Datastream
Visualizing the Fastest Trains in the World
The Briefing
- Japan’s L0 Series Maglev is the fastest train in the world, with a speed record of 374 mph or 602 km/h. It could go the distance from New York City to Montreal in less than an hour.
- China has half of the eight fastest trains, and the world’s largest high-speed railway network.
Visualizing the Fastest Trains in the World
Ever since the invention of the steam locomotive in 1802, trains have been a driving societal force.
Invented in Britain at the height of the Industrial Revolution, steam trains gave the empire an unparalleled advantage in transporting goods and people. Soon it spread around the world as other nations scrambled to build their own railway networks to facilitate growth and commerce.
But just as nations rushed to build more railways, they also tried to build faster trains. Japan’s Tōkaidō Shinkansen or “bullet train” in 1964 was the first high-speed rail system, achieving a speed above 124 mph or 200 km/h.
How do other countries and trains compare?
Let’s dive into the fastest trains in the world using data from Travel and Leisure magazine.
Who Has The Fastest Trains in the World?
Japan started the high-speed train revolution in earnest, and it’s still at the top of the charts.
Though it’s fastest regular operating bullet trains (the N700A Shinkansen) can reach a top speed of 186 mph or 300 km/h, the country’s new development in magnetic levitation (maglev) is breaking speed records.
In fact, the top two fastest trains in the world are maglev, using two sets of magnets to elevate the train and propel it forward without friction to slow it down.
| World's Fastest Trains | Country | Speed Record |
|---|---|---|
| L0 Series Maglev | Japan | 374 mph (602 km/h) |
| CRRC Qingdao Sifang 2021 Maglev* | China | 373 mph (600 km/h) |
| TGV POS | France | 357 mph (575 km/h) |
| CRH380A Hexie | China | 302 mph (486 km/h) |
| Shanghai Maglev | China | 268 mph (431 km/h) |
| HEMU-430X | South Korea | 262 mph (422 km/h) |
| Fuxing Hao CR400AF | China | 260 mph (418 km/h) |
| Frecciarossa 1000 | Italy | 245 mph (394 km/h) |
*No official name or designation has been given yet, so currently listed under the manufacturer’s name, CRRC Qingdao Sifang.
Japan’s L0 Series Maglev is still in production, but with a land speed record of 374 mph or 602 km/h it is the fastest train in the world.
China’s Fastest Trains Look to Pass Japan
Japan is facing stiff competition from China, which already has the world’s longest high speed railway network and is investing heavily in infrastructure.
China already has a maglev train in operation, the Shanghai Maglev, which connects the city center with the international airport. The country’s latest unveiled train in July 2021 achieved a land speed of 373 mph or 600 km/h.
When it was unveiled, the new maglev train was announced as the fastest operating train in the world as it enters full production. But until full operation actually begins, its test speed record is still under that of the L0 Series.
In fact, China has half of the eight fastest trains in the world. Including Japan and South Korea, Asia accounts for the bulk of high-speed rail networks and record speeds.
Though it’s not all maglevs and Asia dominance. Conventional electric trains in Europe also made the list, with France’s TGV POS and Italy’s Frecciarossa 1000 reaching speeds of 357 mph (575 km/h) and 245 mph (394 km/h) respectively.
Where does this data come from?
Source: Travel + Leisure, Reuters
Datastream
The Biggest Corporate Hacks of 2021
2021 saw an alarming rise in the frequency and sophistication of corporate hacks. View this infographic to learn more.
The Biggest Corporate Hacks of 2021
Businesses are a prime target for cybercriminals, regardless of their size, industry, or location.
In this graphic sponsored by Global X ETFs, we’ve visualized the largest corporate hacks of 2021, as measured by ransom size. The full list is also tabulated below.
| Victim | Country | Industry | Amount paid or requested (USD millions) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | U.S. | Technology | Undisclosed |
| Kia Motors | South Korea | Automotive | $20M* |
| Bombardier | Canada | Aviation | Undisclosed |
| CNA Financial | U.S. | Financial Services | $40M |
| Harris Federation | UK | Education | $8M* |
| Colonial Pipeline | U.S. | Energy | $4.4M |
| Brenntag | German | Chemicals | $4.4M |
| JBS | Canada | Food | $11M |
| Kaseya | U.S. | Technology | $70M* |
| Accenture | U.S. | Technology | $50M* |
| Acer | Taiwan | Technology | $50M* |
*Requested but not paid in full. Source: Microsoft (2021), CRN (2021)
Continue reading below for details on some of these extraordinary hacks.
Energy: Colonial Pipeline Co.
The Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack was the largest ever cyberattack on an American oil infrastructure target.
On May 7, hackers took down the company’s billing system and threatened to release stolen data if a ransom was not paid. During negotiations, the company halted its pipelines, resulting in gas shortages across the Southeastern United States.
It’s been reported that Colonial Pipeline promptly paid a ransom of $4.4 million in bitcoin (based on prices at the time). The FBI managed to retrieve some of these bitcoins, but their exact method was not revealed.
Technology: Accenture
Accenture, one of the world’s largest IT consultants, fell victim to a ransomware attack in August of 2021. While this may seem ironic, it further proves that any business, regardless of industry, can be susceptible to hackers.
