. Can be an irritant and/or asphyxiant. Flash point 32° F 15 Fire fighting Dry chemical, C0 2 , foam. Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. HEXANE CIT 3 (CH 2 ) 4 CH 3 Synonym Hexyl Hydride Description Colorless liquid. Faint, pleasant odor. Uses Solvent for vegetable oils, thermometers (low temperature), polymerization, paint dilutor, and used to denature alcohol. Hazards Mildly toxic. Can cause vertigo, drowsiness, loss of appetite, blurred vision, and itching. Flash point -7° F Fire fighting C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame and contact with oxidizing materials. 16 HYDROCYANIC ACID HCN Synonyms Prussic Acid, Hydrogen Cyanide, Formonitrilc Description Colorless to white liquid. Faint odor of bitter almonds. Uses Manufacture of acrylonitrile, acrylates, adiponitrile, cyanide salts, dyes, chelates, rodenticides, and pesticides. Hazards Extremely toxic. Limited exposure will cause dizziness, headaches, and nausea. Continued exposure will quickly result in death. Flash point 0° F Fire fighting C0 2 , non-alkaline dry chemical, foam. Ignition Flame or contact with acetaldehyde. ISOPENTANE (CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 2 CH 3 Synonyms 2-Methylbutane, Ethydimethylmethane, Tsomyl Hydride Description Colorless liquid, pleasant odor. 17 Uses Solvent, blowing agent for polystyrene, manufacture of chlorinated derivatives. Hazards Moderately toxic. Can cause irritation, itching, blisters, and swelling. Flash point -60° F Fire fighting Foam, C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. ISOPROPYLAMINE (CH 3 ) 2 CHNH 2 Synonym 2-Aminopropane Description Colorless liquid, amino odor. Uses Solvent, intermediate in synthesis of rubber accel- erators, de-hairing agent, manufacture of pharma- ceuticals, dyes, insecticides, bactericides, and textiles Hazards Moderately toxic. Will cause irritation. Narcotic in high concentrations. Flash point -35° F Fire fighting Alcohol foam, foam, C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. 18 ISOPROPYL CHLORIDE (CH 3 ) 2 CHC1 Synonym 2-Chloropropane Description Colorless, odorless liquid. Uses Solvent, intermediate. Hazards Mildly toxic. Can be used as a surgical anesthetic. Flash point -26° F Fire fighting Dry chemical, C0 2 , mist. Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. METHALLYL CHLORIDE C^Cl Synonyms Beta-Methylallyl Chloride, Methyl Allyl Chloride, 2-Chlorobutene-2 Description Colorless to straw-colored liquid. Very sharp odor. Uses Manufacture of insecticides, plastics, and pharma- ceuticals. Fumigant for grains, tobacco, and soil. 19 Hazards Moderately toxic. Can irritate eyes and skin. Heat will produce highly toxic fumes. Flash point 11° F Fire fighting Alcohol foam, C0 2 , dry chemical, Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. METHYL FORMATE CH 3 OCIIO Synonym Methyl Methanoate Description Colorless liquid. Agreeable odor. Uses Organic synthesis, cellulose acetate solvent, fumigant, larvicides, food additive. Hazards Moderately toxic. Can irritate eyes. Heat can cause toxic gases. Flash point -2° F Fire fighting Alcohol foam, C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame. 20 2-METHYLFURAN Synonym Sylvan Description Colorless liquid. Ether- like odor. Uses Chemical intermediate. Hazards Highly toxic. Can irritate eyes, skin, and mucous membrane. Flash point -22° F Fire fighting C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. NICKEL CARBONYL Ni(CO) 4 Synonym Nickel Tetracarbonyl Description Colorless liquid or needles. Uses Production of high-purity nickel powder. Nickel coating of metals. 21 Hazards Highly toxic. Can cause headache, dizziness, vomiting, fever, and breathing difficulties. Heat or contact wiLh acids can cause toxic fumes. Flash point -4° F Fire fighting Water, foam, C(l>, dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. NONANE ^ 9^20 Synonym Nonyl Hydride Description Colorless liquid. Uses Organic synthesis, biodegradable detergents, distillation chaser. Hazards Mildly toxic. Can irritate respiratory tract. Narcotic in high concentration. Flash point 88° F Fire fighting C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. 