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Record-breaking experiment may solve a major challenge in quantum computing

by Shawn Johnson
August 9, 2022
in Innovation
Record-breaking experiment may solve a major challenge in quantum computing

The two atoms, inflated to a nearly comical size and cooled to a fraction above absolute zero, are used to generate a robust, extremely fast two-qubit quantum gate that overcomes some of the continuing challenges of quantum computing. can help to.

Since the two-qubit gate is the fundamental building block of efficient quantum computers, this breakthrough has huge implications. This could lead to a new type of quantum computer architecture that breaks the current limitations for noise-free quantum operation.

Qubit is a contraction, short for the term “quantum bit”. It is the quantum computing equivalent of a traditional bit – the basic unit of information on which computing technology is based.

In the old way of solving a problem, information (and the logic used to calculate it) is represented by a binary system. Like a light switch, the units that make up this system are all in a particular state of on or off. Or, as they are often described, as one or zero.

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What makes quantum computing so much more powerful is that both qubits can occur simultaneously, in a state known as quantum superposition. In itself, a qubit is not much of a computer. Combined with (or entangled) the superpositions of other qubits, however, they can represent some seriously powerful algorithms.

A two-qubit gate is a logical operation based on the quantum state of two entangled qubits. It is the simplest component of a quantum computer, allowing qubits to be entangled and read.

Scientists have been experimenting with quantum gates based on various materials for some time, and have made some extraordinary successes. However, one problem remains important: the superpositions of qubits can quickly and easily deform due to simultaneous entanglement with external sources.

Accelerating the gate is the best way to address this issue: since that inrush is typically slower than a millionth of a second (a microsecond), a quantum gate that is faster than that is required to produce precision. Will be able to “put out” the noise. Calculation.

To take a jibe at this goal using a slightly different approach than usual, a team of researchers led by physicist Yelai Chew of the National Institute of Natural Sciences in Japan turned to a more complex setup.

The qubits themselves are atoms of the metal rubidium in the gaseous state. Using lasers, these atoms were cooled to near absolute zero, and positioned at precise micron-scale distances from each other using optical tweezers – laser beams used to manipulate atomic-scale objects can go.

Then, physicists pulsed the atoms with a laser. This knocked the electrons from the nearest orbital distance to a very wide orbital separation for each atomic nucleus, atoms known as Rydberg atoms. This led to a 6.5-nanosecond periodic exchange of orbital size and electron energy between the now giant atoms.

Using more laser pulses, the research team was able to perform a quantum gate operation between two atoms. The speed of that operation was 6.5 billionth of a second (nanosecond), the researchers said – 100 times faster than any previous experiment with Rydberg atoms, a new record for quantum gates based on this particular type of technology. installs.

It is not beating the overall record for the fastest two-qubit quantum gate operation yet. This was achieved in 2019, using phosphorus atoms in silicon, taking a mind-blowing 0.8 nanosecond; But the new work involves a different approach that may overcome some of the limitations of other types currently in development.

In addition, exploring different architectures may provide clues that help narrow down deficiencies in other types of hardware.

The next steps, the team said, are fairly clear. They need to replace the commercial laser with a purpose-built one to improve accuracy, as the laser can contribute to noise; and apply better control techniques.

research has been published in Nature Photonics,

Source: www.sciencealert.com

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