“There was no impact on Accenture’s operations, or on our client’s systems. As soon as we detected the presence of this threat, we isolated the affected servers.”
– Accenture spokesperson
The hack was traced back to LockBit, which claims to have stolen several terabytes of data from Accenture’s servers. A $50 million ransom was demanded, though it’s unknown whether the company actually made any payments.
Automotive: Kia Motors
Kia’s American business fell victim to a ransomware attack in February by a group called DoppelPaymer. Hackers threatened to release stolen data within 2 to 3 weeks if a ransom of $20 million (in bitcoin) was not paid.
This hack affected various systems including the Kia Owner Portal, Kia Connect (a mobile app for Kia owners), and internal programs used by dealerships. This also prevented buyers from picking up their new cars.
Kia denied it was hacked, but the timing of the ransom note and Kia’s service outages was suspicious. According to the FBI, DoppelPaymer has been responsible for numerous attacks since 2020. Victims include U.S. police departments, community colleges, and even a hospital in Germany.
Food: JBS
JBS, one of the world’s largest meat processing companies, experienced disruptions at its North American facilities in May. Shortly after, the company confirmed it had paid hackers a ransom of $11 million in bitcoin.
“This was a very difficult decision to make for our company and for me personally.”
– Andre Nogueira, CEO, JBS USA
This attack, along with the Colonial Pipeline hack, represents an alarming trend of critical industries being targeted. For context, JBS claims it has an annual IT budget of over $200 million, and employs over 850 IT personnel globally. The group responsible for this attack is known as REvil, a now defunct hacker group based in Russia.
Increased Spending on the Menu
The rising frequency and sophistication of corporate hacks is a major threat to the world. In fact, recent research from PricewaterhouseCoopers has highlighted that 69% of businesses predict a rise in future cybersecurity spending.
The Global X Cybersecurity ETF is a passively managed solution that can be used to gain exposure to the rising adoption of cybersecurity technologies. Click the link to learn more.
Datastream
AWS: Powering the Internet and Amazon’s Profits
Amazon is best known for its sprawling ecommerce empire, but three-quarters of the company’s profits actually come from cloud computing.
The Briefing
- Cloud computing has become a hugely important element of Amazon’s business
- In 2021, AWS accounted for 13% of Amazon’s revenue, but clocks in nearly three-quarters of their operating profit
AWS: Powering the Internet and Amazon’s Profits
The Amazon growth story has been a remarkable one so far.
On the top line, the company has grown every single year since its inception. Even in going back to 2004, Amazon generated a much more modest $6.9 billion in revenue compared to the massive $469 billion for 2021.
Most of these sales come from their retail and ecommerce operations, which the company has come to be known for. However, on the bottom line, the source of profit paints a completely different picture. That’s because 74% of Amazon’s operating profit comes from Amazon Web Services (AWS).
Here’s a closer look at the financials around Amazon and AWS:
| Year | AWS Operating Profit ($B) | Total Operating Profit ($B) | AWS % of Operating Profit | Revenue ($B) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | $18.5 | $24.8 | 74% | $469.8 |
| 2020 | $13.5 | $22.9 | 59% | $386.1 |
| 2019 | $9.2 | $14.5 | 63% | $280.5 |
| 2018 | $7.2 | $12.4 | 58% | $232.8 |
Ultimately, the data suggests that the cloud business has been, and possibly will always remain, a higher margin business and consistent profit center in comparison to ecommerce and the physical distribution of goods.
A Glance at AWS
AWS is Amazon’s cloud computing service that provides the critical infrastructure for an assortment of applications like data storage and networking. With this, they help fuel over a million organizations including businesses like Twitter and Netflix and even both the U.S. and Canadian Federal Governments.
Here are some other notable entities and the monthly payments they’ve made towards AWS:
| AWS Customer | Monthly Payments ($M) |
|---|---|
| Netflix | $19 |
| Twitch | $15 |
| $13 | |
| $11 | |
| Turner Broadcasting | $10 |
| BBC | $9 |
| Baidu | $9 |
| ESPN | $8 |
| Adobe | $8 |
| $7 |
Source: Continho (2020)
Based on these monthly figures from 2020, AWS collects $1.3 billion in sales a year just from these 10 customers, while raking in $62 billion of revenue overall. Moreover, this makes them the leader in the competitive cloud market.
In an industry worth an excess of $180 billion, Amazon’s 33% market share position exceeds both Google and Microsoft (Azure) combined. Their market share also surpasses the bottom six shown on the chart combined, who are formidable tech giants in their own right.
The Future of AWS?
AWS has been a cash cow for years and there have even been rumors of an Amazon split up, where AWS would spin off as its own entity. It’s believed by some that if the cloud segment of the business separates, it will be seen as a pure play on the cloud industry and will be awarded a higher valuation multiple by the market.
One thing is for sure, from the perspective of profits, Amazon could be better be described as a cloud company, with an ecommerce business on the side.
Where does this data come from?
Source: Amazon SEC Filings
Notes: Operating profit is the profit from the business before the deduction of non-operating expenses like interest and taxes.
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