22 OCTANE CH 3 (CII 2 ) 6 CII 3 Synonyms None Description Colorless liquid. Uses Solvent, organic synthesis, calibrations, and azeotropic distillation. Hazards Mildly toxic. Can asphyxiate. Narcotic in high concentration. Flash point 56° F Fire fighting Alcohol foam, C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. PROPANAL C 2 H 5 CHO Synonyms Propionaldehyde, Propyl Aldehyde, Propionic Aldehyde Description Colorless to white liquid. Fruity, suffocating odor. Uses Manufacture of plastics, synthetic rubber, and prionic acid. Disinfectant, preservatives. 23 Hazards Moderately toxic. Will irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Flash point -22° F Fire fighting Alcohol foam, C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. PROPIONITRILE C 2 H s CN Synonyms Propionic Nitrile, Propanenitrile, Ethyl Cyanide Description Colorless liquid. Ethereal odor. Uses Solvent, intermediate and dielectric fluid. Hazards Highly toxic. Can cause headaches, visual distortions, fall in blood pressure, vomiting, collapse, and coma. Heat will cause even more toxic fumes. Flash point 36° F Fire fighting Water spray, foam, mist, C0 2 , or dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. 24 PROPYL ACETATE CgILyOOCCHg Synonym Propyl Ester Description Colorless liquid. Pleasant odor. Uses Manufacture of perfumes, flavoring agents, natural and synthetic resins, lacquers, and plastics. Organic synthesis, laboratory reagent, solvent for cellulose derivatives. Hazards Mildly toxic. Can cause irritations and retarded breathing. Flash point 55° F Fire fighting Alcohol foam, C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. PROPYLAMINE c 3 ii 7 nh 2 Synonym 1-Amino Propane Description Colorless liquid. Strong odor of ammonia. Uses Chemical intermediate, laboratory reagent. Hazards Mildly toxic. Can irritate or sensitize skin. 25 Flash point -35° F Fire fighting Alcohol foam, C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. PROPYL FORMATE cyr 7 cuo 2 Synonym Propyl Methanoate Description Colorless liquid. Pleasant odor. Uses Food flavoring. Hazards Mildly toxic. Can irritate skin and eyes. Flash point 27° F Fire fighting Alcohol foam. Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. TETRAHYDROFURAN c 4 h 8 o Synonyms THF, Diethylene Oxide, Tetramethylene Oxide, Cyclotetramethylene Oxide- 1, 4 Epoxy Butane 26 Description Colorless to white liquid. Ether-like odor. Uses Manufacture of resins, vinyls, topcoating solutions, protective coatings, cellophane, adhesives, magnetic tapes, and printing ink. Chemical intermediate and monomer. Hazards Moderately toxic. Can irritate eyes and mucous membrane. High concentrations can be narcotic. Flash point 6° F Fire fighting Foam, dry chemical, C0 2 . Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizers. THIOPHENE SCH:CHCH:CH Synonym Thiofuran Description Colorless liquid. Uses Manufacture of dyes and pharmaceuticals, organic synthesis, solvent. Hazards Moderately toxic. Will irritate eyes, skin, mucous membrane, and respiratory system. Flash point 30° F 27 Fire fighting Foam, C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with nitric acid. TRICIILOIIOSILANE HSiClg Synonym Silicochloroform Description Colorless liquid. Uses Purification of silicone. Hazards Mildly toxic. Heat can cause toxic fumes. Contact with water or steam can cause toxic and corrosive fumes. Flash point 7° F Fire fighting C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. 28 TRIETHYLAMINE (C 2 H 5 ) 3 N Synonyms None Description Colorless liquid. Odor of ammonia. Uses Corrosion inhibitor, propellant, catalytic solvent in chemical synthesis, accelerator activators for rubber, curing and hardening of polymers. Hazards Highly toxic. Will irritate all tissue. Can damage kidney and liver. Flash point 16° F Fire fighting C0 2 , dry chemical, alcohol foam. Ignition Flame or contact with powerful oxidizing materials. TRIMETHYL CHLOROSILANE (CH 3 ) 3 SiCl Synonyms None Description Colorless liquid. Uses Intermediate for silicone fluids. Hazards Moderately toxic. Will irritate tissue. 