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This post-war populist intention to create a new political tradition that could rule the nation but was different from fascism, and its eventual success in doing so, explains the complex historical nature of postwar populism as a varied set of authoritarian experiments
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in democracy. To be sure, modern populism incorporated elements from other traditions, but the fascist origins and effects of populism after the defeat of Hitler and Mussolini shaped its postfascist constitutive tension between democracy and dictatorship.
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In the guise of postfascist forms of antiliberal democracy, fascism continued its legacy through various combinations of populism and neofascism. The truth is that, despite the predominance of populism, many neofascist groups remained and continue to exist.
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Actual neofascist movements that, unlike the populist ones, want to flatly invoke and replicate the fascist legacy are on the rise in Europe. Countries like Greece, with its extreme right-wing movement Golden Dawn
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Sometimes neofascists are fellow travelers of populism. Populists differ from neofascists in their desire to reshape democracy in authoritarian fashion without fully destroying it, but like the neofascists, right-wing Euro-populists identify “the people” with
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an ethnically conceived national community. In Germany, the Alternative for Germany (AFD), and especially the Patriotic Europeans against the Islamization of the West (Pegida) Movement straddle right-wing populist authoritarianism and the neo-Nazi legacies of German fascism.
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Populism started with the recognition that fascism was now part of the past rather than the present. For General Perón, the leader of the first modern populist regime in history, fascism was “an unrepeatable phenomenon, a classic style to define a precise and determined epoch.”
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Decades later, Italian neofascists arrived at a similar conclusion. Gianfranco Fini, leader of the MSI, wanted to morph it into a populist formation& argued (1993) that fascism was irreversibly consigned to the past: “Like all Italians we are not neo-fascists, but post-fascists.
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While it is true that Meloni also took part of Fini's post-fascism, she clearly has returned to the key neo-fascist elements of MSI before the "post-fascist" turn of 1993.
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返信先: さん, さん
Sounds a lot like the Lost Cause. Fascists who fail or face setbacks always seek to hide themselves behind new names, but the ideology remains intact. Just describe the political movement by detailing what its goals are. And if you do that, it’s easy just to say she’s a fascist.
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