Characteristics of a resilient file system (draft)

* Redundant copies of the file index (also known as file table) and fragmentation bitmap, ideally at both the beginning and end of the partition.

* In addition to the centralized file index, individual directories with meta data about contained items should be scattered around the disc like in FAT and exFAT.

* Individual files' entries store the location of at least the first few fragments (like in NTFS), in addition to the block bitmap (known from FAT/exFAT).

* To protect from deletion accidents, deletion of files and directories should only mark items' entries as deleted without immediately nullifying meta data such as file names, sizes, attributes such as time stamps, and on-disk locations (starting cluster number). This is done correctly by FAT/exFAT. A counter-example is ext4, which nullifies the inode containing the metadata.

* Ideally, each file should have surrounding sectors with metadata about the file itself. At least every fragmented file. A sector after each fragment should link to the next fragment, or perhaps as many fragment cluster numbers as fit in one sector for redundancy.