29 Flash point -18° F Fire fighting Foam, alcohol foam or fog. Ignition Flame or contact with water. VINYL BUTYL ETHER CH 2 :CHOC 4 H 9 Synonyms Butyl Vinyl Ether, Vinyl-N-Butyl Ether, N-Butyl Vinyl Ether Description Colorless liquid. Uses Copolymerization, synthesis. Hazards Mildly toxic. Can cause loss of appetite, thirst, and fatigue. Flash point 15° F Fire fighting Foam, C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with powerful oxidizers. 30 VINYLCYCLOHEXENE C 8 Hi 2 Synonyms l-Vinylcyclohexene-3, 4-Vinylcyclohexene-l , Cyclohexenylcthylene Description Colorless liquid. Uses Polymers, organic synthesis. Hazards Mildly toxic. Can irritate tissue. Narcotic in high concen trations . Flash point 61° F Fire fighting Foam, C0 2; dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. VINYL ISOBUTYL ETHER C 4 H 9 OCTICTT 2 Synonyms Isobutyl Vinyl Ether, Ive Description Colorless liquid. Uses Manufacture of surgical adhesives, lacquers, resins, and plastics. Chemical intermediate. Hazards Mildly toxic. Can cause loss of appetite, thirst, and fatigue. 31 Flash point 15° F Fire fighting Alcohol foam, CO,„ dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. VINYL METHYL KETONE CHgCOCHiCHg Synonyms 3-Bulene-2-Onc, Methyl Vinyl Ketone Description Colorless liquid. Irritating odor. Uses Synthesis and alkylating agent, intermediate in the manufacture of steroids and vitamins, monomer for vinyl resins. Hazards Moderately toxic. Can irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membrane. Heat can create toxic fumes. Flash point 20° F Fire fighting C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. 32 VINYL PROPIONATE CH 2 :CHOCOC 2 H 5 Synonyms None Description Colorless liquid. Uses Manufacture of emulsion paints. Hazards Mildly toxic. Can cause loss of appetite, thirst, and fatigue. Flash point 34° F Fire fighting Alcohol foam. Ignition Flame or contact with oxidizing materials. XYLENE C e H 4 (CH 3 ) 2 Synonyms Dimethyl Benzene, Xylol Description Colorless liquid. Uses Solvent, insecticides, synthesis of organic chemicals. Manufacture of protective coatings, enamels, rubber cements, dyes, motor fuels, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. 33 Hazards Moderately toxic. Can irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membrane. Flash point 81° F Fire fighting Foam, C0 2 , dry chemical. Ignition Flame or contact with powerful oxidizers. 34 CHAPTER 2 ♦ Oxidizers Many of the materials outlined in Chapter 1 will ig- nite upon contact with oxidizers. Many of the most read- ily available oxidizers have already been described in previous volumes in this series: Deadly Brew: Ad- vanced Improvised Explosives (Vol. I) and Shock Sensitive Industrial Materials: Advanced Impro- vised Explosives (Vol. II). They are listed below. ACETYL BENZOYL PEROXIDE VOL II c 6 h 5 co-o 2 -occh 3 ACETYL PEROXIDE VOL II (CH 3 C0) 2 0 2 ALUMINUM CHLORATE VOL II AIXC10 3 ) 3 AMMONIUM NITRITE VOL IT nh 4 no 2 BARIUM CHLORATE VOL II Ba(C10 3 ) 2 -H 2 0 35 BENZOYL PEROXIDE VOL I ^ 14 ^ 10^4 CADMIUM NITRATE VOL II Cd(N0 3 ) 2 CALCIUM NITRATE VOL II Ca(N0 3 ) 2 CERIUM NITRATE VOL TI Cc(N0 3 ) CHLORINE HEPTAOXIDE VOL II C1 2 0 7 p-CHLOROBENZOYL PEROXTDE VOL II (C1C 6 H 4 C0) 2 0 2 CHROMIUM NITRATE VOL II ckno 3 ) 3 FLUORINE NITRATE VOL II fno 3 HYDROGEN PEROXTDE VOL I h 2 o 2 LAUROYL PEROXIDE VOL II ^ 24 ^ 46^4 LITHIUM CHLORATE VOL II LiClOg 36 LITHIUM NITRATE VOL II LiN0 3 NITRIC ACID VOL I HN0 3 OZONE VOL II O3 PERCHLORIC ACTD VOL II IIC10 4 POTASSIUM NITRATE VOL II KN0 3 POTASSIUM NITRITE VOL II KNO z SILVER PERMANGANATE VOL I AgMn0 4 SODIUM CHLORITE VOL II NaC10 2 SODIUM NITRATE VOL II NaN0 3 STRONTIUM NITRATE VOL II Sr(N0 3 ) 2 STRONTIUM PEROXIDE VOL II Sr0 2 37 SULFURIC ACID VOL I h 2 so 4 THALLIUM NITRATE VOL II T1N0 3 THORIUM NITRATE VOL II Th(N0 3 ) 2 ZINC NITRATE VOL II Zn(NO a ) 2 ZIRCONIUM NITRATE VOL II Zi